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 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With the purpose of studying the relationship between type A behaviour pattern (TABP) and cardiovascular reactivity in the natural work environment, the presence of type A, heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) during two cognitive tasks were evaluated in a group of business managers (46 men and six women) of a large organization. Habits associated with cardiovascular risk (sedentarism, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity) as well as other biological risk factors (familiar and personal history of cardiovascular problems, cholesterol and triglyceride level) were also assessed. On results showed that when solving cognitive tasks--abstract reasoning (AR) and mental arithmetic (MA)--within the work environment, these stimuli produced a significant reactivity in heart rate, SBP and DBP and also in a subjective measure of stress. The majority of participants reached peak values of HR and SBP during the MA task, whereas DBP was mostly activated during the AR task. SBP was significantly higher at the beginning of the experimental session than during the resting periods or between tasks, and HR at the beginning of the session, was associated with the level of performance. Type A's and B's differed in their SBP taken just before leaving the session. These results indicate the importance of taking into account, aside from the resting measures, the entering and leaving periods of an experimental session. A very high proportion of the subjects studied were classified on type A behaviour (85%). Sedentarism, alcohol consumption and family history were also more frequent in this group. A very high proportion of participants had more than two biological risk factors or habits associated with cardiovascular risk. A's and B's were significantly different in personal history and hypertension, being A's at higher risk. The reduced number of type B's in this group did not allow further conclusions.
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PMID:[The type-A behavior pattern and cardiovascular reactivity in executive managers]. 775 29

The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between the working conditions of employees in the food industry and blood pressure. An epidemiological survey was conducted between 1987 and 1988 in 17 poultry slaughterhouses and 6 canneries in the French regions of 'Bretagne' and 'Pays de Loire'. One thousand, four hundred and seventy-four workers were included in the study. Data was collected in the course of the medical visit organized annually for employees. Mean diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were analyzed separately for male and female workers. The results indicate a significant relationship between blood pressure, and age and obesity. Amongst the various features of working condition studies, loud noise and the number of work breaks were found to be associated with heightened mean values of DBP or SBP in men only. Type and size of the factory was found to be associated with blood pressure readings for both sexes. A number of working conditions giving rise to heightened mental strain were found to be related to a lowering in mean blood pressure: for example, irregular work finishing times for men and production-line work for women. A discussion of these results reveals the complexity of the relationships which exist between physical and environmental factors in this type of setting and blood pressure of employees.
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PMID:Risk factors for high blood pressure among workers in French poultry slaughterhouses and canneries. 785 63

The influence of age on reflex cardiovascular responses, elicited by orthostatic change and Valsalva's maneuver was studied in 105 healthy volunteers, and the response to cold pressor test in 87 healthy adults. The age range of the subjects was 12 to 79 years old; they were stratified by decades for statistical analysis. Included in this study were only subjects without diseases, as evidenced by anamnesis, physical examination, blood pressure recording, ECG tracings, chest X-Ray and routine laboratory tests. None of subjects showed obesity, the body mass index was between 19.6 +/- 0.9 Kg/m2 in the 10-19 year old group and 25.2 +/- 1.2 Kg/m2 in the 50-59 year old group (mean +/- SE). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were between 113.6 +/- 4.2 and 64.2 +/- 2.9 mmHg respectively in the 10-19 years old group and 139.8 +/- 5.0 mmHg and 79.5 +/- 3.2 mmHg respectively in the 70-79 years old group (mean +/- SE). Heart rate in supine position varied between 71.2 +/- 3.2 beats/min in the 10-19 years group and 75.8 +/- 3.0 beats/min in the 70-79 years old group (mean +/- SE). Orthostatic response. Change from supine to standing position increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 10.0 +/- 1.25 mmHg in the 10-19 years old group; a similar increase occurred up to 40-49 years old group; from that age on, the response became bimodal, the percentage of subjects showing a MAP decrease upon standing, increased from 20% in the 50-59 years old group to 48% in the 70-79 years old group; MAP descents ranged between -5.3 +/- 0.63 and -12.6 +/- 1.37 mmHg (mean +/- SE) and were non symptomatic. The same bimodal pattern of responses was observed in the heart rate. Cold pressor test. In the 10-19 years old group the cold pressor test induced an increase of SBP and DBP of 17.6 +/- 5.0 mmHg and 11.5 +/- 3.5 mmHg (mean +/- SE) respectively, this response remained unchanged up to 40-49 years old age. After 50-59 years old this SBP and DBP increase was reduced by 50% and 63% in the 60-69 and 70-79 years old groups respectively. Return of SBP and DBP to cold prestimulation levels was normal in all studied groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Changes produced by age in cardiovascular reflex responses]. 800 37

