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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the hypothesis that insulin resistance plays a role in the etiology of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, we measured serum lipid levels, the fasting glucose/insulin ratio, and the insulin response to oral glucose (GTT) in a group of young obese subjects (n = 21) with hypertension and normal glucose tolerance and in normotensive subjects (n = 36) with normal glucose tolerance, matched for age and body mass index. Leisure time physical activity was evaluated by a questionnaire outlining three levels of physical activities during leisure time. Subjects with hypertension had higher fasting serum insulin (19 +/- 2 v 13 +/- 1 microU/mL, P < .01) and lower fasting glucose/insulin ratio (5.3 +/- 0.2 v 7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/dL/microU/mL, P < .01) than normotensive subjects. Subjects with hypertension had higher peak serum insulin and lower plasma glucose area/insulin area ratio in response to glucose (1.8 +/- 0.2 v 2.4 +/- 0.2 mg/dL/microU/mL, P < .05) than normotensive subjects. Serum total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, and triglycerides were higher in the obese hypertensive subjects than in obese normotensive ones. Blood pressure correlated with either fasting serum insulin, fasting glucose/insulin ratio, or glucose area/insulin area ratio during GTT. The level of leisure time physical activities was lower in obese hypertensive subjects than in obese normotensive ones. There were significant correlations between the levels of physical activity and the fasting plasma glucose/insulin ratio (r = 0.371, P < .01) or the fasting serum insulin concentration (r = -0.282, P < .05). The study provided evidence that a low level of leisure time physical activity is associated with insulin resistance and resultant hyperinsulinemia, which are the key metabolic abnormalities that link hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia in young subjects.
Am J Hypertens 1992 Dec
PMID:Leisure time physical activity and insulin resistance in young obese students with hypertension. 128 41

The relation between the abdominal accumulation of body fat, total-body adiposity, and blood glucose level and the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was evaluated prospectively among 1,972 male participants in the Department of Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study cohort. The risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was assessed by means of the proportional hazards model; 226 cases of diabetes occurred among the 1,972 men (mean age at entry, 41.9 years; range, 22-80 years) over 35,496 person-years of observation. The relation of body mass index to diabetes risk was partly explained by body fat distribution; after adjusting for age, the ratio of abdominal circumference to hip breadth, and cigarette smoking, men in the top tertile for body mass index had a 1.3-fold greater risk of diabetes than did men in the lowest tertile (95% confidence interval 0.9-1.8). Moreover, after adjusting for age, body mass index, and cigarette smoking, men in the top tertile for the ratio of abdominal circumference to hip breadth had a 2.4-fold greater risk of diabetes than did men in the lowest tertile (95% confidence interval 1.7-3.7). When blood glucose was analyzed as a continuous outcome variable, the findings were consistent, i.e., a positive association with abdominal fat independent of total-body adiposity. These results confirm previous reports of a prospective relation between abdominal adiposity and the risk of diabetes and provide prospective evidence of a relation between blood glucose levels and both body fat distribution and obesity.
Am J Epidemiol 1992 Dec 15
PMID:Obesity and body fat distribution in relation to the incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A prospective cohort study of men in the normative aging study. 128 77

Countries of the English-speaking Caribbean are in epidemiological transition. Following 30 years of socioeconomic change, obesity and chronic diseases have almost replaced malnutrition and infectious diseases as major health problems. Major risk factors for this modern epidemic are lifestyle-related. Project Lifestyle seeks to develop positive health lifestyles in schoolchildren gradually, sequentially, and systematically from grades 1-12 and throughout the school system on the island of Antigua. The four health habits addressed include weighing right, eating right, doing daily physical exercise, and having a positive self-concept. Since risk interventions with schoolchildren have produced positive results in several developed countries, this project developed an intervention methodology in the Caribbean context.
J Sch Health 1992 Dec
PMID:Project lifestyle: developing positive health lifestyles for schoolchildren in Antigua. 128 54

A nine-year review of 103 cases of shoulder dystocia identified obesity, diabetes mellitus and post-datism as important predisposing risk factors. There was a positive correlation with birthweight. Abnormal labour patterns were invariably absent and perinatal outcome was disastrous. The best strategy is to anticipate and avoid this obstetrical emergency.
West Indian Med J 1992 Dec
PMID:Shoulder dystocia: an obstetrical nightmare. 129 Feb 37

A 52-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for further examination of central obesity, hypertension and hirsutism suggesting Cushing's syndrome. Hirsutism had been remarkable for two years, and muscle weakness of the lower extremities gradually developed during the past year. CT scan revealed a tumor in the left adrenal gland which was 1 cm in diameter, round, well-circumscribed, homogeneous and not enhanced. Endocrine data disclosed increased urinary 17-OHCS (11.5-16.4 mg/day) and elevated plasma ACTH (125 pg/ml) and cortisol (19 micrograms/dl) with a lack of diurnal rhythm. Administration of the single-dose dexamethasone (1mg) did not suppress plasma cortisol. However, consecutive administration of either 2mg or 8mg of dexamethasone for 2 days suppressed both plasma cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS. Administration of metyrapone raised both urinary 17-OHCS and plasma ACTH levels. Rapid ACTH test resulted in a hyperresponse of plasma cortisol. CRF injection raised plasma ACTH and cortisol. Bilateral adrenal glands were well demonstrated by 19-iodocholesterol (I-131) scintigraphy during the administration of dexamethasone. MRI with Gd-contrast revealed a microadenoma in the sella turcica. With the diagnosis of Cushing's disease, the microadenoma was removed by the transsphenoidal approach and adrenal function was normalized. However, the left adrenal tumor remained on CT scan but was not demonstrated by scintigraphy. These findings indicate that this is a very rare case of Cushing's disease which was associated with an unilateral non-functioning adrenal tumor.
Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 1992 Dec 20
PMID:[A case of Cushing's disease associated with a non-functioning adrenal tumor]. 129 36

