Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Abnormalities of copper distribution in tissues and serum has been described in obese subjects. In this prospective study, we evaluated the seric level of copper by atomic absorption in a group of 32 obese (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) compared to a group of 32 healthy subjects. We have noted an elevation of serum copper in obese with a middle level of 133 mg/dl significantly superior to the middle level of serum copper of healthy subjects, 108 mg/dl (p < 0.001). In another hand, we have noticed that the levels of serum cooper rise with the BMI. In fact, 58.3% of the obese that have a BMI > or = 40 kg/m2 show a high concentration of serum copper although only 5% of obese with BMI < 40 kg/m2 show this high concentration. This work must be completed by the determination of ceruloplasmin levels in a larger group of obese in order to establish correlations between the serum ceruloplasmin levels, the serum copper levels and the obesity.
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PMID:[Serum copper levels in obesity: a study of 32 cases]. 1177 33

For millennia, food has been at the center of social events, in times of joy and in times of sorrow. Protein-energy malnutrition is associated with a significant impairment of cell-mediated immunity, phagocyte function, complement system, secretory immunoglobulin A antibody concentrations, and cytokine production. Deficiency of single nutrients also results in altered immune response: this is observed even when the deficiency state is relatively mild. Of the micronutrients, zinc, selenium, iron, copper, vitamins A, C, E and B(6), and folic acid have important influences on immune responses. Overnutrition and obesity also reduce immunity. Low-birth-weight infants have a prolonged impairment of cell-mediated immunity that can be partly restored by providing extra amounts of dietary zinc. In the elderly, impaired immunity can be enhanced by modest amounts of a combination of micronutrients. These findings have considerable practical and public health significance.
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PMID:Nutrition and the immune system from birth to old age. 1214 69

The presence of steatosis and inflammatory infiltrate in liver biopsies is essential for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). These findings are similar to those with alcoholic liver disease. However, in the NASH-situation alcohol doesn't play an important role. Risk factors for the development of NASH are obesity and diabetes. Most of the patients are clinically asymptomatic. This means, that a diagnosis of NASH is a diagnosis of exclusion: Viral induced, autoimmune, metabolic and toxic liver disease have to be excluded. The disease has a benign clinical course. The risk of cirrhosis is low. So far, there is no established treatment. Preliminary reports suggest a positive effect of weight-loss and ursodeoxycholic acid. Wilson's disease, a copper storage disorder, in which biliary copper excretion is reduced, is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Most patients with Wilson disease become symptomatic between the ages of 6 and 15. In about 90% of patients serum ceruloplasmin levels and serum copper concentrations are reduced. Copper excreation is increased. Histologic examination of liver biopsy specimens reveals fatty infiltration, Mallory bodies and ballooned glycogen nuclei, abnormalities which are also found in alcoholic liver disease. The definitive diagnostic parameter is the quantitative determination of liver copper content (> 250 micrograms/g dryweight). Untreated Wilson disease is always fatal. Lifelong treatment with anti-copper drugs are essential, D-penicillamine being the firstline therapy. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an iron overload disease inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The frequency of the disease is high. The first symptoms usually can be found at the age of 20-50 years. Arthralgia develops in up to 50% of the patients. Many organs are involved, most often the liver. The organ is usually enlarged, transaminases are always moderately elevated. Laboratory findings disclose a marked elevation in serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. More than 80% of HH-patients are homozygous for the C282Y-mutation in the HFE-gene. The firstline treatment of HH is phlebotomy. Treatment is lifelong. When serum ferritin drops below 50 micrograms/l, the frequency of phlebotomy should be reduced (4-12 per year). If the patient already has cirrhosis, the risk of HCC is very high.
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PMID:[Rare, but important chronic liver diseases]. 1250 71

Endogenous malondialdehyde and diene conjugate levels, the susceptibility of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins to copper-induced lipid peroxidation, and antibody titer against oxidized low-density lipoproteins were increased, but serum antioxidant activity was unchanged in obese women. Serum cholesterol, low-density lipoproteincholesterol, and trigliceride levels were also elevated, but high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels remained unchanged in obese women. In vitro, oxidation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and levels of antibody against oxidized low-density lipoprotein correlated with body mass index, serum total cholesterol, and low-density lipoproteincholesterol levels in obese women. These results indicate that obesity is associated with increases in endogenous lipid peroxides, oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, and lipids in serum.
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PMID:An increase in lipoprotein oxidation and endogenous lipid peroxides in serum of obese women. 1262 7

