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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood pressure dynamicity during tilt table measurement is discussed. We analyzed ECG and BP parameters from 14 normotensive young healthy volunteers, 15 old healthy volunteers, and two groups of hypertensive patients--20 non-medicated hypertensive subjects with no other known complications and 21 hypertensive non-medicated subjects with confirmed obesity (according to waist circumference), hyperlipidemia or diabetes mellitus. The dynamic parameters, such as pulse pressure, maximum of derivative BP, difference between maximum and minimum of derivative BP and SBP peak--DBP depression time were obtained from derivative continuous blood pressure signal recordings. We have found that the age factor plays a more significant role in dynamic parameters change and in inter-group differentiation than additional risk factors of hypertensive subjects.
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PMID:Blood pressure dynamics in hypertensive subjects during tilt table test. 1800 12

A cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 598 men and women to investigate age and sex variations in the prevelence of overweight, obesity and hypertension among adult (>18 years) residents of Dearah, Hooghly District, West Bengal. Height, weight and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure mesurements were made on each subject. Prevelence of overweight was significantly higher among women. There existed significant age-group differences among men in the frequency of overweight and obese individuals. The overall (both sexes combined) prevelence of hypertension was 25.9%. There was significant age-group difference in the prevelence of hypertension. There was a consistent trend in increasing rates of hypertension as well as mean BMI, SBP, DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) with increasing age.
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PMID:Age variations in overweight men and women in rural areas of Hooghly District, West Bengal. 1823 47

This is a cross-sectional study conducted intermittently in Port Moresby, the National Capital District of Papua New Guinea, from 1996 to 1997; Mt Obree in Central Province in October 2000; Upper Strickland River in April 2001; and the Balopa Islands in Manus Province in December 2002. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure and identify possible risk factors for hypertension in the 'healthy' population in Port Moresby and the three rural communities. There were 1491 subjects surveyed, 704 males and 787 females. Their ages ranged from 20 to 84 years. Just over 6% of subjects were aged 65 years and above. There were 205 (14%) smokers and 340 (23%) betelnut chewers. The Central (rural) subjects were generally younger with the lowest mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures and lowest body mass index (BMI) in both males and females (no overweight or obesity). In Central and Strickland the mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were lower and remained the same in all age groups, then in females decreased with age after 55 years. The Manus (rural) subjects were older with higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures and higher mean BMI, surprisingly similar to the urban population of Port Moresby. The mean systolic blood pressures in Port Moresby and Manus increased with age in both sexes, while the mean diastolic pressure remained the same in all age groups in females and decreased after the age of 50 years. The prevalence of systolic hypertension among men and women was higher in Manus than in urban Port Moresby and, among the female subjects, Manus had the highest at 31%, while Central recorded the lowest for both males and females. The mean systolic blood pressures of betelnut chewers in Port Moresby, Manus and Central were lower (by 1-9 mmHg) but higher--in males only--in Strickland. The mean diastolic blood pressures of betelnut chewers were lower in all study sites. Both high BMI (overweight and obesity) and older age were significantly associated with high systolic blood pressure but betelnut chewing was significantly associated with lower mean SBP (p < 0.001), a protective effect against systolic hypertension.
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PMID:Community screening for high blood pressure among adults in urban and rural Papua New Guinea. 1838 71

Hypertension is an important global health issue and is currently increasing at a rapid pace in most industrializing nations. Although a number of risk factors have been linked with the development of hypertension, including obesity, high dietary sodium, and chronic psychosocial stress, these factors cannot fully explain the variation in blood pressure and hypertension rates that occurs within and between populations. The present study uses data collected on adults from three indigenous Siberian populations (Evenki, Buryat, and Yakut [Sakha]) to test the hypothesis of Luke et al. (Hypertension 43 (2004) 555-560) that basal metabolic rate (BMR) and blood pressure are positively associated independent of body size. When adjusted for body size and composition, as well as potentially confounding variables such as age, smoking status, ethnicity, and degree of urbanization, BMR was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP; P < 0.01) and pulse pressure (PP; P < 0.01); BMR showed a trend with diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P = 0.08). Thus, higher BMR is associated with higher SBP and PP; this is opposite the well-documented inverse relationship between physical activity and blood pressure. If the influence of BMR on blood pressure is confirmed, the systematically elevated BMRs of indigenous Siberians may help explain the relatively high blood pressures and hypertension rates documented among native Siberians in the post-Soviet period. These findings underscore the importance of considering the influence of biological adaptation to regional environmental conditions in structuring health changes associated with economic development and lifestyle change.
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PMID:The influence of basal metabolic rate on blood pressure among indigenous Siberians. 1847 Aug 97

