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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were undertaken to determine whether there is an association between elevated levels of intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) (Sf 12-60 lipoproteins) and coronary artery disease. Forty-five to sixty-five-year-old men with objectively documented coronary artery disease (n = 58) who were free of known risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hyperuricemia, and hypercholesterolemia) were compared with similar men who were free of coronary artery disease (n = 52). Smokers could not be excluded. The coronary artery disease group had a higher rate of cigarette smoking (NS, due to large variations); higher concentrations of triglycerides in their plasma (p = .003) and higher levels of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) (p = .007), IDL (p = .016), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (p = .04); as well as somewhat lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = .04). Chi-squared analysis demonstrated a strong association between coronary artery disease and IDL apolipoprotein (apo) B (p = .006), coronary artery disease and IDL triglyceride (p = .032), and coronary artery disease and IDL apo B times IDL triglyceride (p = .006) when the top quintile of the population was compared with the bottom quintile for each of these variables. Stepwise logistic regression analysis resulted in rejection of an association between coronary artery disease and HDL cholesterol, plasma triglyceride, VLDL triglyceride, or LDL triglyceride. However, it did show that coronary artery disease was most strongly associated with smoking and that the second strongest association was with IDL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The association of increased levels of intermediate-density lipoproteins with smoking and with coronary artery disease. 379 98

To determine the predictive risk factors of the severity of the coronary artery disease, the serum levels of lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein were measured in 103 patients undergoing coronary angiography examination for suspected myocardial ischemia. The extent and severity of the coronary artery disease (CAD) were assessed by assigning scores to each lesion. Twenty-six female patients (59 +/- 8 yrs.) showed a stronger relationship of apo B and apo A-I/B to the coronary scores than the 77 male patients (57 +/- 8 yrs.). The male patients were divided into four groups based on the coronary scores: H-CAD (range: over 11 points), M-CAD (5-10 points), L-CAD (1-4 points) and N-CAD (0 point). The atherogenic risk factors other than the abnormalities in lipid metabolism (obesity index, fasting plasma glucose, smoking and blood pressure) were well matched in the four groups. T.C., LDL-C., HDL-C., HDL2-C., apo B, apo A-I/B ratio and apo A-II/B ratio significantly differed in the H-CAD and N-CAD groups. These results indicate that T.C., LDL-C., HDL-C., HDL2-C., apo B, apo A-I/B ratio and apo A-II/B ratio are predictive risk factors of the coronary heart disease. Furthermore, apo B and apo A-I/B ratio significantly differed in the H-CAD and L-CAD groups. These results suggest that apo B and apo A-I/B ratio may be good discriminators of the severity of the coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Serum levels of lipids and apolipoproteins in angiographycally defined ischemic heart disease. 386 43

Obesity, insulin resistance (IR) with hyperinsulinemia, and a dyslipoproteinemia characterized by reduced high-density lipoprotein 2 (HDL2) cholesterol and elevated levels of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). The impact of obesity independent of hyperinsulinemia on the concentration and composition of small, dense LDL subfractions is uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity indices, namely body mass index (BMI), skinfold measurements (SF), and waist to hip ratio (WHR), and LDL-subfraction particle concentration and composition in 200 healthy men without evidence of IR. A precise analysis of the concentration of lipids and apolipoproteins and the composition of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and two HDL- and six LDL-subfraction particles was obtained using the technique of density-gradient ultracentrifugation. Dividing the individuals according to BMI showed that those with a BMI greater than 27 kg/m2 had significantly lower HDL2 cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and higher VLDL and IDL cholesterol and apo B concentrations than those with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2. Regarding LDL particles, we found that men with a BMI above 25 kg/m2 had significantly more small, dense LDL particles (d 1.044 to 1.063 g/mL) and correspondingly fewer medium, dense LDL particles (d 1.031 to 1.037 g/mL) than leaner men; those with a BMI above 27 kg/m2 had the highest concentration of circulating small, dense LDL particles. These findings were not influenced by fasting insulin concentrations, IR, or WHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationship between obesity and concentration and composition of low-density lipoprotein subfractions in normoinsulinemic men. 747 22