In this paper the authors tried to evaluate and compare the dietary habits of elderly people living in rural and urban areas. The data were collected from 591 men and women aged 61-96 years, using 24-h dietary recall. Energy and selected nutrients content in daily diet was calculated basing on these data. The energy and macronutrients content in daily diet of rural and urban residents was similar. However, the intake of some vitamins and minerals, especially beta-carotene and ascorbic acid, in men and women and potassium and magnesium in women, was lower in rural than in urban population. Daily energy intake in men was higher, and in women adequate to the recommended values. The per cent of energy from fat was high, while that from carbohydrates was relatively low in the daily diet of men and women. The study subjects had high intake of sodium, phosphorus, vitamin A, and insufficient intake of calcium, zinc, copper, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and women had also low intake of iron, potassium, thiamin and niacin in comparison with Polish dietary allowances. Improper dietary habits significantly increase the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and osteoporosis among the studied subjects.
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PMID:[Dietary intake elderly subjects in rural and urban area in Poland]. 1266 49

Leptin, the obesity gene protein product, is a hormone with multiple physiological functions in the human. However, there are few reports in the literature on its role in trace element metabolism in the normal population. Therefore, we investigated the association among serum leptin, zinc, copper, and zinc/copper ratio in 570 healthy men and women aged 15 yr and older. Serum leptin assay was done with a commercial enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kit; serum zinc and copper levels were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum leptin was found to be positively associated with age (r=0.254, p<0.001), sex (r=0.406, p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (r=0.553, p<0.001), and serum copper (r=0.419, p<0.001), but negatively associated with the zinc/copper ratio (r=-0.423, p<0.001). There was no significant association between serum leptin and zinc (r= -0.131, p>0.05). When the confounding effects of age, sex, and BMI were removed, serum leptin was still positively associated with serum copper (r=0.197, p=0.02) and the serum zinc/copper ratio (r=-0.182, p=0.03). These results suggest that copper and not zinc has an effect on serum leptin levels.
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PMID:Serum copper levels and not zinc are positively associated with serum leptin concentrations in the healthy adult population. 1525 23

The objective of this study was to assess weight changes over time in reproductive-age women using nonhormonal contraception [copper intrauterine device (IUD) users]. Baseline variables recorded included age, parity, decade when the IUD was inserted and the presence of hypertension. A total of 1697 IUD users were followed for 7 years of use. The mean age (+/- SD) of the women at the beginning of follow-up was 27.6 +/- 5.8 years and the mean height (+/- SD) was 150 +/- 10 cm. The mean weight (+/- SD) at the time of IUD insertion was 58.5 +/- 0.30 kg. After 5 and 7 years of follow-up, the mean weight (+/- SD) was 61.2 +/- 0.33 kg and 62.4 +/- 0.51 kg, respectively. At insertion, the body mass index mean (+/- SD) was 24.5 +/- 0.12 and after 3 years it was 25 +/- 0.14, remaining above 25 up to the 7th year of observation. During the 7 years of follow-up, older women gained more weight than younger women. Parity, decade of IUD insertion and hypertension were not noted to be significant determinants of weight variation. In conclusion, this cohort of lower and middle class Brazilian copper IUD users tended to gain weight during their reproductive life, independent of other factors. These observations may improve counseling of women regarding the prevention of age-related obesity.
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PMID:Weight variation in a cohort of women using copper IUD for contraception. 1287 83