The relationship of body mass index, body fat, waist to hip ratio, fasting blood glucose and sum of blood glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test with casual blood pressure (BP) and BP parameters obtained by 24h ambulatory BP monitoring in 97 out-patients moderately obese (66 with android type obesity), normal glucose tolerance and mild hypertension at entry study, has been evaluated. A negative correlation between body mass index and systolic ambulatory BP levels as the 24h mean, daytime and nighttime, has been documented in all of the obese subjects; no correlations between body mass index and casual BP were shown. Only in the group of android type obese was the body mass index correlated positively with the casual DBP. Systolic 24h and nighttime BP values correlated positively with waist to hip ratio; the correlation coefficients improved in the subgroup of android type obese. By using 24h ambulatory BP monitoring, it may be possible to show that waist to hip ratio is a better predictor of systolic hypertension than other parameters such as those derived from weight and height measurements and body fat percentage.
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PMID:Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in evaluating the relationship between obesity and blood pressure. 802 4

In obesity, the systemic resistances (SR) are reduced while the blood volume is increased. The rise of cardiac output (CO), stress-induced, produces an increase in blood pressure (BP), as an hypertensive behavior of the stress-response. The aim of our study is to evaluate if, in obese subjects, the considerable increase of BP is more related to the rise of CO than to the rise of SR. For this reason we studied the behavior of BP through indexes derived from the ratio of SBP values at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th minutes of the recovery by the SBP value at the acme of stress. These indexes are under neurovegetative control, and were shown to be impaired in hypertensive pts. The results of ergometric stress test (EST) of 37 obese subjects (Ob+) (27 males and 10 females, mean age 46.2 +/- 7.3 years), determined according to Lorentz's formula, was compared with the parameters deduced from the EST of 18 normal subjects (Ob-) (13 males and 5 females, mean age 36.7 +/- 8.5). The exercise showed an increase, more pronounced in Ob+ subjects, of SBP and DBP, and this also persisted in the recovery phase. Although BP was significantly higher in the Ob+group, the SBP indexes did not differ in the two groups. Then, from these data it can be deduced that, although during EST in obese subjects there is an absolute increase of BP and this persists in the recovery phase, the behavior of this parameter probably cannot be related to alteration of neurovegetative system as demonstrated by the normal SBP indexes.
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PMID:[Arterial pressure in obese subjects during ergometric stress test and recovery]. 809 Feb 90

Effects of physical training on obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and disorders of glucose metabolism were investigated in 359 males, 30-59 years of age. Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and fructosamine (FA) were measured before and after the 2 month period of physical training at intensities of about 50% of maximal O2 uptake. Results are summarized as follows; 1. Means of BMI, SBP, DBP, TC and FA after the training were significantly lower than before the training. Mean of HDL-C was significantly higher than before the training. 2. In subjects with high BMI (n = 124), high SBP (n = 129) and high DBP (n = 128), means of BMI, SBP and DBP decreased with increase of training time per week. In subjects with low HDL-C (n = 104), high TC (n = 135) and high FA (n = 66), changes in means of TC, HDL-C and FA after the training did not show a relationship to training time per week. 3. Differences observed for measured values before and after the training of 2-3 hours per week were 0.4 kg/m2 in BMI, 15 mmHg in SBP and 10 mmHg in DBP, suggesting that training of 2-3 hours per week was effective in intervention of obesity and hypertension.
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PMID:[Effect of training fitness on obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and disorders in glucose metabolism]. 811 Oct 85

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is still relatively uncommon in the black population of South Africa. We embarked on a study to determine the prevalence of risk factors leading to CHD in the black population of Durban. The study sample was selected from patients attending a dental clinic at a hospital. A total of 458 Zulus (age range 16-69 years) were studied. The prevalence of CHD was 2.4%. The prevalence percentage of selected risk factors were: hypertension (SBP > or = 140 mmHg and/or a DBP > or = 90 mmHg) was 28%, males 31.9%, females 25.4%; protective levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol (HDLC/TC) (> or = 20%) were 81.3%; diabetes, males 4.9%, females 2.9%; smoking > or = ten cigarettes per day, males 28.1%, females 3.4%; obesity, males 3.7%, females 22.6%. We have found the Minnesota Coding System for ECG changes of CHD and Rose questionnaire to be unreliable for eliciting CHD in Blacks. Hypercholesterolaemia is less common and this may explain the low incidence of CHD in Blacks. Epidemics of CHD as seen in the Indian, 'mixed' and white South Africans can still be prevented in the black population but preventive measures must be instituted rapidly.
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PMID:Study of risk factors leading to coronary heart disease in urban Zulus. 811 40

