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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The alarming increase of the prevalence of overweight and obesity observed recently in childhood and adolescence is one of the major contemporary paediatric problems. The excess of the body weight leads to many co-morbidities that may develop during childhood, for example: cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders (diabetes and insulin resistance), orthopaedic and psychiatric disorders. The last decade research showed that adipose tissue is not only a body lipid store but also an endocrine organ producing hormones named adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin and many others. Adipokines play an important role in regulation of lipids and carbohydrates metabolism, appetite and energy expenditure. Recent data suggest that these hormones also have immunomodulating features and they that are involved in inflammatory processes leading to atherogenesis. This article presents current information about adipokines in childhood and adolescent obesity.
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PMID:[Adipokines and obesity in children and adolescents]. 2008 Dec 72

Low-grade inflammation is important in the development of obesity related pathologies such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and also cardiovascular disease. Visfatin/PBEF/Nampt and resistin are proinflammatory adipokines secreted from adipocytes, monocytes, and macrophages, and have been linked to atherosclerotic plaque formation, recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the expression of these molecules in circulating blood monocytes is altered in obese and/or type 2 diabetic human subjects. Monocytes were isolated by CD14-antibody based magnetic cell sorting from blood samples of 17 lean controls, 20 obese nondiabetic subjects, and 19 obese patients with type 2 diabetes. FACS analysis was performed to test purity of the cell preparations. Expression of the different adipokines was measured by multiplex real-time PCR on RNA-level. Visfatin/PBEF/Nampt was found to be very strongly expressed in monocytes, whereas resistin levels were significantly lower. Furthermore, visfatin/PBEF/Nampt expression was significantly upregulated in obese type 2 diabetic patients, whereas obese nondiabetics exhibited similar levels compared to lean controls, indicating that visfatin/PBEF/Nampt levels are related to type 2 diabetes rather than to obesity. In contrast, resistin expression displayed a different pattern being significantly increased in obese subjects compared to controls but not related to type 2 diabetes. These data suggest a differential role for these two proinflammatory adipokines in linking metabolic diseases to atherosclerosis with visfatin/PBEF/Nampt being more important in patients with type 2 diabetes and resistin in obese but nondiabetic human subjects.
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PMID:Visfatin/PBEF/Nampt and resistin expressions in circulating blood monocytes are differentially related to obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. 2009 60

Visfatin is a peptide that is predominantly expressed in visceral adipose tissue and is hypothesized to be related to obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, a novel silent single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found in exon 7 of the chicken visfatin gene (also known as PBEF1) by single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing. In total, 836 chickens forming an F2 resource population of Gushi chicken crossed with Anka broiler were genotyped by XbaI forced RFLP, and the associations of this polymorphism with chicken growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were analyzed. Significant associations were found between the polymorphism and 4-week body weight (BW4), 6-week body weight (BW6), 4-week body slanting length (BSL4), fat bandwidth (FBW), breast muscle water loss rate (BWLR) and breast muscle fiber density (BFD) (P < 0.05), as well as 4-week breastbone length (BBL4) (P < 0.01). These observations suggested that the polymorphism in exon7 of the visfatin gene had significant effects on the early growth traits of chicken.
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PMID:A novel single-nucleotide polymorphism of the visfatin gene and its associations with performance traits in the chicken. 2014 1

Adipokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of a low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Among variety of adipokines, resistin and visfatin are proposed as important pro-inflammatory mediators, which also interfere with the central regulation of insulin sensitivity. Resistin has been initially postulated as a risk factor for insulin resistance, however, the subsequent available data on it have revealed contradictory findings in both humans and rodents. On the other hand, visfatin has been suggested to be a beneficial adipokine with insulin-mimicking/-sensitizing effects, but regulation of visfatin production and its physiological importance in the conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are still not completely understood. Despite the opposing effects of resistin and visfatin on the regulation of insulin sensitivity, both adipokines have pro-inflammatory properties. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the expression and secretion of resistin and visfatin are up-regulated during inflammation and in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. It has also become increasingly evident that resistin as well as visfatin itself can contribute to the inflammatory processes by triggering cytokine production and NF-kappaB activation. New insight into the role of adipokines makes them attractive targets for novel therapeutic strategies in chronic inflammatory diseases or subclinical inflammation relating to obesity and various metabolic abnormalities.
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PMID:Resistin and visfatin: regulators of insulin sensitivity, inflammation and immunity. 2015 65

Fat tissue produces a variety of secreted proteins with important roles in metabolism. Isolated and newly identified adipocytokine - visfatin is highly enriched in the visceral fat and it's expression level in plasma increases during the development of obesity. Visfatin exerts insulin - mimetic effects and lowers plasma glucose level throughout binding and activating the insulin receptor in animal model. However studies in humans' subjects reported conflicting results in regard to its relation with adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, suggesting that the role of this protein in the development of obesity and insulin resistance is unclear. Visfatin - the cytokine-like protein pre-B cell colony - enhancing factor 1 was also identified as cytosolic nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase. This enzyme is involved in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis, related to the glucose and lipid metabolism in humans. Further study of visfatin's physiological may lead to new insights into glucose homeostasis an and or new therapies not only for metabolic disorders but also for disturbance of the immune system.
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PMID:[The role of visfatin in the pathophysiology of human]. 2022 17