Obesity is accompanied by a high incidence of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the pathogenesis of which is associated with oxygen-derived free radicals. The aim of the study was to compare blood oxidation status in obese women without coexisting diseases and in healthy women with normal body mass index (BMI). Studies were performed in 29 premenopausal obese (BMI 35.79 +/- 4.62 kg/m2) and 31 lean (BMI 22.29 +/- 1.05 kg/m2) women. Plasma lipid profile, activities of antioxidant enzymes: copper/zinc (Cu/ZnSOD) and manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA)--a product of lipid peroxidation, were examined. In obese women there were significantly higher concentrations of total cholesterol (5.02 +/- 0.83 vs. 4.15 +/- 0.43 mmol/l; p < 0.05), LDL-cholesterol (3.12 +/- 0.90 vs. 2.35 +/- 0.42 mmol/l; p < 0.05) and triglycerides (1.72 +/- 0.85 vs. 1.02 +/- 0.18 mmol/l; p < 0.01), while HDL-cholesterol level was lower (1.01 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.25 +/- 0.2 mmol/l; p < 0.05). Moreover, in comparison to the control group, obese women showed increased activities of plasma MnSOD (6.72 +/- 1.43 vs. 4.99 +/- 0.58 NU/ml; p < 0.05) and erythrocyte GSH-Px (35.38 +/- 10.31 vs. 19.15 +/- 7.12 mumol NADPH2/g Hb/min; p < 0.001), and concentrations of plasma MDA (2.93 +/- 0.53 vs. 2.16 +/- 0.31 mumol/l; p < 0.05) and erythrocyte MDA (2.24 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.59 +/- 0.36 mumol/g Hb; p < < 0.001). There were no differences between the two groups in activities of plasma and erythrocyte Cu/ZnSOD. In conclusion, the results demonstrate disturbances in oxidation status in premenopausal obese women with abnormal lipid profile, which may indicate the association between oxygen-derived free radicals and the increase in the incidence of obesity-related diseases.
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PMID:[Assessment of blood superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde concentration as oxidation status parameters in obese women]. 1468 7

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAO) are copper-containing enzymes that oxidatively deaminate primary amines to produce hydrogen peroxide, ammonium, and specific aldehydes. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a cell surface and soluble molecule that possesses SSAO activity. VAP-1 protein, SSAO activity, and SSAO reaction products are elevated in the serum of patients with diabetes, congestive heart failure, and specific inflammatory liver diseases. By expressing human VAP-1/SSAO on mouse endothelial cells and subsequently in the serum, and by chronically treating the transgenic mice for 15 months with a high-fat diet and a physiological substrate for SSAO, methylamine, the in vivo roles of SSAO were assessed. The VAP-1 transgene increased the mouse body mass index and subcutaneous abdominal fat pad weights in a manner independent of food consumption. The transgene together with increased SSAO substrate availability enhanced glucose uptake in an SSAO-dependent manner. The increased SSAO activity also led to diabetes-like complications, including advanced glycation end product formation, elevated blood pressure, altered atherosclerosis progression, and nephropathy. These findings suggest that, although manipulation of VAP-1/SSAO has potential to serve as a therapeutic treatment in insulin-resistant conditions, care must be taken to fully understand its impact on obesity and vascular damage.
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PMID:Semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase overexpression has dual consequences: insulin mimicry and diabetes-like complications. 1497 83

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, frequently associated with obesity, can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. The pathophysiology of NASH is poorly understood, and no effective treatment is available. In view of a potential deleterious role for reactive oxygen species (ROS), we investigated the origin of ROS overproduction in NASH. Mitochondrial production of ROS and its alterations in the presence of antioxidant molecules were studied in livers from ob/ob mice that bear a mutation of the leptin gene and develop experimental NASH. N-acetyl-cysteine and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics ambroxol, manganese [III] tetrakis (5,10,15,20 benzoic acid) (MnTBAP), and copper [II] diisopropyl salicylate (CuDIPS) were used to target different checkpoints of the oxidative cascade to determine the pathways involved in ROS production. Liver mitochondria from ob/ob mice generated more O(2)*- than those of lean littermates (P <.01). Ex vivo, all three SOD mimics decreased O(2)*- generation (P <.001) and totally inhibited lipid peroxidation (P <.001) versus untreated ob/ob mice. Those modifications were associated with in vivo improvements: MnTBAP and CuDIPS reduced weight (P <.02) and limited the extension of histological liver steatosis by 30% and 52%, respectively, versus untreated ob/ob mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrate deleterious effects of superoxide anions in NASH and point at the potential interest of nonpeptidyl mimics of SOD in the treatment of NASH in humans.
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PMID:Pivotal role of superoxide anion and beneficial effect of antioxidant molecules in murine steatohepatitis. 1512 56


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