BACKGROUND TO DATA REVIEW: Epidemiologic surveys have demonstrated that hypertension is associated with obesity in a substantial proportion of cases, particularly in young and middle-aged adults. Despite the clinical importance of this association the nature of the relationship between body weight and blood pressure remains obscure. CONCLUSION OF DATA REVIEW: The data reviewed here indicate that obesity-related hypertension involves insulin and the sympathetic nervous system, and may be part of a metabolic adaptation to the obese state.
J Hypertens Suppl 1992 Dec
PMID:Obesity and hypertension: experimental data. 129 54

The introduction of two-dimensional echocardiography (echo 2D) complemented by doppler techniques has allowed to assess the dynamic function of the heart. However in 10-15% patients the standard transthoracic method (TEE) does not provide complete echocardiographic image due to obesity, emphysema and deformations of thorax. These difficulties have been later overcome by transesophageal probe, but it made the examination possible only in one plane-monoplane TEE (m-TEE). Transesophageal echocardiography the biplane probe (bi-TEE), introduced in late 80s has permitted the heart and aorta visualization in two perpendicular planes: transverse (T) and longitudinal (L). The purpose of our study was to establish the diagnostic value of biplane transesophageal echocardiography in comparison with hitherto existing monoplane echocardiography (transverse plane). The study group consists of 60 patients (aged 19-78 years) with various diseases of heart and aorta. We performed biplane transesophageal examinations with the use of Aloka SSD-870 echocardiograph connected with the biplane probe (45 patients) or new, prototypical matrix probe (15 patients). For the heart and aorta assessment the typical projections were used. The advantages of biplane TEE compared with monoplane TEE are as follows: 1) more favorable left ventricular examination, 2) better assessment of the heart apex, 3) the ability to investigate the right heart; tricuspid valve, right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk and right pulmonary artery, 4) precise imaging of both atrial' structures: cavities, intraatrial septum, foramen ovale, left atrial appendage, venae cavae and pulmonary veins, 5) possibility of thoracic aorta diagnostics, especially in ascending aorta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kardiol Pol 1992 Dec
PMID:[Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (clinical value)]. 129 48

We examined the associations of sociodemographic variables, health behaviors, health status and psychological well being with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and self-reported knee pain for 4056 US adults aged 45-74 years. Among persons with or without knee OA known correlates of radiographic knee OA (age, sex, race, obesity) were generally not associated with knee pain. Radiographic severity, psychological well being and health status were associated with knee pain, both among persons with and without radiographic knee OA, suggesting that nonradiographic correlates of self-reported knee pain are independent of whether a person has radiographic knee OA.
J Rheumatol 1992 Dec
PMID:Correlates of knee pain among US adults with and without radiographic knee osteoarthritis. 129 44

To investigate the characteristics of interval breast cancer in mass screening, comparisons were made of the following three groups: interval group (21 interval breast cancer cases), mass screening group (87 breast cancer cases detected by mass screening) and outpatient group (266 breast cancer cases diagnosed at outpatient clinics). There were no differences among the three groups in terms of the case distribution by age or obesity, but significant differences in the case distribution according to nodal involvement and tumor size. Histological grading of the malignancy of the primary tumors disclosed that the incidence of breast cancer showing frequent mitoses was high in the interval group compared to the mass screening and outpatient groups. The 7-year cumulative disease-free survival rate was 75.3% in the interval group, 90.0% in the mass screening group and 83.1% in the outpatient group. The mean tumor size of the interval cases at the time of mass screening, back-calculated on the basis of the estimated tumor doubling time, was 1.5 cm in diameter, smaller than that of the mass screening group. It is surmised that interval breast cancer is characterized by marked proliferation of the tumor cells and has a poorer prognosis than the other group cases. These findings might be due to the marked proliferation of interval breast cancer rather than because of cases having been overlooked at the time of the last screening.
Tokushima J Exp Med 1992 Dec
PMID:The characteristics of interval breast cancer in mass screening. 129 27

Differential temperature measurement between interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT, Tbat), rectum (Trect) and a subcutaneous point in the back left of the vertebral column (Tsc) was useful for examination of BAT-thermogenesis in glutamate-induced obese Wistar-rats. Positive temperature gradients Tbat-Tsc pointed to a basal BAT-thermogenesis, whereas negative temperature gradients Tbat-Trect did not indicate that heat production in lean and obese rats. One may conclude from this, that inclusion of subcutaneous points outside the BAT improves sensitivity of differential temperature measurements for BAT-thermogenesis. Basal temperatures Tbat, Trect and Tsc were reduced in obese rats compared to lean rats, although thermoinsulation of obese rats is improved on account of their high fat content. This points to a diminished heat production in obese rats. Cold exposure at 4 degrees C elicited an increase of temperature gradients Tbat-Trect in lean as well as in obese rats, with positive values found only in lean rats. However, positive values Tbat-Tsc were calculated for both groups. Increases were noted only in lean rats. Injection of noradrenaline (0.5 mg/kg i.m.) was followed by positive temperature gradients Tbat-Trect and increased positive values for Tbat-Tsc, pointing to a remarkable activation of BAT-thermogenesis in lean and obese rats. These findings confirm, that glutamate-induced obese rats preserved the ability to activate BAT-thermogenesis. There were, however, hints of reduced heat production in BAT of obese rats, thus contributing to obesity despite normophagia.
J Exp Anim Sci 1992 Dec
PMID:Examination of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis of glutamate-induced obese rats by differential temperature measurements. 129 79


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