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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The nutritional status of black and Hispanic mothers living in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, New York, was evaluated, using three-day dietary recall, a questionnaire on food buying and preparation techniques, and anthropometric measurements. Mean nutrient intake of both groups was considerably lower than the 1974 Recommended Dietary Allowances for all nutrients studied except protein, ascorbic acid, and phosphorus. Body weight and triceps skinfold values for both groups were higher than standard, suggesting obesity. Reasons for these findings are discussed with emphasis on the importance of nutrition education.
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PMID:Nutritive intake of black and Hispanic mothers in a Brooklyn ghetto. 51 76

Behavioral modification holds promise of being an effective mode of therapy for obesity. It focuses on changing clients' eating habits and does not always include specific dietary guidance. This study was conducted to learn whether such behavior modification training results in the adoption of nutritionally sound dietary patterns. Originally, the diets of fifteen individuals met two-thirds of all Recommended Dietary Allowances. After a twenty-week program, the only nutrients below this level were iron, thiamin, and calcium. Other changes involved an increase in nutrient density for protein, fiber, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, and cholesterol. Nutrient density for carbohydrates, fat, and calcium decreased.
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PMID:Changes in nutrient intake during a behavioral weight control program. 76 58

The results from the carried out investigations on fertility indices of ejaculate are reported as well as on the spermatogenic activity test with radioactive phosphorus and on the determination of total gonadotropic excretion in urine of males with high degree of obesity. A statistically significant decrease of all investigated in dices of ejaculate and the test of spermatogenic activity was found. The decreased gonadotropic activity in over half of the patients investigated with obesity, as well as the manifestations of diencephalic alterations in them made the authors admit the secondary character of the gonad disorders.
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PMID:[Functional state of the genital system in men with obesity]. 87 50

During a metabolic ward study, the addition of dietary fiber in the form of wheat bran biscuits to the diet of five volunteer subjects resulted in an increase in the stool wet weight and fecal solids. The excretion of fecal solids was highly correlated with the intake of unavailable carbohydrates, and fecal losses of water were similarly correlated with fecal excretion of these constituents. The major component of the increase in fecal solids was due to the noncellulosic polysaccharide fraction of dietary fiber. There was an increased fecal excretion of nitrogen fat and energy by most subjects when the supplement was eaten. However, the increased loss of energy in the feces was only 40-80 kcal/day, and therefore a large supplemental intake of dietary fiber had only minor effects on energy metabolism. Supplemental fiber is thus unlikely to induce a useful loss of calories in the management of obesity. The addition of dietary fiber caused an increased excretion of most inorganic constituents, particularly sodium and phosphorus; increased excretion of iron and magnesium was also found in two subjects.
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PMID:Metabolic responses to dietary supplements of bran. 96 16

The results of the study have shown that the nutrition of rural population is characterized by excessive consumption of bread and baked products, by high content of phosphorus, magnesium and iron, low content of animal proteins, vegetable oils, calcium, vitamins A, ascorbic acid and riboflavin. The incidence of cardiovascular, respiratory and alimentary diseases in this group of population was rather high. The nutrition of students is characterized by excessive consumption of polysaccharides, vegetable oils, thiamine, niacin, ascorbic acid (in winter-spring period), and calcium. Diseases associated with nutrition disorders (obesity, hepatitis, cholecystitis, colitis) are most often recorded in this group of population.
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PMID:[Actual nutrition and health of several groups of rural and urban population of the Republic of Georgia]. 138 91

Retrospective analysis included 316 case histories of diabetic patients treated at the Silesian Rheumatology Hospital in 1987-1988. An analysis included causes of disorders, calcium-phosphorus metabolism disturbances, lipid and purine disorders. Statistical parameters were compared with the type of diabetes mellitus, duration of the disease, sex, age and obesity. There were 10% of inflammatory rheumatic disorders (6.4% rheumatic arthritis, 1.7% of rheumatoid spondylosis and 2% of other disorders) in the analysed case histories, and 32% of degenerative disorders (19% of vertebral column joints and 12.7% of other joints). Degenerative disorders were noted more frequently in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, treated with insulin, while spondylopathies were particularly frequent in female patients of this group. Biochemical disorders in the form of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, signs of lesions to the liver and kidneys were more increasing with the duration of the disease and the degree of insulin-dependence. Locomotive system disorders are not related only to primary articular lesions. They depend also on diabetic neuro-vascular complications and osteopenia.
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PMID:[Why are diabetic patients treated at rheumatological hospitals?]. 140 36

Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinoma in patients with long-term primary hypothyroidism have been recognized for decades. We report a case of 57-year-old female patient with lingual thyroid and cretinism who had a high serum prolactin level (greater than 200 ng/ml) and a pituitary tumor with suprasellar and parasellar extension. The tumor regressed to a size undetectable by CT scan after 2 years of thyroid hormone replacement therapy, but complete normalization of the hyperprolactinemia required additional bromocriptine therapy. This patient showed generalized short metacarpal and phalangeal bones, calcification of the basal ganglia and dentate nuclei bilaterally, and subcutaneous calcification at both gluteal regions, while serum calcium, phosphorus and c-PTH levels were all normal. Thus in addition to short stature, brachydactyly, a round face, and obesity, which are related to hypothyroidism, she also presented features uniquely mimicking the Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy seen in patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. Since she had no family history of pseudohypoparathyroidism and had a normal level of Gs alpha protein on the membrane of the red blood cells, there is no evidence of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. The cause of the ectopic calcification remains unknown.
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PMID:Intracranial calcification and brachydactyly mimicking Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy in an adult patient with lingual thyroid and prolactinoma-like lesion. 167 15