This study was designed to evaluate coagulation and fibrinolysis activity and their relationship with left ventricular function in young obese subjects with central fat distribution. We assessed coagulation and fibrinolysis activity by evaluation of factor VII activity, fibrinogen and plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), and tissue plasminogen activator antigen basally (tPA1) and after venous occlusion (tPA2). These measures were evaluated in young (< 40 years) obese subjects with central fat distribution (n = 19) and in comparable lean subjects (n = 20). Blood glucose, triglycerides, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A1 and apo B, fasting immunoreactive insulin, and lipoprotein(a) levels were also measured by current methods. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and peak filling rate (PFR) determined by radionuclide angiocardiography and left ventricular mass (LVM) and LVM indexed for body height (LVM/H) determined by echocardiographic study were calculated. Central obesity was evaluated by the waist to hip ratio (WHR) according to the criteria of the Italian Consensus Conference of Obesity. Factor VII (P < .001), fibrinogen (P < .001), plasminogen (P < .001), PAI activity (P < .001), tPA1 (P < .02), fasting blood glucose (P < .01), apo B (P < .02), and immunoreactive insulin (P < .01) were significantly higher in obese than in lean subjects. In contrast, HDL cholesterol (P < .01), tPA2 (P < .01), LVEF (P < .001), and PFR (P < .02) were significantly lower in obese than in lean subjects. In all subjects, WHR correlated directly with fibrinogen and inversely with tPA2; LVEF correlated inversely with tPA1, PAI, and fibrinogen; and PFR correlated inversely with factor VII activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hemostatic function in young subjects with central obesity: relationship with left ventricular function. 747 28

The association between hyperinsulinemia and atherogenic risk factors has not been well studied in blacks and may be different for obese versus lean individuals. To investigate this possibility and to confirm the associations of hyperinsulinemia with cardiovascular disease risk factors in blacks and whites, we analyzed the joint associations of fasting serum insulin and obesity with risk factors in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (1,293 black men, 4,797 white men, 2,033 black women, and 5,445 white women). Insulin values > or = 90th percentile (> or = 21 microU/mL) constituted hyperinsulinemia; body mass index (BMI) values > or = 27.3 kg/m2 for women and > or = 27.8 for men constituted obesity. Participants with hyperinsulinemia in all four race-sex groups had more atherogenic levels of most risk factors studied than those with normoinsulinemia. Among black men and women, mean levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) B, glucose, and fibrinogen (men only) were higher in hyperinsulinemic lean participants as compared with the normoinsulinemic obese group. Furthermore, most associations between insulin level and risk factors were stronger among lean versus obese subjects. For example, among lean black men, the difference in mean triglyceride concentration between those with hyperinsulinemia and those with normoinsulinemia was 147 - 99 = 48 mg/dL; among obese black men, the difference was 155 - 121 = 34 mg/dL (P < .05 for the interaction). Generally, similar negative interactions between BMI and insulin concentration were also observed among whites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fasting hyperinsulinemia and cardiovascular disease risk factors in nondiabetic adults: stronger associations in lean versus obese subjects. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators. 761 51

The type and degree of changes in the lipid transporting system of blood plasma and levels of hormonal provision of the regulatory processes in juvenile obesity of different degrees were under study. A single fat food loading was used to detect the precursors or latent forms of disorders in lipoprotein spectrum and their hormone regulators. A total of 35 obese patients aged 16 to 18 and 30 age-matched healthy youths were examined. Analysis of the baseline values showed increased levels of apolipoprotein B, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and reduced levels of apolipoprotein A1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese youths vs. controls. A atherogenic pattern of changes in the lipoprotein and apolipoprotein spectra of the plasma obese youths was clearly seen under conditions of fat food loading, these changes being associated with disordered insulin reaction to intake if exogenous fat. The examinees suffering from obesity a varying degree, mainly from the abdominal variant, presented with a complex of interrelated metabolic disorders (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipoproteinemias),--the metabolic X syndrome, this referring them to a group at risk of developing atherosclerosis, essential hypertension, diabetes mellitus irrespective of the degree of general obesity.
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PMID:[The lipid transport system and its hormonal regulators in youths suffering from obesity]. 774 31

