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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nisbett's (1972) model of obesity implies that individual differences in relative deprivation (relative to set-point weight) within obese and normal weight groups should produce corresponding within-group differences in eating behavior. Normal weight subjects were separated into hypothetically deprived (high restraint) and non-deprived (low restraint) groups. The expectation that high restraint subjects' intake would vary directly with preload size while low restraint subjects would eat in inverse proportion to preload size, was confirmed. It was concluded that relative deprivation rather than obesity per se may be the cirtical determinant of individual differences in eating behavior. Consideration was given to the concept of "restraint" as an important behavioral mechanism affecting the expression of physiologically-based hungar.
J Pers 1975 Dec
PMID:Restrained and unrestrained eating. 120 53

The relationship between body-build factors and the severity of coronary and aortic atherosclerosis was estimated in a series of 193 men, aged 25 years or over, who had died of violent causes. Overweight showed a significant correlation with the extent of coronary and aortic fatty streaks but not with the extent of coronary or aortic raised lesions or calcifications. The stenosis score, which expressed the degree of obstruction in the coronary arterial tree, showed a slight tendency to a positive correlation with the degree of obesity but the finding was not consistent. Nor correlation was found between the sturdiness factor of body-build and the severity of atherosclerosis. The muscularity factor showed a significant correlation with the extent of coronary and aortic fatty streaks and an inverse correlation with aortic calcifcations.
Ann Clin Res 1975 Dec
PMID:Coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in relation to body-build factors. 121 55

1. In obese patients with normal glucose tolerance the norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in vivo was significantly higher as compared with a non-obese group. This was observed both during weight-related and constant norepinephrine infusion. 2. In the obese group a discordant release of free fatty acids and glycerol and a significantly lower quotient of FFA/Glycerol than in the controls was found. It is supposed that in obesity the re-esterification of FFA is increased.
Endokrinologie 1975 Dec
PMID:[Studies on lipid mobilization in obesity without glucose intolerance. 1st communication. Noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis]. 121 97

This study examines the effects of cue salience and palatability (water temperature) on the water drinking of obese and normal subjects. Obese subjects drink more than do normal subjects when the water cue is prominent but do not do so when this cue is remote. Palatability does not differentially affect the drinking behavior of obese and normal subjects. These results support the extension to nonfood stimuli of the hypothesis of the hyperreactivity of the obese to prominent cues.
J Pers Soc Psychol 1975 Dec
PMID:Effects of cue prominence and palatability on the drinking behavior of obese and normal humans. 121 13

The intraocular and systemic blood pressure, height, weight, and haemoglobin were measured in 573 subjects over 60 years old from a general practice population. Intraocular pressure was positively and independently related to systemic blood pressure (P less than 0.0001) and obesity (P less than 0.01) as assessed by the ponderal index. Systolic pressure rather than diastolic or mean pressure was most closely correlated with intraocular pressure and it is suggested that the systolic head of pressure increases the filtrated fraction of aqueous humour to cause a small but sustained rise in intraocular pressure. It is also suggested that obesity may decrease the facility of aqueous outflow.
Br J Ophthalmol 1975 Dec
PMID:Intraocular pressure and systemic blood pressure in the elderly. 121 83

The effects of low-mineral content water (Adelholzener Primus-Quelle) in 62 patients were studied of which 14 were hypertonic. Changes of blood sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate were not observed in either group. In the hypertonic patients, blood pressure decreased from a mean systolic value of 168 to 140 mmHg and mean distolic pressure from 105 to 88 mmHg. Observations to date suggest the following indications for a low-mineral content water diet: 1. hypertension, 2. renal insufficiency in stages of compensated and decompensated retention, especially in cases with high serum potassium levels, 3. in the initial therapy of diabetes, gout and obesity; patients with a high water demand should be treated with low-mineral content water until the optimal intake of electrolytes is established.
Fortschr Med 1975 Dec 18
PMID:[Effects of water with a low mineral content on serum electrolytes and blood pressure]. 122 36