Adipose tissue is now considered an important endocrine organ that secretes a large number of physiologically active peptides affecting metabolic homeostasis of human body: they are collectively referred to as adipocytokines. Leptin is a key hormone in the regulation of food intake, energy expenditure, neuroendocrine and immune function. Leptin is related with obesity and its metabolic disorders; starvation-induced depletion of fat stores is accompanied by alterations of circulating adipocytokines that may have potential repercussions in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. Adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity, controls body weight, prevents atherosclerosis and negatively regulates immune functions. Plasma adiponectin relates inversely to adiposity and reflects the sequelae of accumulation of excess adiposity. Resistin is a protein hormone produced both by adipocytes and immunocompetent cells that affect fuel homeostasis and insulin action. Plasma resistin levels are decreased in anorectic patients, while plasma adiponectin levels are increased. Plasma ghrelin levels present opposite changes in obesity and anorexia nervosa, suggesting that ghrelin is a good marker of nutritional status. Visfatin shows to correlate with visceral fat mass in patients with obesity. Its possible role in patients with anorexia nervosa is unknown. In conclusion, obesity is defined as a state of low-grade inflammation, which is associated with increased leptin, resistin and ghrelin levels and decreased adiponectin levels; anorexia nervosa is characterized by opposite changes. Finally, plasma adipocytokines levels can represent a sensitive parameter of nutritional status that reflects changes in the level of body fat in children and adolescents with obesity and anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:[Adipocytokines: potential biomarkers for childhood obesity and anorexia nervosa]. 2044 Feb 37

Visfatin (NAMPT formerly known as PBEF1) is an adipokine that is strongly expressed in visceral fat and has caused much debate among researchers, regarding its involvement in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. It was initially isolated from bone marrow cells, and its involvement in inflammatory procedures such as sepsis and acute lung inflammation is now evident. Several studies have also reported an association of plasma visfatin levels with obesity. We undertook an evaluation of the involvement of the NAMPT gene in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the Greek population. We studied 178 patients with T2DM and 177 controls that were matched for sex, age and body mass index. We genotyped three tagging SNPs selected from the HapMap II CEPH European population as reference for the Greek population. These three SNPs tag another 12 SNPs over the entire NAMPT gene with a mean r(2) of 0.92. No indications of association with disease status were found with any of the tested variants or the inferred haplotypes. Results were also negative when the quantitative traits of weight and BMI were tested. Although our study covers common variants across the NAMPT gene, the possible involvement of rare variants in T2DM etiology cannot be ruled out and will require the investigation of very large numbers of cases and controls.
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PMID:Genetic variation in the visfatin (PBEF1/NAMPT) gene and type 2 diabetes in the Greek population. 2045 5

1. Visfatin (also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase or Nampt) is a novel adipokine associated with metabolic abnormalities in obesity and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether visfatin levels in the circulation and visfatin expression in fat tissues are altered in Lyon hypertensive (LH) rats, a hypertensive strain with numerous metabolic abnormalities, and, if so, to explore the possible correlations between blood visfatin levels and the metabolic abnormalities in LH rats. 2. Male 18-20-week-old LH rats and their control, Lyon normotensive (LN) rats, were used. Blood pressure was recorded in conscious, unrestrained rats. Fat tissue weight was determined. Serum visfatin concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay, whereas visfatin expression in fat tissues was determined by western blotting. Relationships between two parameters were evaluated by linear regression analysis. 3. The LH rats had significantly higher bodyweight and fat tissue weight compared with LN rats. Serum lipid levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were all significantly higher in LH rats than in LN rats. Moreover, serum visfatin levels were higher in LH rats than in LN rats and were positively correlated with bodyweight, fat tissue weight and serum lipid levels (i.e. TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG and the TG:HDL-C ratio). There were no significant differences in serum glucose and insulin concentrations, or in the whole-body insulin resistance index, between LN and LH rats, and serum visfatin levels were not correlated with any of these parameters. Visfatin expression in visceral fat tissue, but not in subcutaneous fat tissue, was markedly upregulated in LH compared with LN rats. 4. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that serum visfatin levels in LH rats are elevated and are associated with lipid metabolic abnormalities.
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PMID:Visfatin is associated with lipid metabolic abnormalities in Lyon hypertensive rats. 2045 20

Metabolic syndrome is a highly atherogenic state in which hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension cluster in one individual. Intra-abdominal visceral fat accumulation plays a key role in the development of these disorders and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. We have investigated adipocyte functions intensively in the past 10 years and have revealed that these cells act as endocrine cells secreting a variety of bioactive substances, termed adipocytokines. Among adipocytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor are produced in adipocytes as well as other organs and may contribute to the development of vascular diseases. Visfatin was identified recently as a visceral-fat-specific protein that might be involved in the development of obesity-related diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. In contrast to these adipocytokines, adiponectin, an adipose tissue-specific, collagen-like protein, has been noted as an important antiatherogenic and antidiabetic protein or as an anti-inflammatory protein. The functions of adipocytokine secretion might be regulated dynamically by nutritional state. Visceral fat accumulation causes dysregulation of adipocyte functions, including oversecretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and visfatin and hyposecretion of adiponectin simultaneously, which results in the development of a variety of metabolic and circulatory diseases. In this article, the importance of adipocytokines, focusing particularly on adiponectin, is discussed with respect to lifestyle-related diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:The metabolic syndrome and adipocytokines. 2047 50

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a most common multifactorial degenerative joint disease in elderly individuals. OA is affecting severely the quality of life of patients, while the causes of OA are not completely understood. Age, obesity, the female sex, and previous injury are considered as significant risk factors. Recently, increased levels of adipokines which are mainly produced by adipocytes have been detected in patients with osteoarthritis. Moreover, studies on different adipokines all reveal that they have played proinflammatory and catabolic/anabolic roles during the pathophysiology of OA. In the present review, we summarize current data on the effect of the adipose tissue-derived hormones leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin on initiation and progression of OA.
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PMID:The emerging role of adipokines in osteoarthritis: a narrative review. 2048 Feb 43


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