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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a randomised clinical trial to assess the value of intestinal bypass in the treatment of gross obesity 130 patients who underwent end-to-side jejunoileostomy (with either a 1/3 or a 3/1 ratio between jejunum and ileum left in continuity) were compared with 66 non-surgically treated patients. All patients in the study had gross, long-standing, treatment-resistant obesity with resultant somatic, psychic, or social problems; none were alcoholic or had liver disease or other conditions which made them poor surgical risks. Most subjects were observed for more than 3 years. Median weight loss within 24 months was 42.9 kg in the bypass group, compared with 5.9 kg in the control group. No deaths occurred among those who underwent surgery. Patients who underwent intestinal bypass also had a better improvement in quality of life and a higher degree of patient satisfaction. Complications of the operation were, however, common and occasionally severe.
Lancet 1979 Dec 15
PMID:Randomised trial of jejunoileal bypass versus medical treatment in morbid obesity. The Danish Obesity Project. 9 79

Amongst 22 patients with corrected left-to-right shunts, a diminution in heart size and reduction in central pulmonary arteries and pulmonary plethora was found in about half the patients. A good operative result can be expected, particularly in younger patients with less severe lesions, where the vessels had not been subjected to a high pressure for a long period. The failure of vessels to return to normal is assurmed to be due to changes in the vessel walls. Possible causes for persistent cardiomegaly are, in addition to persistent shunts, coronary artery disease, obesity, inadequate digitalisation and aortic and mitral insufficiency.
Rofo 1978 Dec
PMID:[The radiographic appearances following correction of left-to-right shunts (author's transl)]. 15 76

Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in eight patients with Down's syndrome, aged 8 to 18 years. Diabetic glucose tolerance was observed in only one patient with obesity. This impaired glucose tolerance was improved with the weight reduction due to diet restriction. The flat glucose tolerance curves with low peak values were also observed in the other two patients. In the remaining five patients, normal glucose tolerance was obtained. Insulin response and free fatty acid levels during oral glucose load were not characteristic except for the diabetic patient with obesity. The sera of Down's syndrome showed normal binding capacity for insulin. These results suggest that obesity might partly participate in the impaired glucose tolerance in Down's syndrome.
Tohoku J Exp Med 1979 Dec
PMID:Carbohydrate metabolism in Down's syndrome. 16 Jun 33

The occurrence of insulin-degrading activity in the liver of the obese hyperglycemic mouse (ob/ob) and its litter mate has been studied. The trichloroacetic acid-soluble product formed from insulin upon incubation with liver homogenate was identified as the A chain of insulin. In Ouchterlony double-diffusion experiments with antibody to purified rat liver glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase, mouse liver homogenate and the microsomal fraction each gave a single precipitation band of identity with the purified rat liver enzyme. These results indicate that the insulin-degrading activity present in the mouse liver is, in fact, glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase. Subcellular distribution studies of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase and marker enzymes indicate that the transhydrogenase is located primarily in the microsomal fraction of mouse liver homogenate. The ob/ob mouse, which is a genetic mutant characterized by obesity, hyperinsulinism and resistance to the hypoglycemic action of insulin, contains hepatic glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase activity (per mg microsomal protein) markedly higher (40--60%) than its lean litter mates. However, a major portion of the increased hepatic enzyme in the ob/ob mouse occurs in a latent state; the increased amount of enzyme either is unavailable or is nonfunctional, although the ob/ob mouse still contains more of the functional form than the lean mouse. Thus, the results are consistent with the suggestion that the hepatic glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase is probably under a feedback control by circulating insulin.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1976 Dec 21
PMID:Insulin degradation. XVIII. On the regulation of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase in the hyperglycemic obese (ob/ob) mouse. 18 26

Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) was first described in birds by Kimmel et al. (1968). It was later isolated from the pancreas of several mammalian species by Chance and Jones (1974). It has been demonstrated in the islets of many animal species by immunocytochemical methods. PP levels are assayable in plasma and rise sharply after food intake. The pharmacological properties and physiological role of PP are still ill defined. It appears to have a spectrum of actions peculiar to each species. Recent research on this subject is reviewed in this article. High levels of circulating PP have been demonstrated in juvenile and maturity-onset diabetics, as well as in some patients with islet cell tumors. However no definite clinical syndrome due to hypersecretion of PP as been identified as yet. It remains a matter of speculation that a deficiency of PP might be responsible for some types of obesity. PP-cells are rare in the pancreas of healthy young individuals. Hyperplasia of PP-cells has been observed in a wide variety of pathological conditions, but is most prominent in the pancreas of chronic insulin dependent diabetics. Histologic evidence strongly suggests that PP-cell hyperplasia represents an atypical form of islet regeneration. It is always focal in distribution and is most remarkable in those lobules that have lost the capacity to reproduce islets of normal cytologic composition.
Diabete Metab 1978 Dec
PMID:[Pancreatic polypeptide (author's transl)]. 21 73

