Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty hospitalized, severely obese patients (40 +/- 2 yr, 82 +/- 4 percent weight excess) were submitted to a 13-d protein-supplemented fast (PSF) with 70 g milk proteins/d (1.26 MJ or 300 kcal). The mean weight loss during PSF was 5.4 +/- 0.3 kg corresponding to 422 +/- 39 g/d. Comparison of the urinary nitrogen excretion with daily protein intake revealed that the nitrogen balance was equilibrated during PSF. Blood glucose decreased moderately but significantly during the whole PSF period whereas plasma insulin was only reduced during the first 9 d and tended to rise thereafter. Plasma FFA increased rapidly and remained elevated until the end of the study (+ 60 per cent); serum total cholesterol and plasma triglycerides showed a 26 and a 35 per cent decrease respectively. Basal plasma glucagon was slightly increased. Due to the low sodium intake (42 mmol/d) urinary sodium excretion dropped rapidly. Simultaneously both systolic (-13 mmHg) and diastolic (-7 mmHg) arterial blood pressure decreased significantly. The biological tolerance was good: metabolic acidosis was prevented with sodium bicarbonate, excessive rise in serum uric acid was corrected with allopurinol and a marked decrease in serum potassium was avoided with an appropriate dose of spironolactone. Twenty-six patients could be weighed 6 to 15 months after PSF: 12 showed a further weight reduction (6.6 +/- 1.6 kg) and seven a discrete weight gain (1.0 +/- 0.4 kg). Thus, PSF was well accepted and was profitable in 19 out of our 30 patients. It should be restricted to cases of severe and refractory obesity and performed under careful medical supervision.
 ...
PMID:Hormonal and metabolic adaptation to protein-supplemented fasting in obese subjects. 704 25

Six (5 f, 1 m) massively obese, otherwise healthy subjects, were submitted for 4 weeks to a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD): 80 kcal, 335 kJ = 2.6 g N/day (17 g protein, 0 CHO and fat). Daily urinary creatinine excretion (UCE) and weekly nitrogen loss (NL) were determined during the whole period of treatment. Both NL and UCE decreased from the second week of treatment indicating a progressive sparing effect on lean body mass (LBM). A positive correlation (r = 0.991, P less than 0.001) was observed between mean daily UCE and NL, indicating that NL during prolonged fasting in obesity is possibly influenced by the lean body mass of the individual.
 ...
PMID:Nitrogen loss and urinary creatinine excretion during fasting in massive obesity. 706 19

Twelve male subjects were exposed to a toluene concentration of about 300 mg/m3 in the inspiratory air during rest and/or physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Each subject was exposed during four 30-min periods. Before exposure the subjects' body fat was calculated by means of underwater weighing and skeletal measurements. Needle biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue were taken up to 12 d after the exposure was concluded. The concentration of toluene in the adipose tissue was determined by gas chromatography after evaporation into nitrogen at a high temperature. After exposure at rest for 2 h, the mean concentration of toluene in adipose tissue was 0.7 mg (7.7 mumol)/kg. The corresponding value after 2 h of work at 50 W was 9.9 mg (109 mumol)/kg. There was a declining concentration of toluene in adipose tissue with an increasing degree of obesity. The half-time for toluene in adipose tissue ranged between 0.5 and 2.7 d. It increased with increasing amounts of body fat.
 ...
PMID:Exposure to toluene: concentration in subcutaneous adipose tissue. 713 23

Young female obese (ob/ob) and lean mice were fed a single diet containing 10 or 20% casein or were allowed to self-select from two diets containing 10 and 50, 20 and 60, or 30 and 70% casein for 3 weeks. Obese and lean mice offered a choice of two diets varying in protein-consumed 36% and 32%, respectively, of energy from protein. Although both obese and lean mice consumed more protein when allowed to self-select, each group maintained the same energy intake as observed when a single diet was fed. Because obese mice consumed more energy than lean mice, their self-selected intake of protein was 55% greater than observed in lean mice. The increased protein intake in self-selected obese mice was associated with a decreased tryptophan:large neutral amino acid ratio in their plasma. Average nitrogen retention was only slightly less in obese mice than in lean mice, but the sites of nitrogen deposition differed considerably. Obese mice retained only 35% of their nitrogen in the carcass (skeletal muscle and skeleton) while lean mice retained 58% of their nitrogen in the carcass. In summary, young obese mice allowed to self-select from two diets varying in protein and carbohydrate consumed more protein and more energy, but deposited less nitrogen in their carcasses, than lean mice. Hyperphagia in young obese mice is not directly linked to an increased demand for dietary protein.
 ...
PMID:Protein intake regulation and nitrogen retention in young obese and lean mice. 719 28

Obese individuals maintained for 64 days on either of two low-calorie diets (600-800 kcal/day), consisting of protein alone or protein plus carbohydrate, varied widely in the extent of their cumulative nitrogen deficits. Rates of weight loss showed little correlation with rates of nitrogen loss after the first 28 days of the study. The low-calorie diet consisting entirely of protein increased blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations far more than did a diet consisting of equal parts of protein and carbohydrate. The diet which consisted almost entirely of protein did not spare body protein better or induce a greater rate of weight loss than did the mixture of protein and carbohydrate.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic effects of substituting carbohydrate for protein in a low-calorie diet: a prolonged study in obese patients. 727 60

