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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a fourteen-year-period 257 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy in an unselected population of 700,000 inhabitants. The incidence of haemodynamically significant restenosis was 13.5% in 133 vessels in 116 patients studied by duplex scanning 28 to 209 months following carotid endarterectomy. The most striking differences between patent and restenosed cases were in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels. The patients with a long-term low cholesterol (less than 6.5 mmol/l), low triglyceride (less than 1.42 mmol/l) and high HDL cholesterol (greater than 1.0 mmol/l) levels had significantly less high grade restenosis (P less than 0.05). Apolipoprotein A-I and B had no significant effect, but if the lowest limit of normal apolipoprotein A-I level was considered as 1.27 g/l the difference was significant. The frequency of a high-grade restenosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease was not significantly increased, but supports the view that these are risk factors in the development of atherosclerotic changes in an operated carotid artery. The incidence of recurrent stenosis appears to be unrelated to hypertension, claudication, obesity, smoking, operative factors or to the indication for surgery. Men were more prone than women to get a high-grade restenosis. Postoperative treatment with acetylsalicylic acid was most effective, the incidence was only half of that expected, whereas the anticoagulants or a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole were of no benefit. Haematocrit, RBC, platelet count and thrombocrit were contradictory.
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PMID:Late carotid restenosis: aetiologic factors for recurrent carotid artery stenosis during long-term follow-up. 274 59

An epidemiologic study was carried out in June 1986 among 1702 industrial workers from the machine-building and metal-manufacturing industry--956 men and 746 women. 57.9% of the workers were in the 30-39 and 40-49 age groups. Arterial hypertension was found in 16.6% of the examined and borderline hypertension was found in 12.9%. With advancing age the hypertension frequency increases. Men suffer more frequently (18.4%) than women (14.2%). In younger age this difference is statistically significant. A relation was established between hypertension and obesity in both sexes. The characteristics of the hypertension structure and the relation of borderline hypertension with age, sex and body mass are discussed.
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PMID:[Epidemiologic studies of the prevalence of arterial hypertension among industrial workers in Stara Zagora]. 277 60

Based on available data, an attempt is made to describe 10-year trends in body weight and exercise in the Swiss population. There appears to have been a steady but rather small increase in mean body weight among both genders. The health risks of this modest increase cannot readily be evaluated, since in the light of recent studies it may be necessary to raise the threshold level for the suggested negative effects of overweight. Further, the importance of fat distribution has not yet been investigated appropriately in a sufficient number of epidemiologic surveys. The increase in exercise, which was paralleled by a decrease in the sedentary population segment during the same period is probably relevant to prevention. Men aged 45-64 and women aged 25-44 increased their physical activity most. However, only a cohort study could document the true importance of obesity and physical inactivity as etiological factors in chronic diseases among the Swiss population.
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PMID:[Body weight and athletic activities of the Swiss adult population: an evaluation of national trends 1977-1985]. 329 94

We have utilized a very-low-calorie formula diet (VLCD) along with multidisciplinary group counselling in an attempt to achieve and maintain major weight loss in 4026 morbidity obese patients. Using a 420-cal protein supplement (Optifast), men lost weight, at an average of 4.6 +/- 0.9 lb/week and women, 3.1 +/- 1.1 lb/week. Men remained on the VLCD an average of 13.2 weeks, resulting in a mean weight loss of 66.0 +/- 8.1 lb; women remained on the fast an average of 14.1 weeks, with an average loss of 47.3 +/- 4.2 lb. Outcome analysis revealed that 25 percent of patients were unable to adapt to this approach, dropping out within the first 3 weeks. Of the patients remaining in the program, 68 percent lost considerable weight, but did not reach their goal; of this group, recidivism was extremely high, with only 5-10 percent maintaining weight loss after 18 months. Thirty-two percent of the patients successfully attained goal weight; the holding rate of this group has been considerably greater, with 30 percent of women and 58 percent of men maintaining weight loss (within 10 lbs) for a minimum of 18 months. Complications of obesity i.e. hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemias were remarkably improved after weight loss. Complications of the VLCD including cardiac abnormalities, were minimal. Our 8-year experience strongly suggests that the VLCD approach using high quality protein supplement and multi-disciplinary counselling provides a reasonable success rate for achieving and maintaining weight loss in the morbidity obese population.
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PMID:An eight-year experience with a very-low-calorie formula diet for control of major obesity. 336 May 64

Men who do not drink are frequently used as a baseline against which the effects of alcohol consumption are measured. The characteristics of such men have been examined in a large-scale prospective study of cardiovascular disease involving 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. Non-drinkers include lifelong teetotallers and ex-drinkers, both long-term and recent. Long-term ex-drinkers have many characteristics likely to increase their morbidity and mortality; recent ex-drinkers have similar characteristics but to a less marked degree. Ex-drinkers are older than the other groups and include an increased proportion of unmarried men and men in manual occupations. They have the same high percentage of current cigarette smokers as moderate/heavy drinkers and a prevalence of hypertension and obesity similar to moderate/heavy drinkers and higher than lifelong teetotallers or occasional/light drinkers. Ex-drinkers have the highest percentage of men with multiple doctor-diagnosed disorders. In particular, they have the highest prevalence rates of angina and possible myocardial infarction on standardized questionnaire, of myocardial infarction on electrocardiogram and of recall of a doctor-diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease. They also have high prevalence rates of recall of high blood pressure, peptic ulcer, diabetes, gall bladder disease and bronchitis. They have the highest rates for regular medical treatment and the highest proportion of men who consider their health to be poor. It is abundantly clear that the general category of non-drinkers, which includes a large proportion of ex-drinkers, should not be used as a baseline against which to measure the effects of alcohol consumption. Overall, it would appear that the occasional/light drinking category (less than 15 drinks/week) provides a large and satisfactory baseline group for comparative purposes in the study of cardiovascular and other organic disorders.
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PMID:Men who do not drink: a report from the British Regional Heart Study. 340 25

