Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fat tissue from the genetically obese mouse (C57BL/6J ob/ob) and its lean littermate (+/?) was transplanted into lean hosts(+/+). Chemical induced obesity in the host mice caused no greater increase in the size of 'obese' fat cells than it did in the size of 'lean' fat cells. 'Obese' fat cells, therefore, have no innate capacity for increased fat storage.
Diabetologia 1978 Dec
PMID:Obesity: do fat cells from genetically obese mice (C57BL/6J ob/ob) have an innate capacity for increased fat storage? 36 93

The pathogenesis and basic mechanisms of hypertension are not understood. Hypertension is now considered to reflect abnormality in one or more of the biologic systems that regulate flow and resistance. Its complications result from high intra-arterial pressure, and drug treatment substantially lessens these complications. The death rate from hypertension has dropped strikingly. Although current knowledge is not sufficient to develop predictably successful prevention programs, there is growing interest in applying available information. Epidemiologic studies have identified obesity as a major risk factor for hypertension; they have also been interpreted as showing that high dietary sodium intake causes hypertension in industrialized societies. Evidence on the role of obesity seems firm and can provide the basis for prevention programs. The role of sodium intake requires further study.
Circulation 1979 Dec
PMID:Research contributions toward prevention of cardiovascular disease. Research related to the underlying mechanisms in hypertension. 38 84

1. Intra-arterial pressure was recorded continuously in 26 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension under standardized conditions. Pressure was analysed beat by beat by computer and variability measured as the standard deviation of the normally distributed frequency histogram. 2. Variability was strongly influenced by physical activity, being least during sleep and increasing progressively with bed rest and ambulation. Variability during daytime was not related to time. 3. Systolic variability correlated directly with systolic pressure. An independent inverse relationship with baroreflex sensitivity was observed. Systolic variability tended to increase with obesity. 4. None of the following were related independently with variability: age; race; sex; plasma renin activity; plasma angiotensin II; plasma noradrenaline; plasma adrenaline.
Clin Sci (Lond) 1979 Dec
PMID:Factors determining the variability of arterial pressure in hypertension. 39 78

The synergistic effects of dietary obesity produced by the feeding of a high fat diet and stress induced by electric shocks on glucose tolerance and glucose-induced insulin release from the perfused pancreas were investigated. Male Wistar rats weighing 90 approximately 100 g were fed ad libitum for 12 weeks either a control (50% Starch; C) or a high fat diet (40% Butter; F). Some of the rats on both diets received 100 electric shocks of 1 sec. duration in the stress session for 1 hour per day for the last 3 weeks of the experimental period. Low stress (LS) groups were shocked at a fixed time (Inter Shock Interval: 36 sec.). High stress (HS) groups were shocked at random (ISI: mean = 36 sec, 9 approximately 108 sec. variable). Non-stress (NS) groups were not given any shocks. Rats were killed at 24 hours after the final stress session. Under NS conditions, rats in the F-NS group gained a significant amount of weight and had normal levels of fasting plasma glucose and insulin but an impaired glucose tolerance (k = 3.49). Insulin release from the perfused pancreas in the F-NS group showed a delay in the initiation of release by the stimulation of glucose (16.7 mM), but the total amounts of insulin released did not differ from that in the C-NS group. On the other hand, the levels of plasma 11-OHCS in the fed state were much more highly elevated in the HS group than in the LS group, which was not influenced by the high fat diet. The fasting levels of plasma glucose in the F-HS group (121 +/- 7 mg/100 microliter) were significantly higher than those in the C-HS group (101 +/- 7 mg/100 microliter) in spite of a normal insulin concentration in plasma. In contrast to the normal glucose tolerance in the C-HS group (k = 5.14), glucose tolerance in the F-HS group (k = 3.04) was impaired. Insulin release from the perfused pancreas in response to glucose in both diet group was not significantly altered under LS conditions. In the C-HS group, however, the total amount of insulin released in the second phase was enhanced to 165% of that in the C-NC group. Conversely, in the F-HS group the total amount of insulin released in the first phase was significantly decreased to 40% of that in the F-NS group. These findings indicate that the elevation of plasma 11-OHCS levels provoked by shocks at random rather than in a fixed time schedule is caused by the difficulty in predicting shocks, and a chronic stress induced by electric shocks at random further impairs glucose tolerance and suppresses glucose-induced insulin release in rats fed a high fat diet.
Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 1979 Dec 20
PMID:[The effects of electric stress on pancreatic B cell function in rats fed a high fat diet (I). Glucose tolerance and glucose-induced insulin release from the perfused pancreas (author's transl)]. 39 67