1. Male rats were injected daily for 5 days with 0.15m-NaCl, corticotropin, cortisol or l-thyroxine and the rates of glycerolipid synthesis were measured in the livers after intraportal injection of [(14)C]palmitate and [(3)H]glycerol. 2. Injection of all three hormones decreased the rates of body-weight gain. 3. Cortisol treatment increased the weight of the liver relative to body weight. 4. Thyroxine treatment increased the relative rate of triacylglycerol synthesis from [(3)H]glycerol and decreased the relative accumulation of (3)H and (14)C in diacylglycerol. It did not significantly alter the accumulation of these isotopes in phosphatidate nor the activity of the soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in the total liver. However, this activity increased by 1.5-fold when expressed relative to the soluble protein of the liver. The increased triacylglycerol synthesis appears to be related to a general increase in the turnover of fatty acids in the liver. 5. Treatment with cortisol and corticotropin increased the relative rate of triacylglycerol synthesis from [(3)H]glycerol, decreased the accumulation of (3)H in phosphatidate and increased the flux of both isotopes from phosphatidate to diacylglycerol. This appeared to be caused by the increased activity of the soluble phosphatidate phosphohydrolase that was observed in the livers of the cortisol-treated rats. 6. It is proposed that cortisol could be directly or indirectly involved in increasing the activity of hepatic phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in starvation, diabetes, laparotomy, subtotal hepatectomy, liver damage, ethanol feeding and in obesity. This enzyme adaptation could contribute to the potential of the liver to increase its synthesis and accumulation of triacylglycerols or to secrete very-low-density lipoproteins.
Biochem J 1978 Dec 15
PMID:The effects of cortisol, corticotropin and thyroxine on the synthesis of glycerolipids and on the phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in rat liver. 21 53

1. Variables involved in the genesis of hypertension in male broad-breasted white turkeys include social environment, obesity and high salt intake. 2. The hypertension is characterized by low plasma renin activity and, with increasing age, normal to high plasma aldosterone. 3. Medionecrosis of the abdominal aorta is a common pathological finding. 4. The absence of atherosclerotic plaques is probably related to the high concentrations of alpha-lipoproteins.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1978 Dec
PMID:The natural history of hypertension in turkeys. 28 53

The current view that the morbidly obese do not show a unique personality pattern is challenged. A sample of 91 obese female patients at a general practice are identified as having a significant personality pattern using the Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16 PF) and the Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire (N.S.Q.). Further the personality factors are consistent with a model that explains aspects of morbid exogenous obesity.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1978 Dec
PMID:Personality of a group of grossly obese women. 28

A patient with obesity and diabetes mellitus had insulin secretion studies done during a 3-year cycle of weight loss and regain in the course of which she progressed from frank diabetes to a normal state of carbohydrate tolerance and then back to her original diabetic state. The results suggest that therapeutic weight reduction not only reverses insulin resistance but also restores beta cell sensitivity and enhances beta cell capacity. The eventual re-establishment of a degree of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and carbohydrate intolerance virtually identical to that originally seen is compatible with a primary disorder involving hypothalamic control of adipose stores and insulin secretion.
Ann Intern Med 1977 Dec
PMID:Insulin secretion in obesity and diabetes: an illustrative case. 33 68

Results of a study involving dynamic testing of hypothalamic-pituitary function in 26 patients attending the Gynecologic Reproductive Endocrine Service at John Hopkins University are presented. Patients included women with primary amenorrhea and few if any secondary sex characteristics (Group 1), primary amenorrhea with secondary sexual development (Group 2), secondary amenorrhea (Group 3), and amenorrhea with pituitary or supracellar tumors (Group 4). Subjects received a combined luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-clomiphene test and an estrogen provocation test. 100 mcg LH-RH was administered and blood samples obtained at 15, 30, and 45 minutes and at 1, 1 1/2, 2, 2 1/2, and 3 hours. 100 mg of clomiphene citrate was given daily for 7 days (the dosage of clomiphene varied somewhat with history of preexisting conditions). Blood was assayed for serum LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) In the provocation test, 1 mg of estradiol was given and blood samples drawn 48, 72, and 96 hours thereafter. In Group 1, 3 patients were unresponsive to LH-RH stimulation and were without change in the baseline after either clomiphene or Enovid suppression. 3 other patients in this group had a fairly normal delta percent peak LH response to LH-RH. However, baseline or the delta percent peak LH response to LH-RH remained unchanged after clomiphene. The 7th patient in Group 1 has an immature hypothalamus. Group 2 consisted of 3 patients. 2 were found to have elevated baseline values of LH with normal FSH levels. 1 had a poor but mature response to clomiphene of the negative estrogen feedbacK. LH peak remained unchanged in response to LH-RH after clomiphene and estrogen response was negative. 2 of these patients conceived and 1 was diagnosed as able to conceive. In Group 3, 2 patients with massive obesity showed elevated serum LH values, 2 patients were infertile after oral contraceptives and were stimulated with human chorionic gonadotropin and clomiphene, 7 had anorexia and were diagnosed with the aestrogen provocation test. The patients in Group 4 were all studied in an effort to assess the pituitary gonadotropin reserve. These tests can be useful in this regard but must be considered in light of the patient's history and physical findings. Thus initial diagnoses were further subdivided by this method of dynamic testing. It helps establish areas of further testing.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977 Dec 01
PMID:Dynamic testing of hypothalamic-pituitary function in abnormalities of ovulation. 34 92


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