Gastric exclusion has been introduced as a surgical treatment for morbid obesity. We describe two women who had undergone gastric bypass for obesity with metabolic bone disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism. In one patient transiliac bone biopsy after double tetracycline labelling demonstrated histologic evidence of hyperparathyroidism with osteitis fibrosa cystica. Six additional women who had undergone gastric exclusion were evaluated. Serum phosphorus, calcium, and creatinine were normal in all but one patient who had hypocalcemia. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was elevated in seven of eight patients and urinary calcium was less than or equal to 2 mmol/d (80 mg/24 h) in 6 patients. Lumbar spine bone mineral density was 86 +/- 7 (mean +/- SE) per cent of predicted and femoral neck bone mineral density was 89 +/- 6 per cent of predicted. Women who have had gastric exclusion for obesity may develop secondary hyperparathyroidism which could result in loss of bone mass.
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PMID:Secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteopenia in women following gastric exclusion surgery for obesity. 179 Apr 6

Recently, we reported that the blunted natriuretic ability related to an attenuation of renal dopaminergic activity might play an important role in the hypertensive mechanisms of overweight patients with essential hypertension. On the other hand, the interrelationships between obesity, blood pressure and renal sodium handling in normotensives (NT) have not been clear. The purpose of the present study is to reveal the role of renal dopaminergic activity on renal sodium handling in overweight NT. The study consisted of 52 hospitalized NT receiving a regular diet containing 200mEq of sodium, 75mEq of potassium, 2400kcal/day, who were divided into two groups of 31 non-obese (NNT) and 21 obese (ONT) subjects. NNT was categorized as the body mass index (BMI) less than, and ONT as the BMI equal to or more than, 25kg/m2. In the early morning, after overnight fasting, all subjects remained in a supine state and were examined for renal clearance. During the clearance period, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) and of inorganic phosphorus (FEP) and urinary excretion of free dopamine (uDA) were determined. There were no significant differences in age, HR, Ccr or UNaV between the two groups. Higher MAP and lower FENa) were observed in ONT than in NNT, but the differences in these parameters were not statistically significant. However, FENa in ONT was significantly lower than in MAP-and Ccr-matched NNT. In addition, FENa correlated negatively with BMI in ONT, unlike in NNT. MAP was correlated positively with FENa, and a similar tendency was found between MAP and FEP in NNT, but not in ONT. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between BMI and uDA in either NNT or ONT. This result was different from our previous data in patients with essential hypertension (EHT) in which BMI correlated with uDA positively in non-obese EHT and negatively in obese EHT. These findings suggest that blunted natriuretic ability may exist in ONT, and the role of renal dopaminergic activity related to the attenuated natriuretic ability in ONT may be less important than in obese EHT.
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PMID:[Renal sodium handling and renal dopaminergic activity in overweight normotensive subjects]. 188 10

Psittacines are often classified as seed eaters despite studies that have established great diversity in food habits in the wild. While seeds are consumed, so are flowers, buds, leaves, fruits and cambium. Some psittacines consume part of greater than 80 species of grasses, forbs, shrubs and trees. In addition, insects may be important. Although there are few controlled studies of the requirements of psittacines, it is probable that most nutrient needs are comparable to those of domesticated precocial birds that have been thoroughly studied. Commercial seed mixes for psittacines commonly contain corn, sunflower, safflower, pumpkin and squash seeds, wheat, peanuts, millet, oat groats and buckwheat, although other seeds may be present. Because hulls/shells comprise 18-69% of these seeds and they are removed before swallowing, a significant proportion of typical seed mixtures is waste. Some of the seeds also are very high in fat and promote obesity. Common nutrient deficiencies of decorticated seeds include lysine, calcium, available phosphorus, sodium, manganese, zinc, iron, iodine, selenium, vitamins A, D, E and K, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, available niacin, vitamin B-12 and choline. Attempts to correct these deficiencies by incorporating pellets into seed mixes are usually thwarted by rejection of the pellets and disproportionate consumption of items that are more highly favored. An extruded diet formulated to meet the projected nutrient needs of psittacines was fed with fruits and vegetables to eight species of psittacines for 1 y. Fledging percentage was increased to 90% from the 66% observed during the previous 2 y when these psittacines were fed seeds, fruits and vegetables. Although this extruded diet was well accepted in a mixture of fruits and vegetables and met nutrient needs, analyses have shown that not all commercial formulated diets are of equal merit.
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PMID:Formulated diets versus seed mixtures for psittacines. 194 Dec 26


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