The effect of age and adiposity on fasting plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), glucagon (IRG), insulin (IRI) and glucose was examined in 263 healthy subjects between the ages of 20-69 yr. Mean plasma levels of hPP rose continuously from the third through the seventh decades. Mean plasma levels of IRG rose within the third and fourth decades but failed to rise further thereafter. Mean plasma levels of IRI did not change with age. Mean plasma levels of glucose rose by approximately 2 mg/dl . decade. The correlations of age with hPP, IRG, glucose, and adiposity were 0.47, 0.35, 0.25 (all P less than 0.01) and 0.15 (P less than 0.05), respectively. When adjustments were made for adiposity, the correlations of age with hPP, IRG, and glucose remained. Adiposity correlated with IRI, IRG, and glucose but when age correction was made, only the correlation of adiposity with IRI persisted. We conclude that: 1) age has a significant effect on fasting plasma levels of hPP and IRG; 2) the patterns of the age-related changes in hPP and IRG are not the same, suggesting that there are differences in the mechanism(s) by which age influences plasma levels of these two pancreatic hormones; and 3) age should be considered in the interpretation of fasting plasma levels of hPP and IRG.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1978 Dec
PMID:Effect of age on fasting plasma levels of pancreatic hormones in man. 40 Jul 40

We studied the abnormal ocular and systemic findings in one case of true triploidy and two cases of triploid mosaicism. A liveborn triploid child 69,XXY, had abnormalities including cebocephaly, a single midline nostril, incomplete cleft palate, transverse palmar creases, partial syndactyly, and ambiguous genitalia. Ocular abnormalities included hypotelorism, blepharophimosis, microcornia, iris coloboma, cataract, persistent hyaloid vasculature, retinal dysplasia, and optic atrophy. A 16-year-old girl with triploid mosaicism had congenital left facial and body hemiatrophy, both growth and mental retardation, left-sided grand mal seizures, incontinentia pigmenti of both legs, partial syndactyly, and generalized weakness. Results of her ocular examination were within normal limits. A 13-year-old boy with triploid mosaicism exhibited both growth and mental retardation, truncal obesity, and required a brace to support his back. Ocular findings included synophrys, bilateral blepharoptosis, and abnormal results of Schirmer tear test. Studies indicate a wide spectrum of ocular and systemic abnormalities occur that are presumably associated with the chromosome error.
Am J Ophthalmol 1977 Dec
PMID:Ocular findings in triploidy. 41 37

Sixteen insulin dependent diabetic patients (age at onset less than 35 years) and their families were tissue typed for HLA antigens. Glucose tolerance of relatives was also tested. Among diabetic patients two HLA antigens were found with increased frequency: B8 (31 percent, control 15 percent) and Bw35 (38 percent, control 23 percent). Among normal relatives B8 and Bw35 had the same frequency as the control group. Bw15 frequency was not increased in either group. In relatives, no correlation between HLA antigens (B8 or Bw35) and abnormal glucose tolerance, obesity and over-weight at birth was found. Present data confirm previous reports of high B8 frequency in early onset diabetic patients, but fail to demonstrate a raised frequency of abnormal glucose tolerance among relatives bearing B8 (or, in our cases, Bw35). B8 may be considered a genetic indicator for susceptibility to juvenile diabetes. On the basis of present results in families, however non genetic factors clearly also play a determinant role. Furthermore, that diabetogenesis arises from a link between Ir-genes and HLA-B8 antigen should only be considered a suggestive hypothesis.
Diabete Metab 1977 Dec
PMID:HLA antigens and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. A family study. 41 51

21 young female and 15 young male patients with cerebrovascular insults were examined for risk factors. 14 of the 15 male patients showed clear cut risk factors: obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension, smoking, thromboses, vitium cordis. 20 of the 21 female patients took oral contraceptives. 60% of the female patients with angiographically confirmed stenoses and occlusion did not show any other risk factor. These results support the hypothesis that oral contraceptives are in themselves a risk factor.
MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 1977 Dec 02
PMID:[The importance of risk factors in cerebrovascular processes while taking oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. 41 98

Four decades ago 204 men were selected as adolescents for an interdisciplinary study of health; since then they have been followed biennially. Of the 185 men who remained in the study and in good health until 1964 (age, 42 +/- 1 years), 100 men remained in excellent physical health over the next 11 years, 54 acquired minor problems, and 31 acquired serious chronic illness or died. Of 59 men with the best mental health, assessed from the age of 21 to 46 years, only two became chronically ill or died by the age of 53. Of the 48 men with the worst mental health from the age of 21 to 46, 18 became chronically ill or died. The relation between previous mental health and subsequent physical health remained statistically significant when the effects on health of alcohol, tobacco use, obesity, and longevity of ancestors were excluded by multiple regression analysis. The data suggest that good mental health retards midlife deterioration in physical health.
N Engl J Med 1979 Dec 06
PMID:Natural history of male psychologic health: effects of mental health on physical health. 50 27

A study of 3451 cholesterol determinations in different diseases was carried out. The mean cholesterol levels for male and female adults and children with different diseases were compared with values for their healthy counterparts. Sickle cell anemia, leukemia, liver cirrhosis, hepatosplenomegaly, tuberculosis, and diabetic, nutritional, ataxic, and tropical neuropathies in male and female adults were associated with reduced cholesterol level while in children malnutrition and anemia were the main causes of low cholesterol levels. Obesity and hypertension caused an elevated level but the mean values were within the range for adult Nigerians in the high income group. Only nephrotic syndrome in both adult and children was associated with a markedly increased cholesterol level in Nigerians of low income status.
Am J Clin Nutr 1979 Dec
PMID:Serum cholesterol and diseases in Nigerians. 50 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>