Fenfluramine is a recently introduced anorexigenic drug for the treatment of obesity. 5 cases of hypertension induced or aggravated by fenfluramine are described. They include 4 females and one male seen and followed in the Hypertension Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Even though there was loss of weight while they were on fenfluramine there was a rise in blood pressure in 4 of them despite concurrent therapy with antihypertensive agents. In one female patient the rise in blood pressure occurred while on self-medication with the drug alone. In all of them the blood pressure fell when fenfluramine was stopped. Although there have been many reports of the effectiveness in the treatment of obesity, reports of its adverse reactions have been few and there has been no mention of hypertension. The drug brochure warns that hypotension may even occur. In view of the present case reports it is advisable that those who are on fenfluramine should have their blood pressure checked regularly particularly if they are also known to be hypertensive.
West Afr J Pharmacol Drug Res 1975 Dec
PMID:Fenfluramine-associated hypertension. 123 23

Appetite, energy balance and body weight gain are modulated by diverse neurochemical and neuroendocrine signals from different organs in the body and diverse regions in the brain. The hypothalamus plays an important integrative function in this process, acting through a variety of systems that involve a close interaction between nutrients, amines, neuropeptides and hormones. These systems underlie normal nutrient intake and metabolism and are thought to be responsible for shifts in feeding behavior across the circadian cycle and fluctuations relating to gender and age in both rats and humans. Moreover, alterations in these normal neurochemical-neuroendocrine systems may be associated with abnormal eating patterns, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia and obesity. Understanding the systems that control eating behavior might provide a foundation for the treatment and possible prevention of such disorders.
Trends Neurosci 1992 Dec
PMID:Neurochemical-neuroendocrine systems in the brain controlling macronutrient intake and metabolism. 128 49

We investigated a family in which at least 4 men in 3 generations had a syndrome of obesity, mild mental retardation, delayed puberty, macroorchidism, acanthosis nigricans, hyperinsulinemia, and later overt insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM). The patients have markedly curly scalp hair, deficient face and body hair. Their teeth were healthy and normal in size and position. The clinical and biochemical findings and characteristics of the insulin receptors investigated in fibroblasts are reported. There was normal insulin binding to fibroblasts in the 2 brothers and their father. However, insulin-stimulated RNA synthesis was decreased as compared to that of normal control individuals. These findings suggest a postbinding defect of insulin action. The pedigree documents an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The diagnosis is of practical importance since it enables medical supervision of gene carriers in a preclinical state of atherosclerotic complications and overt diabetes. The findings in this family have relevance also to the explanation of familial mild mental retardation and to the study of different forms of insulin resistance due to a disturbance in biosignal transfer.
Am J Med Genet 1992 Dec 01
PMID:Autosomal dominant insulin resistance syndrome due to postbinding defect. 128 80

Blood samples from 9,215 blood donors in three U.K. centres (North London, Bristol and Manchester) were tested for their alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and the presence of anti-HBc and anti-HCV. This paper presents the results of the ALT and anti-HBc tests. The prevalence of ALT > 45 IU/l was 3.1% overall (North London 3.06%, Bristol 4.56% and Manchester 1.97%). Manchester results were skewed by the methodology used for ALT measurement, highlighting the need for standard test methods. Anti-HBc was detected using the Wellcome enzyme-immunosorbent assay (EIA) and confirmatory testing was performed using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the Corecell haemagglutination assay. Repeat reactive rates were 0.9, 0.79 and 0.94% for North London, Bristol and Manchester, respectively, with an overall rate of 0.9%. The confirmed positive rate was 0.73, 0.53 and 0.65% for the three centres with an overall rate of 0.63%. Donors with an ALT > 45 IU/l, or with confirmed anti-HBc, were interviewed with a medical questionnaire for risk factors. The major contributing factors in donors with a raised ALT were alcohol consumption and obesity.
Transfus Med 1992 Dec
PMID:U.K. multicentre study on blood donors for surrogate markers of non-A non-B hepatitis. Part I: Alanine transferase and anti-HBc testing. 128 43


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