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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypertriglyceridemia is frequently associated with obesity. In the general Caucasian population, an association of the uncommon S2 allele of a DNA polymorphism of the apolipoprotein (apo) A-I/C-III/A-IV gene cluster with hypertriglyceridemia has been reported. To assess the risk of hypertriglyceridemia associated with the S2 allele in obesity, lipid status and apo A-I/C-III/A-IV genotypes were studied in 90 unrelated Caucasian obese subjects. Age, body mass index, percentage body fat and waist-hip ratio were comparable between genotypes. The frequency of S1/S2 genotype was 35% in the hypertriglyceridemic group versus 11.4% in the normotriglyceridemic group (P < 0.05). The odds ratio of hypertriglyceridemia was 3.7 for obese subjects with the S2 allele and 26.7% of hypertriglyceridemias could be attributed to the S2 allele. Women with the S1/S2 genotype had also significantly higher VLDL- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. These results suggest that the S2 allele modulates the effects of obesity on lipoproteins and increases the risk of hypertriglyceridemia when obese.
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PMID:Association of a DNA polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A-I/C-III/A-IV gene cluster with hypertriglyceridemia in obese people. 133 44

Dietary intakes, anthropometric indices and plasma lipoprotein and alpha-tocopherol concentrations were measured in premenopausal vegetarian women of Indian descent (n = 22) and in white women of European descent consuming either mixed (n = 22) or vegetarian diets (n = 18). The Indian women were shorter in height than the white women and had a higher proportion of body fat. Energy intakes were lower in the Indian women, both in absolute terms and per kg body weight. The proportion of energy derived from saturated fatty acids was lower and that from polyunsaturated fatty acids was greater in both Indian and white vegetarians compared with the subjects on mixed diets. Intakes of dietary fibre and vitamins C and E were higher in the white vegetarians compared with the other groups. Plasma concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B and the ratio of apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein AI were lower and HDL and HDL2 cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol concentrations and the ratio of alpha-tocopherol/cholesterol were greater in the white vegetarian group than in the other groups. Total plasma cholesterol was associated with measures of truncal obesity, especially subscapular skinfold thickness and the percentage energy derived from saturated fatty acids. Plasma concentrations of apo(a) were higher and those of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were lower in the Indian vegetarian women compared with both groups of white women. No relationship could be found between apo(a), HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentration and nutrient intake but HDL and HDL2 were negatively associated with the proportion of body fat and apo(a) weakly with subscapular skinfold thickness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lipoprotein risk factors in vegetarian women of Indian descent are unrelated to dietary intake. 141 95

Cross-sectional analysis of four general representative populations of middle-aged adults in the United States in 1986-1989 provides estimates of the close relation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) to its major structural apolipoprotein (apolipoprotein A-I) and to fasting plasma triglyceride levels. HDL cholesterol differences of approximately 0.4 mg were associated with 1-mg differences in apolipoprotein A-I; differences of 20% in HDL cholesterol (reductions) were associated with triglyceride doublings. Variation in apolipoprotein A-I and triglyceride concentration together accounted for 66% of the population variance in HDL cholesterol. The uniformity of this pattern in the four race-sex groups studied suggests an important role of triglyceride-cholesterol transfer as a determinant of HDL cholesterol. The fundamental relations observed among HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, and triglycerides were unaltered by levels of factors under personal volition. The volitional factors appeared to influence HDL cholesterol indirectly: Obesity and physical activity were affected primarily through their associations with triglycerides, and alcohol use and smoking through associations with apolipoprotein A-I. The association of alcohol use with elevated HDL cholesterol was attenuated in persons with greater body mass.
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PMID:The relation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and its subfractions to apolipoprotein A-I and fasting triglycerides: the role of environmental factors. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. 144 18