The prevalence of predisposing atherosclerotic factors such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, smoking and consumption of animal fat in a cohort of all female students in the last class of high schools in Northwestern Greece was studied. A total of 590 students were included in the study. In all subjects body weight and height, SBP and DBP (in sitting position), total cholesterol and triglycerides (after 14 hours of fasting) were measured. Smoking and dietary habits were examined by a questionnaire. The results showed that 41.57% of the students were obese (Quetelet index > 22), 3.12% were considered as hypertensives (SBP > 140 mmHg and/or DBP > 90 mmHg), 14.19% had hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol > 5.439 mmol/l (210 mg/dl), 95th percentile in Greece), 4.7% had hypertriglyceridaemia (total triglycerides > 1.423 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) 95th percentile in Greece). Moreover, 22% consumed meat and 24% ate eggs at least four times per week. Only 13% of these students smoked habitually or occasionally. In conclusion, the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia and obesity in our cohort is significantly high and is correlated with nutritional factors. The detection of predisposing atherosclerotic factors in adolescents is of primary importance for early prevention of vascular damage.
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PMID:Atherosclerotic risk factors in female students of northwestern Greece. 811 41

Circulatory system examinations performed on first-grade pupils of junior high schools (12 years old; N = 1,204), identified 105 high-risk pupils with arteriosclerosis-promoting factors. These pupils were consulted on life-style modification, emphasizing nutrition and exercise, and encouraged to practice personal health management and self-monitoring. Reduction and correction of high risk factors were studied in these subjects, based on review of results of health examinations performed regularly up to the time of their graduation. Results are as follows: 1. Averages for obesity grade (for both sexes) in the second and the third years were significantly lower than that in the first year. Based on a general reference value > or = 20%, improvements were observed in 22.5% of males and 50.0% of females. 2. In both sexes average total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were lower in the second and the third years than in the first year, and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol was seen. With regard to a general reference value > or = 3.0 for AI (Atherogenic Index) calculated using TC and HDL cholesterol, improvements (reduction) were observed in 29.4%, of males and 46.2% of females. 3. While the numbers of subjects with elevated SBP, DBP, GPT, FPG and BUN were few, there were significant decreases in averages in the second and third years compared with those in the first year. Using general reference values, improvements in these risks were seen in 100% for all values except for GPT where 75.0% showed improvement. 4. Comparison of grouped distribution of summed values of examination results between the first year and the third year, showed improvements (reduction and correction of risks) in 69 pupils (65.7%), while 30 pupils (28.6%) remained in the same group with no improvement and 6 pupils (5.7%) turned for the worse, dropping one rank.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on the reduction and correction risk factors for arteriosclerosis in junior high school pupils]. 824 38

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important public health problems in developed countries. We have studied the epidemiology of the following cardiovascular disease risk factors in a random sample (n = 704) of the adult population of Catalonia (Spain): hypercholesterolemia (> or = 6.1) mmol/l or 240 mg/dl), hypertension (SBP > or = 160 and/or DBP > or = 95 mmHg), low HDL-cholesterol concentrations (< 0.9 mmol/l or 35 mg/dl), hypertriglyceridemia (> 2.8 mmol/l or 250 mg/dl), obesity (BMI > 30), smoking and history of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Two percent of participants had hypertriglyceridemia, 3% had a history of coronary heart disease, 4% a history of diabetes, 6% low HDL-cholesterol concentrations, 12% were obese, 20% had hypertension, 24% had hypercholesterolemia and 36% were smokers. 58% of hypertensive individuals had been previously detected, 46% were currently on treatment, and 21% had their blood pressure controlled (SBP < 160 and DBP < 95 mmHg). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors. Multiple linear regression analysis showed independent correlations between risk factors. Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, obesity and diabetes was higher and prevalence of smoking was lower in hypertensives than normotensives. The odds ratio was 3.68 (95% CI = 2.07-6.54) for hypercholesterolemia, 3.26 (95% CI = 1.52-7.02) for obesity, 3.81 (95% CI = 1.09-7.02) for diabetes and 0.40 (95% CI = 0.22-0.70) for smoking. The adjusted odds ratio was statistically significant for hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.01-3.75). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was similar to that observed in other Mediterranean communities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Catalonia (Spain). 824 92


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