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 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the relationship between maximum venous outflow (MVO) of the leg and development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) using a Mercury strain gauge was carried out in 56 unilateral DVT patients. The data from these patients were compared with those obtained from several control groups. Then, the relationship between plethysmographic and 9 clinical variables was statistically analysed in the normal legs of these patients. The mean MVO of the normal legs of these patients was significantly higher than that of the affected legs, but it was significantly lower than those of normal controls and patients with mild congestive heart disease. However, it was similar to those in patients with lymphedema and obese men. A decrease in the MVO of the normal legs of these patients was noted in older females with femoral vein obstruction of the left leg, with a shorter number of days from the onset of symptoms or with higher values for the obesity index and calf circumference. Significant correlations between the MVO and the obesity index (r = -0.59), venous capacitance (VC, r = 0.49) and the number of days from the onset of symptoms (r = 0.40) were found in the normal right legs of these patients (n = 40). In the normal left legs (n = 16), on the other hand, significant correlations were found between the MVO and the VC (r = 0.65) and the MVO and age (r = -0.65).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Maximum venous outflow and development of deep vein thrombosis. 203 May 45

The purposes of this study were to document the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in twenty black children to compare methods of measurement of blood pressure, body composition, and smoking; and to evaluate the effects of a ten week aerobic exercise training programme on blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking behaviour, and oxygen consumption. At pretest 25% of the children had blood pressures above the 90th percentile for their age or gender, 60% had a total cholesterol above 180 mg/dl and 35% exceeded 28% body fat. The mean difference score between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure measurements using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer and the Dinamap manometer was 1.5 (P less than 0.01) and 14.9 (P less than 0.0001) respectively. There was no significant difference in any of the methods used to measure body composition. Finally, there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the dependent variables. Although the investigators identified the presence of elevated blood pressure, elevated total cholesterol, and obesity in this sample, the aerobic exercise training programme did not alter the risk profile. The authors urge caution in interpreting these results. Selection of the method for measurement of BP should be made with caution. A clear understanding of how each instrument works and its precision must be considered. Selection of the method for measurement of body composition can be based upon factors such as availability of equipment, cost, convenience, and subject preference.
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PMID:Exercise and cardiovascular risk in black children. 233 83

Blood pressure was studied in 2,153 healthy children of both sexes, from 0 to 18 years of age; 1,115 were males and 1,038 females. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured in the sitting position by the auscultatory method on the right arm with a mercury sphygmomanometer using an appropriate cuff size. Systolic blood pressure was measured on the first sound and diastolic blood pressure in the fourth phase of Korotkoff. In children younger than 3 years blood pressure was measured in the decubitus supine position using the Doppler technique. There were no significant differences in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes. But the percentage of systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 130 mmHg was higher in males than females (p less than or equal to 0.01). 8.4% of the total population had systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 130 mmHg, and 1.3% had diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. The annual increase rates of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 2.31/0.94 mmHg in males and 2/0.97 mmHg in females. Children with blood pressure greater than or equal to the 95th percentile had a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and obesity. 54% of the variation in systolic blood pressure was explained by the association of weight, subscapular skinfold, body mass index and C-HDL. 30% of the variation in diastolic blood pressure was explained by the association of weight, obesity index, subscapular skinfold and C-HDL.
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PMID:[The Fuenlabrada study: arterial pressure in children and adolescents]. 261 41

Essential hypertension in children is difficult to define and is probably very rare. Of 44 children and adolescents diagnosed between 1966 and 1980 to have essential hypertension, we found that only 8 patients continued to be hypertensive, 3 patients turned out to have secondary hypertension and only 5 patients continued to have elevated blood pressures. The incidence of obesity was high in our patients initially diagnosed to have hypertension, but had normalized their weight at the time of reevaluation. The patients with sustained hypertension had initial diastolic blood pressures over 90 mm of mercury at an age of under 12 years and over 100 mm of mercury when older than 12 years of age.
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PMID:[Does essential hypertension exist in childhood?]. 666 52