Altered lipoprotein composition may be a better predictor of cardiovascular disease than modestly increased serum lipid concentrations, although possible interactions between lipoprotein composition, obesity, and insulinemia have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the association between different measures of insulinemia and lipoproteins in 297 healthy Caucasian men (body mass index [BMI] less than 27 in 233, greater than 27 [obese] in 64) and 295 healthy Caucasian women (BMI less than 25 in 198, greater than 25 [obese] in 97). Associations observed in both obese and nonobese men and women were between increasing tertiles of most insulin measures and serum triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.079-0.004) and the ratio of low density lipoprotein to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.094-0.008). Graded reductions in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I ratio were also recorded in obese women, with increasing tertiles of fasting (p = 0.014-0.007) and postglucose load (p = 0.001) serum insulin levels, after correcting for BMI and triglyceride concentrations. Less marked graded increases in the triglyceride to apolipoprotein B ratios were recorded in obese women with increasing tertiles of fasting (p = 0.001-0.006) and postglucose challenge (p = 0.081) insulinemic measures. In men with normal or slightly elevated cholesterol levels (fasting serum cholesterol less than 6.5 mmol/l), hyperapobetalipoproteinemia was recorded with increasing tertiles of insulinemia (p = 0.006, correcting for BMI and triglyceride concentrations), as well as in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (fasting serum triglycerides greater than 1.70 mmol/l) (p = 0.004, correcting for BMI and age). Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are associated with altered lipoprotein composition in obese women, presumably reflecting a complex interplay between sex hormones, body mass, and insulin action. Insulin resistance appears to be more associated with apolipoprotein B concentrations in men. The hyperinsulinemic nondiabetic subject may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease because of altered concentrations of apolipoprotein concentrations and lipoprotein composition.
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PMID:Relation between insulinemia, body mass index, and lipoprotein composition in healthy, nondiabetic men and women. 154 96

Obesity commonly accompanies hypertriglyceridemia, and weight reduction is widely recommended for treatment of elevated triglyceride levels. To determine whether weight reduction will normalize lipoprotein metabolism in overweight, hypertriglyceridemic patients, 10 such male patients underwent weight loss until their body weights were within the desirable range. After reestablishment of a steady state in body weight at the lower level, measurements were made of plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels and the kinetics of low density lipoprotein (LDL) apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B) and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I). The patients lost an average of 10.6 +/- 2.1 kg (mean +/- SEM). Plasma triglyceride concentrations fell from 431 +/- 42 mg/dl to 248 +/- 27 mg/dl (p less than 0.001), whereas concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total apo B, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were unchanged after weight loss. On average, the fractional catabolic rates (FCRs) for LDL were much higher in the patients after weight loss than in 16 normal control subjects (0.55 +/- 0.06 versus 0.31 +/- 0.06 pool/day), and input rates for LDL also were higher for hypertriglyceridemic patients after weight loss (22.2 +/- 2.4 versus 12.8 +/- 2.3 mg/kg.day). Compared with 20 normal control subjects, hypertriglyceridemic patients after weight reduction had persistent low HDL cholesterol levels (32 +/- 2 versus 54 +/- 3 mg/dl) as well as low apo A-I levels (99 +/- 5 versus 122 +/- 4 mg/dl).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Persistence of abnormalities in metabolism of apolipoproteins B-100 and A-I after weight reduction in patients with primary hypertriglyceridemia. 163 97

Several studies have demonstrated an association between variation in the apolipoprotein (apo) B gene, principally as detected by the XbaI and EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), and lipoprotein levels or cardiovascular disease. We have examined the frequency of the EcoRI and XbaI RFLPs of the apoB gene in 95 white Type 2 diabetic patients aged between 45 and 80 years in order to ascertain whether variation in this gene may be influencing the development of Type 2 diabetes and associated atherosclerosis through obesity. Neither of the two RFLPs had a significant association with clinically defined cardiovascular disease or with body mass index in our sample. However, while XbaI displayed no association with circulating levels of lipids, lipoproteins or apolipoproteins, the presence of the rare (R2) alele of EcoRI (absence of cutting site) was associated with significantly higher levels of circulating triglycerides. Furthermore, the EcoRI R2 allele was over-represented in the diabetic sample when compared to a healthy control group. Our findings support previous studies which have shown an effect of variation at the apoB gene on circulating lipid levels; additionally, variation in this gene may contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Variation in the apolipoprotein B gene and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. 168 48

