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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nutritional status of black and Hispanic mothers living in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, New York, was evaluated, using three-day dietary recall, a questionnaire on food buying and preparation techniques, and anthropometric measurements. Mean nutrient intake of both groups was considerably lower than the 1974 Recommended Dietary Allowances for all nutrients studied except protein, ascorbic acid, and phosphorus. Body weight and triceps skinfold values for both groups were higher than standard, suggesting obesity. Reasons for these findings are discussed with emphasis on the importance of nutrition education.
J Am Diet Assoc 1979 Dec
PMID:Nutritive intake of black and Hispanic mothers in a Brooklyn ghetto. 51 76

The records of 2,671 pregnancies were reviewed regarding maternal obesity, excessive weight gain in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is significantly more frequent in maternal obesity. Correlation between excessive weight gain in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia is only found for the signs of edema and hypertension. Edema and excessive weight gain in pregnancy are related to each other, since edema frequently induces the excessive weight gain. Overall, maternal obesity perior to pregnancy is much more important in the development of pre-eclampsia than excessive weight gain during pregnancy.
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1979 Dec
PMID:[The relationship of maternal obesity, excessive weight gain in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia]. 52 Jul 90

Adult male rats were made obese either by tube feeding varying fractions (34%, 47%, 68% or 75%) of their normal food intake or by offering them a varied and palatable diet (cafeteria diet). After 17--30 days of these regimens, the treatments were withdrawn, and the animals were allowed free access to the normal stock diet. Tube-fed animals precisely adjusted voluntary food intake to compensate for the energy delivered by tube but nevertheless became obese as a result of an increased metabolic efficiency. Cafeteria-fed rats were hyperphagic and became obese without any apparent change in metabolic efficiency. Recovery from obesity was more rapid in the cafeteria animals and was due to a pronounced increase in heat production as well as concomitant hypophagia. Animals previously made obese by tube feeding exhibited hypophagia and returned to normal weight without any change in heat production. The relevance of these results to the concept of lipostasis and the relative roles of energy intake and expenditure in the regulation of energy balance are discussed.
J Comp Physiol Psychol 1979 Dec
PMID:Regulation of energy balance in two models of reversible obesity in the rat. 52 18

Obese (ob/ob) and diabetes (db/db) mice are genetic mutants that have been shown to have altered levels of central catecholamines as well as syndromes of obesity, hyperphagia, and hyperglycemia. Because of catecholamines, and particularly norepinephrine (NE), are implicated in the control of feeding, levels of central catecholamines were experimentally reduced in ob/ob and db/db mice to investigate the role of the catecholamines in these cases of spontaneously occurring obesity. Lesions produced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were used to produce large depletions of NE and dopamine (DA) in both ob/ob and db/db mice and in lean control mice of the same background strains. In the db/db but not the ob/ob, central catecholamine depletion was accompanied by a significant and persistent weight loss and by a reduction in plasma glucose levels when compared with vehicle-infused controls. Treatment with the NE uptake blocker desmethylimipramine (DMI) prior to 6-OHDA infusions attenuated NE but not DA depletion. Diabetes mice that received DMI pretreatment showed a weight loss and decrease in plasma glucose proportional to the amount of NE depletion. Lean mice that received the 6-OHDA treatments showed only a transient weight loss and no significant change in blood glucose. It is concluded that abnormalities in central noradrenergic systems may account for part of the obesity syndrome observed in the diabetes mouse.
J Comp Physiol Psychol 1979 Dec
PMID:Differential effects on body weight of central 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in obese (ob/ob) and diabetes (db/db) mice. 52 20

The management of pregnant women seems always to have contained a component of dietary constraint, but today two claims are made for restricting weight gain: that it reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia, and of middle-aged obesity. Neither claim can be sustained and there would appear to be no case for the technically difficult effort required to limit weight gain in pregnancy.
J Hum Nutr 1979 Dec
PMID:Restriction of weight gain in pregnancy: is it justified? 52 31

A series of 55 cases of calculosis of the bile ducts observed in subjects aged 9-20 yr between 1963 and 1977 is presented. Haemolytic anaemia, familial predisposition, pregnancy, obesity, and deformity of the bile ducts are regarded as possible pathogenetic factors in accordance with the views of other workers.
Minerva Med 1979 Dec 01
PMID:[Calculosis of the biliary tract in childhood and adolescence]. 52 99

The purpose of this study was to determine if the elevated concentration of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus of the obese-hyperglycemic mouse plays a role in the development of this syndrome. We treated normal and obese mice with the monoamine oxidase inhibitors pargyline or clorgyline for 25 weeks. This resulted in significant inhibition of monoamine oxidase in their hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, kidney, heart and epididymal fat. There was a significant increase in the norepinephrine concentration of the hypothalamus of the normal mice and the cerebral cortex of the obese mice. The obese mice receiving clorgyline had an increase in plasma glucose (313 +/- 9 mg/dl). However, the increase in tissue norepinephrine concentration did not result in increased weight gain or alterations in organ weights in the mice. Thus, the elevated hypothalamic norepinephrine concentration in obese mice is probably not the cause of their obesity.
Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1979 Dec
PMID:The role of altered tissue norepinephrine concentration in the hereditary obese-hyperglycemic syndrome of mice. 52 84

The woodchuck or groundhog (Marmota monax) has been used as a biomedical model for studies of obesity and energy balance, endocrine and metabolic function, central nervous system control mechanisms and cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and neoplastic disease. Methods of care of a woodchuck colony, techniques for handling, restraint, anesthesia, blood sampling and breeding were developed.
Lab Anim Sci 1979 Dec
PMID:The woodchuck, Marmota monax, as a laboratory animal. 52 75

Psychological investigations have failed to reveal a distinct personality type or psychodynamic conflict pattern in moderately and massively obese persons. Many of the psychological problems noted in the obese such as anxiety, depression, and poor self-esteem seem to be the result of, rather than the cause of, the obese state. Morbidly obese persons share an addictive behavior pattern that is also seen in persons with other types of addictions. The extent of their obesity points to the strong substance abuse component of the eating disorder. Behavior modification programs aimed at changing problematic eating patterns and teaching self-management skills in relation to food consumption have been moderately successful and have been shown to result in a mean post-treatment weiht loss of seven to 16 pounds. However, the majority of morbidly obese persons will not lose enough weight to make this an effective treatment program for them.
Surg Clin North Am 1979 Dec
PMID:Personality and morbid obesity. Implications for dietary management through behavior modification. 53 36

An attempt has been made to identify the causes of increased cholesterol gallstone formation in obese patients both before and following jejunoileostomy. The prime lithogenic mechanism in obesity seems to be increased cholesterol mobilization and excretion in the bile. In jejunoileal bypass, a host of factors, including possible limited bile salt synthesis, increased bile salt loss, and bacterial alteration of bile acids, along with the effects of rapid weight loss, may play a role. The identification and understanding of these factors will be important if attempts at prevention by administratin of antibiotics to reduce bacterial overgrowth, or by giving chenodeoxycholic or ursodeoxycholic acid to replenish the diminished bile acid pools, are to be carried out.
Surg Clin North Am 1979 Dec
PMID:Gallstones, obesity, and jejunoileostomy. 53 42


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