The relationships between six body girths (shoulder, midarm, waist, hip, thigh, and calf) and cardiovascular risk factors (systolic and diastolic blood pressures and glucose, triglyceride, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein levels) were examined in 407 healthy Chinese urban workers in Taipei, Taiwan who were between 40 to 59 years old. Canonical correlation analysis revealed significant associations of upper body adiposity (shoulder, midarm, and waist girths) with cardiovascular risk factors in all subgroups assessed: men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. Waist girth and hip girth were consistent and important variables, and weighted in the opposite direction. Waist-hip ratio (WHR) was the best descriptor of centralized adiposity. Centralized fat distribution was positively associated with blood pressure and glucose, triglyceride, and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels, and negatively associated with high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apo A-I levels in this population. Body fat distribution had an effect independent of body mass index and accounted for some of the differences in triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, apo A-I, and apo B concentrations among men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. Our findings in a Chinese population are similar to data from other studies in Western populations, and are consistent with the hypothesis that centralized adiposity is related to cardiovascular risk factors independent of general obesity.
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PMID:Relationship of body fat distribution with cardiovascular risk factors in healthy Chinese. 780 97

Several lines of evidence suggest that a subset of women may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease because of unfavorable alterations in insulin action and/or production, accompanying altered apolipoprotein metabolism and altered androgenicity and/or estrogenicity. A number of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including central obesity, insulin resistance (with associated hyperinsulinemia), dyslipidemia, and/or diabetes mellitus, tend to cluster in these women. Another common ovarian morphology in women with hyperandrogenism is polycystic ovaries, which cluster with hirsutism, anovulation, infertility, gonadotropin secretion abnormalities, android fat distribution, and many important cardiovascular disease risk factors. Studies indicate that androgen excess may be a signal of increased risk for coronary artery disease, even in younger women. If androgenicity and insulin resistance are early warning signs of increasing risk of morbidity and mortality, these patients are prime candidates for preventive medicine. It is important that primary care providers begin to recognize these androgen disorders as a clue to the existence of a complex, lifelong pattern potentially placing women at risk for premature morbidity and mortality and initiate preventive treatment before irreversible thresholds are crossed.
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PMID:Obesity, lipids, cardiovascular risk, and androgen excess. 782 38

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 gene influences the associations described among obesity, regional adipose tissue distribution, and plasma lipoprotein levels. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 56 healthy men for whom we had extensive measurements of regional adipose tissue distribution (both anthropometric and computed tomography-derived measurements) and data on the plasma lipoprotein-lipid profile. DNA was extracted from white blood cells, and RFLP analysis was performed. Subjects were classified into two groups on the basis of their apoB-100 EcoRI genotype: subjects homozygous for the major 11-kb allele, the 11/11 group (n = 40), and subjects carrying the minor 13-kb allele, the 13/11 group (n = 16). Subjects carrying the 13-kb allele had lower percent body fat and abdominal adipose tissue accumulation than subjects homozygous for the 11-kb allele (P < .05). Although leaner, the 13/11 group did not show a more favorable plasma lipoprotein-lipid profile than the group homozygous for the 11-kb allele. In fact, after statistical control for the difference in percent body fat between the two genotype groups, the 13/11 group showed significantly higher plasma cholesterol levels (P < .05) and nearly significantly higher apoB levels than the 11/11 group (P = .06). The association patterns between indices of regional adiposity and plasma cholesterol and apoB levels were also different between the two EcoRI genotype groups. Only in the 13/11 group was the abdominal visceral adipose tissue area significantly associated with these plasma variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:ApoB-100 gene EcoRI polymorphism. Relations to plasma lipoprotein changes associated with abdominal visceral obesity. 790 36

Obesity frequently clusters with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease with hyperinsulinemia as syndrome X. Although central obesity has been recognized to have a strong genetic component, few candidate genes have been studied in this disorder. After a recently described association between the apolipoprotein-D (Apo-D) gene polymorphism and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by our group, we have now looked at a TaqI polymorphism of the Apo-D gene in two other components of syndrome X, namely obesity and hyperinsulinemia. Apo-D genotype differences were found between obese subjects (n = 57) and slim controls (n = 57; P = 0.006). Furthermore, in the obese group an association was found between the Apo-D genotype and fasting insulin (P < 0.001). Preliminary evidence, therefore, suggests that the TaqI Apo-D polymorphism can be used as a genetic marker for obesity and several components of syndrome X.
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PMID:Apolipoprotein-D polymorphism: a genetic marker for obesity and hyperinsulinemia. 791 35


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