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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One case of re-operation in a patient who previously underwent a jejunoileal by-pass for obesity is described. The serious complications following first surgery are shown. Reasons for re-operation and special pre- and post-operative care are considered.
Chir Ital 1978 Dec
PMID:[Causes and methods of re-operation in a patient with a jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity]. 75 43

Recently in Japan, it has been observed that the physical dimensions of schoolboys and schoolgirls, specifically stature and body weight, are increasing year by year, and that spurts in increase in dimensions tend to happen earlier. The phenomena of accelerated growth are resulting in more obesity and leanness in childhood. Skinfold thickness, body density, body fat and lean body mass estimated from body density, creatinine excretion in the 24-hour urine, and muscular volume calculated from creatinine excretion were studied in obese children and normal children of 10 and 11 years of age, and the difference in the skinfold thickness by sec, age, and district in school children in five districts in southern Kyushu (1,002 boys and 931 girls) were examined. Reference was then made to the skinfold thickness of some of experienced and new sumo wrestlers of the Japan Professional Sumo Association whose nutrition intake is high and who show high ratios of diabetes mellitus and cardiac diseases. The results of the present study were also compared with the results of skinfold thickness measurements of children in Ghana and Kenya and those of the skinfold thickness and body composition measurements of Czechoslovakian children.
J Hum Ergol (Tokyo) 1978 Dec
PMID:On the body composition of obese children and in particular, sexual, age, and regional differences of skinfold thickness. 75 44

Intracranial injections of 6-OHDA were used to destroy the following brain areas of male geese: bilateral VMH-mamillary (BL-VMH), unilateral VMH (UL-VMH), septal area, and bilateral hypothalamic areas located dorsal, lateral, caudal and rostral to the VMH. The brain damage was nonspecific, destroying cell bodies as well as axons. The effects of these lesions were determined on food intake, body weight, abdominal adipose tissue, liver weight and fat content, and on selected endocrine gland weights. The highest food intake, obesity and liver weight and its fat content were exhibited by the BL-VMH lesioned geese. The UL-VMH and the septal lesioned geese showed moderate increase in food intake, which eventually decreased in the UL-VMH but remained constant in the septal lesioned ones. The liver fat content of the latter groups of geese was higher than the controls. No differences were found between the controls and the group of geese lesioned in the various hypothalamic areas - excluding the VMH - in all parameters measured. While no significant differences were found in pituitary, thyroid and adrenal weights among all groups of geese, a decrease in testes weight was noted in the lesioned groups of geese as compared to the controls. The interrelationships between body weight, food intake, adiposity and liver weight are discussed.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1976 Dec
PMID:Involvement of the medial hypothalamus and the septal area in the control of food intake and body weight in geese. 79 13

A population sample of 142 men and 148 women aged 40-69 was drawn in Chittenden County, Vermont, and studied for interrelationships among several parameters of obesity, fasting serum cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin concentrations, and 2-hour post-Glucola glucose and insulin concentrations. No significant sex differences were observed with regard to mean fasting concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, or triglyceride. Post-Glucola insulin concentrations were higher in women, particularly in the older age groups. Positive correlations were observed between mean log fasting insulin concentration and all parameters of obesity except log triceps skinfold thickness in men. In addition, a positive correlation was present between mean log fasting insulin and fasting triglycerides. There was a positive correlation between fasting triglycerides and ponderal index and estimated percent body fat. Fasting triglycerides correlated with percent ideal weight in women but not in men and with log subscapular skinfold thickness in men but not in women. There was no correlation with either log triceps skinfold thickness or with combined triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness in either men or women. No positive correlations were observed with regard to serum cholesterol. The measurement of glucose and insulin concentrations 2 hours post-Glucola or the calculation of insulin-to-glucose ratios did not provide additional correlations to those observed from the fasting data alone and in some instances correlations which existed in the fasting state were largely obscured following carbohydrate administration.
Am J Clin Nutr 1975 Dec
PMID:Interrelationships of insulin, glucose, lipid and anthropometric data in a natural population. 80 62

This report is based on 13,231 tenth-grade students who participated in the Chicago Heart Association Pediatric Heart Screening Project. The blood pressures of these fifteen and sixteen-year-olds were analyzed with respect to sex, race, adiposity, pulse rate, and father's educational attainment. The mean systolic blood pressure was higher in boys than girls by nearly 5 mm Hg, but mean diastolic blood pressure was lower by less than 1 mm Hg. Black tenth-graders had higher mean diastolic blood pressure than whites; the difference in systolic blood pressure was not statistically significant. Adiposity and resting pulse rate were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure and, to a lesser degree, with diastolic blood pressure. After taking adiposity and pulse rate into account, father's educational attainment had a small but statistically significant negative association with diastolic blood pressure in white but not in black students. Nearly 5 percent of students were recalled for a second test because the initial screening blood pressures equaled or exceeded 150 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic, and almost half of students at the recall examination continued to have pressures of 145/85 or greater.
Circulation 1976 Dec
PMID:Blood pressure in tenth-grade students: results from the Chicago Heart Association Pediatric Heart Screening Project. 99 17