The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined impact of obesity and physical activity (PA) on the health of older adults. Pedometer-determined steps/d, body-mass index (BMI), resting blood pressure, and fasting glucose (FG) were assessed in 137 older adults (69.0 +/- 8.9 yr). The active group (>4,227 steps/d) had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP; p = .001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p = .028), and FG (p < .001) than the inactive group (< or = 4,227 steps/d). The normal-BMI group (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) had lower SBP (p < .001) and DBP (p = .01) than the obese group (> or =30 kg/m2). There were no differences in SBP (p = .963) or DBP (p = 1.0) between active obese and inactive normal-BMI groups. The active obese group, however, had a more favorable FG than the inactive normal-BMI group (chi 2 = 18.9, df = 3, p = .001). Efforts to increase PA of older adults should receive the same priority as reducing obesity to improve BP and FG levels.
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PMID:The impact of body-mass index and steps per day on blood pressure and fasting glucose in older adults. 1848 41

This study aimed at assessing the anthropometry, dietary intake and micronutrient status of hypertensive patients attending specialist hospitals in Ondo State, Nigeria. A descriptive case control study was conducted among subjects attending two specialist hospitals located in Akure and Ondo towns. A total of 452 subjects (44.9% males and 55.1% females), was purposely selected from the study centres. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect information on demographic characteristics, socio-economic parameters, nutrition knowledge and dietary intakes of the subjects. The quantities of subjects' dietary intakes were measured using household measurements. Weight, height, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were measured using electronic bathroom scale, standiometer and sphygmomanometer, respectively. The subject's urine was collected; and vitamin C, sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc and magnesium were determined using standard procedures. The results showed the following means: age 52.4 +/- 2.38 years, weight 66.4 +/- 1.63kg, height 1.64 +/- 0.01m, body mass index (BMI) 24.13 +/- 0.69kg/m2, SBP 124.86 +/- 2.3mmHg and DBP 76.22 +/- 1.86 mmHg. Blood pressure (BP) of the subjects showed that 46.9% had optimal BP, 14.2% normal BP, 11.5% high normal BP, 12.8% mild hypertension, 9.7% moderate hypertension and 4.9% severe hypertension. For BMI, 8.8% were underweight, 47.1% normal, 30.3% overweight, 6.0% obesity class I, 6.0% obesity class II and 1.8% obesity class III. The proportion of hypertensive subjects that were obese was significantly (P = 0.0001) higher than control subjects. Three-fifth of the control subjects had good nutrition knowledge compared to one-fifth of hypertensive subjects. The estimated mean energy intake was 8.46 MJ, protein 93.1g, carbohydrate 314.5g, fat 42.9g, fibres 5.6g and appreciable amount of vitamin C, calcium, zinc, magnesium, sodium and potassium. The subjects' urinary vitamin C concentration was 32.49 +/- 2.53mg; calcium 0.41 +/- 0.06mg, zinc 0.04 +/- 0.01mg; magnesium 4.57 +/- 0.37mg, sodium 8.33 +/- 0.37mg) and potassium 7.45 +/- 0.21mg. Statistically, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between urinary vitamin C, sodium and potassium concentration (except zinc) of hypertensive patients and the control subjects. Weak correlations were observed between the subjects' systolic (P < 0.05) and diastolic (P < 0.01) BP and age, BMI and magnesium; with inverse correlations between vitamin C, sodium and potassium. The study concluded that hypertension was significantly influenced by BMI of the subjects, which may be an indication of high intake of calories. Therefore, calorie intake should be controlled among the hypertensives.
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PMID:Nutritional knowledge, nutrients intake and nutritional status of hypertensive patients in Ondo State, Nigeria. 1884 81

To examine the influence of sexual maturation (SM) on blood pressure (BP) and body fatness during puberty among African-American children. Longitudinal data were collected from 283 African-American children aged 9-15 years over a 1.5-year period. Measured anthropometric measures included height, weight, skinfold thickness, waist circumference (WC), and systolic and diastolic BP (SBP/DBP) at baseline, 1-year, and 1.5-year follow-up were used. SM was assessed using self-reported Tanner stages (range 1-5) at baseline. Spearman correlation and regression analyses were conducted to test associations between study variables. Early maturing girls had higher BP and body mass index (BMI = weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) at follow-up than nonearly maturing girls (SBP: 117.4 vs. 111.7; DBP: 66.3 vs. 60.7; BMI: 27.7 vs. 23.5; all P < 0.05, respectively). Baseline Tanner stage was positively associated with follow-up SBP (r = 0.28), DBP (r = 0.37), BMI (r = 0.45), skinfold thickness (r = 0.37), and WC (r = 0.40) in girls, but not in boys. The influence of SM on BP independent of body size was tested via several different multiple linear regression models by adding measures of body size and their changes (height and BMI) between baseline and follow-up. Early maturing girls had higher SBP and DBP (beta = 4.30, P < 0.05; beta = 3.28, P < 0.05; respectively) and BMI (beta = 1.69, P < 0.05) at 1.5-year follow-up than their counterparts. In boys, a marginally significant reverse association (beta = -1.05 to -1.19) between SM stages and DBP was detected. SM affects BP and body fatness in girls, and should be considered in assessment of BP and obesity in adolescents.
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PMID:The influence of sexual maturation on blood pressure and body fatness in African-American adolescent girls and boys. 1894 13