Mexican-Americans represent the single largest component of the US Hispanic population and have been shown to bear a disproportionate burden of chronic disease. A representative sample of 1,004 Mexican-Americans aged 15-74 years from Starr County, Tex., was recruited for this study. Each subject was provided a detailed physical evaluation that included measurement of fasting levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and its subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3) alpha- and beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E were determined for approximately 550 of these individuals. Age- and sex-specific mean levels and percentile cut points are presented. The distributions of lipoproteins are quite similar to those of the general population except for consistently higher triglycerides in males and females and lower HDL cholesterol levels in females. These findings are consistent with the high frequency of obesity. Comparative age- and sex-specific data for the apolipoproteins are not widely available. Where such data exist, apolipoprotein levels observed in the Mexican-American population tend to be similar to or lower than the comparative data.
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PMID:Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels among Mexican-Americans in Starr County, Texas. 198 89

Serum levels of total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoproteins A1 and B were measured in over 600 men and women aged 30-69 years who were selected at random from an Australian community. Total cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 and B levels increased with age, with this effect being most pronounced for total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in women. Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were positively correlated with apolipoprotein B and total cholesterol levels, and negatively correlated with apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol levels. All lipid and apolipoprotein A1 levels increased with the quantity of alcohol consumed. After adjusting for age, body mass index and smoking, the association with alcohol was strongest for apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol levels in men (P = 0.0001), and for apolipoprotein A1 levels in women (P = 0.01). Levels of apolipoprotein A1 and HDL cholesterol were lower, and of apolipoprotein B and total cholesterol were higher, in current cigarette smokers than non-smokers, with significant associations for apolipoprotein B (P = 0.004) and HDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.04) in men. In general, the associations between apolipoprotein A1 levels and the other variables were weaker than those for HDL cholesterol levels, whereas the associations with apolipoprotein B levels were stronger than those for total cholesterol levels (except for alcohol consumption). Thus, obesity, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking should be considered when interpreting apolipoprotein levels.
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PMID:Lipid and apolipoprotein levels in an Australian community. 198 87

The apolipoprotein (apo) A-I:B ratio and the apo B concentration were determined by radial immunodiffusion in dried blood spot samples from 1,767 10- and 11-year-old children. Children with either apo A-I:B ratios below the first percentile or apo B levels above the 99th were recalled and plasma lipid and apolipoprotein profiles were determined for both children and parents. Of 17 children (one family was lost to follow-up) recalled due to abnormal apo A-I:B ratios, apo B levels were above the 95th percentile in 13 children, and of 18 children with abnormal apo B screening levels (three of them also had abnormal apo A-I:B ratios), the plasma apo B level was elevated in 13 children. The 23 children with abnormal blood lipid and/or apolipoprotein concentrations were divided into two main groups: (a) children with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia and (b) children with hyperapo B lipoproteinemia (hyperapo B) and normal blood lipid levels. Twelve children had the type IIa pattern. Five children likely had familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), the other seven children may have hypercholesterolemia due to obesity or environmental factors. Eleven children had the hyperapo B abnormality. In four children, the elevated apo B level probably was an indication of the occurrence of familial combined hypercholesterolemia (FCH) in the family. Of the remaining seven hyperapo B children, three children also had a parent with hyperapo B and a fourth family suffered from obesity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Apolipoprotein A-I:B ratio and B screening: a preliminary study of 10- and 11-year-old children. 210 20

The serum lipid profile of a cohort of Hong Kong Chinese subjects living in the community (160 men, 154 women, mean age 70.2 +/- 11.4 years) was examined to determine the influence of age, sex, indices of obesity, drugs, smoking, alcohol intake, and presence of diabetes mellitus on serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations. A high waist/hip ratio (an index of central obesity) was associated with higher serum triglyceride and lower apolipoprotein (apo) A-I concentrations, while a higher body mass index was associated with lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and higher apo B concentrations. Smokers and those taking beta-blockers had lower apo A-I concentrations. Subjects on methyldopa had higher triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, with lower HDL and HDL2 cholesterol. All the HDL fractions were lower in diabetic subjects, and cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations correlated with indices of glycemic control.
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PMID:Serum lipid profile in an elderly Chinese population. 212 90


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