In a non-concurrent cohort study, the data from medical examinations of 78,612 Dutch men at the age of 18 were linked to mortality registrations over a follow-up period of 32 years. Body weight and height, blood pressure, resting pulse rate, education, birth order and a health score were recorded. The average Body Mass Index was 20.8 kg/m2. About 5% of the men were very lean (BMI less than 18) and only about 2% had grade I obesity (BMI greater than 25). During 32 years of follow-up 3642 men died. By means of a logistic regression analysis the impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) at the age of 18 on longevity was investigated. Healthy, well-educated men with a BMI of 19 had a higher rate of survival during the entire follow-up period. A negative effect of a high BMI (greater than 25) was only demonstrable after 20 years of follow-up. Men with a BMI under 18 had an increased mortality risk, which was mainly caused by an impaired health status. The results of this study support the hypothesis that moderately obese young men have an increased mortality risk.
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PMID:The impact of body mass index of 78,612 18-year old Dutch men on 32-year mortality from all causes. 341 64

The prevalence of sleep complaints and somatic diseases was estimated in a random sample of 4064 Swedish men aged 30-69 years. Great difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) was experienced by 6.9% and moderate problems in DIS by 14.3%. Complaints of major difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) were reported by 7.5% of the men and of moderate DMS by 14.9%. DMS was more frequent with increasing age. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was reported by 5.7%. Altogether 879 men were attending regular medical examinations for somatic diseases. Among the 299 hypertensive men, major complaints of DMS (13.5%), DIS (8.4%) and EDS (8.8%) were more common, but the 167 men treated with beta-blockers rather showed a proportionally somewhat lower prevalence of sleep complaints. Men with obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 113) had a higher prevalence of DMS (18.8%) and EDS (12.4%). Diabetic men (n = 74) complained also more often of DMS (21.9%), DIS (21.1%) and EDS (12.2%). Men with rheumatic disease (n = 176) and obesity (n = 221) also had increased prevalence of sleep complaints.
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PMID:Somatic diseases and sleep complaints. An epidemiological study of 3,201 Swedish men. 349 35

Longitudinal study of 16,936 Harvard alumni, followed for life-style experiences as related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and longevity, identified 572 first coronary heart disease (CHD) attacks, 1962-1972, and 1,413 all-cause deaths, 1962-1978. Men expending 8.4+ MJ (2,000+ kcal) per week in walking, stair-climbing, and sports play were at 39% lower risk of developing CHD than less active classmates. Attributable risk estimates suggested: there might have been 16% fewer CVD deaths in the alumni population if every man had exercised 8.4+ MJ per week; 25% fewer from total cigarette abstinence; 9% fewer from abolition of hypertension; 6% fewer with less obesity; and 11% fewer CVD deaths in the absence of parental CHD. Discounting the influence of blood pressure status, cigarette habit, net weight gain since college, and parental history of early death, the more active alumni (39% of the population) are estimated to have lived on average one and one-quarter years longer than less active men.
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PMID:Physical activity, other life-style patterns, cardiovascular disease and longevity. 353 17

Adipose tissue distribution is an important predictor of obesity-associated morbidity and mortality. A central ('male') fat distribution is associated with increases in intra-abdominal adipose tissue which might be of metabolic importance. Although many recent studies have pointed out significant regional differences in the size and metabolism of subcutaneous fat cells intra-abdominal depots have not been systematically examined. We compared fat cell sizes (FCS) and lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) of two internal (omental, mesenteric) and four subcutaneous (SQ) sites (femoral, gluteal, abdominal, epigastric) in morbidly obese patients (26 premenopausal women and 14 men). Men had larger internal FCS than women while women had larger SQ FCS in the gluteal and femoral depots. Mesenteric FCS were largest of all sites in men. In women, omental fat cells were the smallest of all sites sampled but omental fat cells were as large as SQ sites in men. A more central distribution of fat in women (high waist/hip ratio) was associated with large mesenteric fat cells. Calculation of total fat cell number based on SQ FCS only, revealed sex differences that were eliminated by also using intra-abdominal FCS in the calculation. Averaged across all six sites, women had higher LPLA than men. Higher LPL activities were found in the lower-body subcutaneous sites with enlarged fat cells in women. However, the relative enlargement of intra-abdominal FCS in men was not associated with increased LPLA. In conclusion, sex- and site-specific variations in the distribution of FCS and LPLA in internal and SQ fat depots emphasize the importance of analyzing these depots in studies of fat cell number and adipose tissue metabolism.
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PMID:Sex differences in regional distribution of fat cell size and lipoprotein lipase activity in morbidly obese patients. 361 Apr 66

Factors potentially associated with adult-onset diabetes mellitus in the elderly were reviewed, using the Framingham Heart Study data and other population data. Incidence data for diabetes mellitus in the elderly are sparse, but they indicate that the prevalence of diabetes increases greatly with age. Prevalence rates commonly exceeded 10 percent in those over the age of 60. Men and women in the Framingham Study who were overweight by more than 40 percent had twice the prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared with those of normal weight. Hypertension and coexistent vascular disease were particularly common in elderly diabetic patients, with rates markedly greater than those found among younger adult-onset diabetic patients. In those 50 years of age or older, the later development of diabetes mellitus was associated with increased levels of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, obesity, elevated casual glucose levels, use of diuretics, and preexisting vascular disease.
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PMID:Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. The Framingham Study. 370 88


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