Obese patients (44) were studied on a 320 kcal diet for one to two months. No ECG changes were seen in 43 patients. One patient showed a transient T wave inversion after six weeks dieting, but the significance of this finding is doubtful. We have found a 320 kcal formula diet a safe and effective method of out-patient weight reduction with no patient showing any ECG abnormality in the first four weeks of dieting. ECGs and medical supervision are recommended for patients maintained on low-calorie diets for periods longer than a month. Nitrogen balance reached equilibrium in five to six weeks. Biochemical estimations showed minor changes such as falls in the serum cholesterol and rises in the alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin, but no clinically important changes were observed. One patient on propranolol for hypertension developed postural hypotension and required substantial reduction of medication.
 ...
PMID:Low-calorie-formula diets--are they safe? 727 63

Three years of clinical experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are summarized. Serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, hematocrit, nerve conduction velocity, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, serum proteins, and electrolytes have been maintained in acceptable ranges. Peritonitis, although reduced in incidence because of solutions in plastic bags and a new adapter, is still a problem. Excessive carbohydrate absorption, obesity, and high serum triglyceride concentrations may be long-term problems in some patients.
 ...
PMID:Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: three-year experience at one center. 738 1

Adult obese (ob/ob) and lean male mice were fed severely-restricted amounts (approximately 20 to 30 per cent of ad-libitum intake) of either a high-carbohydrate, high-fat or high-protein diet for three weeks. All mice were fed an equal amount of metabolizable energy. Total body fat, total body nitrogen and skeletal-muscle nitrogen were measured in separate groups of mice initially and following three weeks of energy restriction. Obese mice lost 38 to 75 per cent more body energy than did lean mice. Fat accounted for most of the total energy lost (80 to 95 per cent). Obese mice lost more fat, but less protein, than lean mice. Of the total body protein lost by lean mice, 40 to 50 per cent was from skeletal muscle; but obese mice lost very little skeletal-muscle protein. Composition of the diet fed did not significantly affect losses of body weight, fat or protein in either obese or lean mice; mice fed the high-protein diet had heavier livers and kidneys. These results suggest that adult obese mice expend more total energy than lean mice. In addition, loss of body protein during restricted energy intake may be more closely related to remaining body fat stores than to composition of the diet.
 ...
PMID:Changes in body composition of adult obese (ob/ob) and lean mice fed restricted levels of diets high in carbohydrate, fat or protein. 739 Jul 2

Nitrogen balance has been measured in 25 (16 f, 9m) patients with severe obesity submitted for four weeks to total fasting (TF) or different versions of protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF). The hospitalized patients, divided into four age-matched groups, were treated as follows:Group 1, were submitted to TF; Group 2 were treated by 80 kcal-PSMF (17 g protein=2.6 g N, traces of fat and carbohydrate); Group 3 were submitted to 180 kcal-PSMF (40 g protein = 6.4 g N, 2 g fat, traces carbohydrate) and Group IV, to 80/180 kcal-PSMF (80 kcal during the 1st and 2nd week and 180 kcal during the 3rd and 4th week of treatment). Weight loss was similar (-11 kg) in Gps 1, 2 and 4; lower (-8 kg) in Gp 3. Mean daily Nitrogen loss was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Gps 3 and 4 than in Gps 1 and 2. Nitrogen loss was significantly reduced from the 3rd week onward in Gps 1 (P < 0.005), 2 (P < 0.05) and 4 (P < 0.002). During 180 kcal-PSMF nitrogen loss was significantly lower (P < 0.005) only when this dietary regimen was preceded by 80 kcal-PSMF for two weeks (Gp 4). These observations suggest a new approach to the treatment of severe obesity by PSMF and show that is is possible to further reduce the early catabolic phase which commonly arises during this type of therapy.
 ...
PMID:Protein-sparing modified fast in the treatment of severe obesity: weight loss and nitrogen balance data. 741 36

A genetic variant of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been produced which becomes markedly obese as well as hypertensive, i.e. Obese/SHR weigh 800 g as against 300 g for non-obese cohorts. Serum enzymes (CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH) are frequently abnormally elevated, concomitantly with a high incidence of myocardial necrosis. Obese/SHR are hyperlipidaemic with severe fatty infiltration of the liver; they are hyperglycaemic with enormous islets of Langerhans and extensive beta-cell degranulation; despite elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, they manifest little or no renal damage. Measurement of corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and aldosterone in Obese/SHR demonstrate marked hyper-responsiveness to moderate stress. Circulating prolactin levels are lower in Obese and non-obese/SHR compared to SHR, but Obese/SHR manifest unusually high increases incirculating prolactin levels in response to stress. Obese/SHR are hyperinsulinaemic and have subnormal growth-hormone levels. Desite mild hypertension, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, Obese/SHR show no evidence of atheromatous change but do develop early polyarteritis nodosa. It is believed that the genetically programmed hypertension and hyperglycaemia is mediated by increased DOC, aldosterone and corticosterone production respectively, and that the obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in Obese/SHR may be likened to human Cushing's disease.
 ...
PMID:Pathophysiological differences between obese and non-obese spontaneously hypertensive rats. 742 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>