Hypertension and obesity are likely the most common disease in Japan. It has been reported that subjects with prehypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 80-89 mmHg) have also an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; however, only limited data are available on the prevalence of prehypertension and its association with body weight. We performed a cross-sectional study to examine whether the status of body weight was associated with prehypertension. Study participants aged 19 to 90 years [1,207 men aged 60 +/- 15 (mean +/- standard deviation) years and 1,634 women aged 63 +/- 12 years] were randomly recruited for a survey at the community-based annual medical check-up. The prevalence of prehypertension was 27.3% in men and 23.9% in women. The levels of SBP and DBP increased, as body mass index (BMI) increased in both genders. In a multivariate-adjusted model, increasing BMI categories were positively associated with prehypertension. Especially in men, compared to participants with BMI of < 21.0 kg/m(2) (referent), the multivariate-odds ratio (95% CI) of prehypertension was 1.90 (1.17-3.09) in the 21.0-23.4 kg/m(2) group, 2.38 (1.31-4.34) in the 23.5-24.9 kg/m(2) group, and 3.79 (2.03-7.09) in the > or = 25.0 kg/m(2) group. In conclusion, even subjects with mildly increased BMI (21.0-24.9 kg/m(2)) had an increased risk of prehypertension in community-dwelling persons. It is time to pay more attention to excess bodyweight in preventing high blood pressure.
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PMID:High prevalence of prehypertension is associated with the increased body mass index in community-dwelling Japanese. 1906 Apr 50

Obesity is related to office blood pressure (OBP). Important discrepancies exist between OBP and home blood pressure (HBP), providing complementary information for the management of hypertension. The association between obesity and HBP has not been investigated in children. The evidence on the role of obesity in the predominance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) over diastolic (DBP) in paediatric hypertension is limited. A total of 778 healthy subjects aged 6-18 years were recruited in this study. OBP and HBP were measured using electronic devices validated in children. Anthropometric measurements were measured and expressed as z-scores for height or age. Among all indices of obesity (z-scores), body mass index (BMI) showed the best association with BP. The effect of obesity (BMI) was more pronounced on: (i) SBP than DBP and (ii) H-SBP than O-SBP (O-SBP: r2=0.09, O-DBP: r2=0.05, H-SBP: r2=0.12, H-DBP: r2=0.06). The prevalence of systolic hypertension was higher than that of diastolic hypertension. This difference was significant only in office readings and independent from obesity (normal weight: 6.3% systolic hypertension versus 1.2% diastolic; obese: 37.9% versus 6.9%, P<0.05 for both). These data imply that in children and adolescents the z-score of BMI is the most appropriate index of the association between BP and obesity. It also suggests that obesity is probably more closely associated with home than office BP. Finally, although obesity appears to affect SBP more than DBP, these results suggest that the predominance of systolic hypertension in children and adolescents might not be only related to obesity but also to the measurement setting (office).
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PMID:Home and office blood pressure in children and adolescents: the role of obesity. The Arsakeion School Study. 1912 55

Obesity is associated with elevated blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance, and altered plasma adiponectin levels; the relationship between the biochemical features of obesity and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (24-h ABP) parameters in adolescents remains unknown. Anthropometric measurements and 24-h ABP monitoring were obtained on 41 obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Serum adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid profile, insulin, fasting glucose, liver enzymes, Hb A1c (HbA1c), and two random urine samples were obtained for creatinine and microalbumin measurements. The determinants of 24-h systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP were examined using multivariate linear regression models with BP parameters as outcome variables. Forty-one obese adolescents were studied. Adiponectin levels were reduced and hs-CRP levels were elevated, and were inversely and significantly correlated (rho = -0.3, p = 0.05). ABP showed blunted nocturnal SBP dipping. Twenty-four hour SBP and DBP indexes were significantly (p < 0.05) and inversely correlated with adiponectin (rho = -0.4 and -0.42), respectively. In multivariate models, lower adiponectin level was independently associated with 24-h SBP and DBP. Adiponectin inversely correlate with ABP parameters in obese adolescents. Larger studies are needed to examine the relationship between adiponectin and mechanisms of BP regulation.
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PMID:Relationship between adiponectin and ambulatory blood pressure in obese adolescents. 1943 Mar 83


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