This study examined the relationship between receptor binding of insulin in a metabolically significant target tissue in vitro and sensitivity to insulin in vivo in obese human subjects. Specific insulin binding was measured at 24 degrees C in isolated enlarged fat cells obtained from 16 patients, by observing the effect of increasing concentrations of unlabeled insulin on the binding of [125I]insulin. Scratchard plots of the binding data were curvilinear with an upward concavity, similarity shaped, and essentially parallel. Kinetic studies on the dissociation of [125I]insulin from fat cells indicated that these curvilinear Scratchard plots could be explained by the presence of site:site interactions of the negative cooperative type. Differences in binding between individual patients were predominantly due to differences in the numbers of receptor sites whether expressed in relation to cell number, cell volume, or cell surface area. These findings were not accounted for by differences in [125I]insulin degradation. Acute exposure of adipose tissue to insulin in vitro had no significant effect on [125I]insulin binding to isolated cells. The number of receptor sites was directly correlated with insulin sensitivity in vivo, measured as the rate constant (Kitt) for the fall in blood glucose after intravenous insulin, and was inversely correlated with the level of fasting plasma insulin. These findings corroborate those from other studies using human mononuclear leukocytes and various tissues from the obese mouse, which indicate that decreased insulin binding is a characteristic feature of insulin resistance in obesity.
J Clin Invest 1976 Dec
PMID:Correlation between insulin receptor binding in isolated fat cells and insulin sensitivity in obese human subjects. 99 52

The development of obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, was examined in obese-hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice, their lean littermates, and homozygous lean mice (+/+) between 17 days and 8 wk of age. By 4 wk of age ob/ob mice displayed many of the metabolic characteristics that are typical of the syndrome in adult animals, including elevated systemic insulin and glucose levels, increased body weight, obesity, reduced skeletal growth, and in vivo evidence of insulin resistance. In addition, 4-wk-old lean littermates of obese mice had greater body weights, increased per cent carcass lipid, and higher insulin levels than did +/+ mice of the same age that were raised under identical conditions. At 17 or 21 days of age ob/ob mice, defined by either (1) elevated carcass fat content when compared to littermates at time of killing or (2) by phenotypic expression of obesity at 6 wk of age, exhibited moderate hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemia, reduced skeletal growth, and "obesity", as expressed by the Lee index. The present results indicate that altered pancreatic beta-cell function, obesity, and abnormalities of somatic growth all precede the onset of hyperglycemia and insulin "resistance" in ob/ob mice. Furthermore, the occurrence of these characteristics before 17 days of age suggests that the transition to laboratory diet is not essential for the expression of the ob mutation. The present data also support recent studies that have described a small but reliable effect of the ob gene on the metabolism of heterozygous lean mice.
Metabolism 1976 Dec
PMID:The development of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice. 99 38

Administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to KK mice during the neonatal period resulted in a syndrome of obesity, stunting and hypogonadism. In some animals the genetic predisposition to diabetes was unmasked with the development of marked hyperglycaemia and or hyperinsulinaemia. Food intake was not increased compared to controls. The elevated plasma glucose and insulin in fed MSG treated mice fell rapidly with food deprivation. Glucose disposal was comparable in MSG treated and control mice after IP glucose, but after oral glucose MSG treated mice showed impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin secretion was defective in MSG treated mice after IP but not after oral glucose.
Diabetologia 1976 Dec
PMID:Effects of monosodium glutamate administration in the neonatal period on the diabetic syndrome in KK mice. 100 51

Obesity is variably considered to be a major contributor to hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and its treatment is recommended in the management of coronary heart disease. Total body fat was measured by tritium dilution in a large male population and its relationship to age, blood pressure, serum lipids, uric acid and the diagnoses of coronary heart disease, hypertension and glucose intolerance was examined. In addition, three commonly used weight: height indices of obesity were correlated with each of these parameters. The correlation of body fat with blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triglycerides, although statistically significant, was of only small magnitude. Mean levels of body fat were not significantly different between patients with coronary disease and control subjects, whereas serum cholesterol and, to a lesser extent, systolic blood pressure were potent risk factors for the disease. It is concluded that obesity is only a minor determinant of blood pressure and lipid level, and that its contribution to coronary heart disease is small or nonexistent.
Am J Med 1976 Dec
PMID:Body fat: its relationship to coronary heart disease, blood pressure, lipids and other risk factors measured in a large male population. 100 68

Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is occasionally encountered in young persons who lack any other evidence of overt cardiac disease (Hiss and Lamb, 1962; Lancaster, Schechter, and Massing, 1972). The block may be complete or incomplete, the latter being more common. Right bundle branch block has been studied in relation to body weight, obesity, serum cholesterol and glucose levels, and blood pressure, but the results have been negative (Ostrander, 1964; Kannel et al., 1962). Data presented here suggest that incomplete RBBB is related to vital capacity.
Br J Prev Soc Med 1976 Dec
PMID:Incomplete right bundle branch block and vital capacity. 100 78


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