Total (T-Hg) and inorganic (I-Hg) mercury concentrations were determined in specific brain sites (cerebellum, occipital pole, pons, motor strip, frontal pole, temporal pole, thalamus, and pituitary) of female Macaca fascicularis monkeys exposed to daily peroral doses (50 micrograms Hg/kg body weight) of methyl mercury (MeHg) for 6, 12, or 18 months, or to continuous iv infusion of HgCl2 (200 micrograms Hg/kg body wt). In normal weight monkeys (2.4-4.1 kg body wt), the average concentration of MeHg (calculated as T-Hg minus I-Hg) was about the same in all brain sites, except the pituitary--3.0 micrograms Hg/g at 6 months, 4.2 micrograms/g at 12 months, and 4.3 micrograms Hg/g at 18 months. MeHg concentrations in the pituitary were about 50% of those in the other brain sites. In a group of monkeys that were kept unexposed for 6 months following 12 months of MeHg exposure, T 1/2 for MeHg was about 37 days in all brain sites, with the exception of the pituitary, where it was shorter. The concentration of I-Hg increased in all brain sites, but especially in the thalamus and pituitary, with the time of MeHg exposure. In most brain sites, I-Hg constituted about 9% of T-Hg at 6 and 12 months, and 12% of T-Hg at 18 months. In the pituitary, I-Hg increased from 20% of T-Hg at 6 months to 46% at 18 months. Elimination T 1/2 for I-Hg was extremely long, 230-540 days in most brain sites and considerably longer in the thalamus and pituitary. The concentration of I-Hg in the thalamus did not decrease during the clearance period (6 months), while I-Hg in the pituitary continued to increase in spite of no additional exposure. The MeHg exposed monkeys had several times higher I-Hg concentrations in the brain than monkeys exposed to HgCl2, indicating that I-Hg was formed by demethylation of MeHg in the brain, and not by brain uptake of I-Hg formed by demethylation elsewhere in the body. There were large variations in the relative concentration of I-Hg between individual monkeys, but not between brain sites (except thalamus and pituitary). Obese monkeys (5.0-6.1 kg body wt) exposed to MeHg had higher concentrations of both MeHg and I-Hg than normal weight monkeys in all brain sites, except in the pituitary.
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PMID:Demethylation of methyl mercury in different brain sites of Macaca fascicularis monkeys during long-term subclinical methyl mercury exposure. 757 Jun 4

A study was conducted on two thousand five hundred and sixty school children to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in apparently healthy school children of a prosperous, industrialized city of Punjab. The children belonged to 5-15 years age group of both sexes. The weight (kg) was taken by a standardized weighing machine while height was measured using a calibrated bar. For diagnosing obesity, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated by the formula: [formula: see text] A value of > or = 2.26 was considered as obesity. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken by a a mercury sphygmomanometer as per the recommendations of American Heart Association. Hypertension was diagnosed if blood pressure was more than 95th percentile for the age. Family history of hypertension was enquired from the parents of children. The BP of the hypertensive children was reassessed after six and nine months. The prevalence of hypertension was 2.8% at the first screening but decreased to 1.3% and 1.1% by 6 and 9 months, respectively. This fall was statistically significant (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension between the two sexes. At the final screening, only children of 11 years or above were hypertensive. A statistically significant correlation with positive family history of hypertension was noted; 85.7% of hypertensive children had positive family history. The prevalence of hypertension was much higher in obese as compared to non-obese children (13.7% vs 0.4%). The correlation between obesity and hypertension was statistically significant (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Obesity and hypertension in children. 788 62

To establish the prevalence, with 95% confidence limits, of some of the indicators of coronary heart disease in the rural population of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala state, India, we did a field survey on a cluster sample with probability proportionate to size (PPS sample) of 500 households from five villages. Altogether the sample consisted of 1253 individuals who were more than 25 years of age, of which 1130 responded (90%). The survey instruments included the Malayalam translation of the Rose questionnaire, a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram with a battery operated portable electrocardiograph machine, blood pressure measurements using a mercury sphygmomanometer, and routine anthropometric measurements. The prevalence rates estimated were: (a) ECG changes suggestive of coronary heart disease, 36/1000 (95% C.L., 18, 55), (b) Rose questionnaire angina, 48/1000 (95% C.L. 35, 62), (c) definitive evidence of coronary heart disease, 14/1000 (95% C.L., 7, 21), (d) possible evidence of coronary heart disease, 74/1000 (95% C.L., 55, 93). Prevalence of major risk factors were, (a) hypertension by the WHO criteria, 179/1000 (95% C.L., 137, 221), (b) smoking, 219/1000 (95% C.L., 151, 287), (c) diabetes, 40/1000 (95% C.L., 17, 63), (d) obesity, 55/1000 (95% C.L., 6, 104). We have found that objective criteria indicate a lower prevalence of coronary heart disease in rural Thiruvananthapuram district when compared to studies from urban centres in India, but the prevalence of angina by Rose questionnaire is greater.
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PMID:Prevalence of coronary heart disease in the rural population of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India. 840 9

Central obesity is a strong predictor of higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease among Indian immigrants to Britain. To test this hypothesis in Indians, 1569 adults, between 25 and 64 years of age, from 750 randomly selected households (representative of 0.52 million population of Trivandrum city, Kerala) were selected for this study. The response rate was roughly 95% and the sample consisted of 1497 individuals (737 males and 760 females). The survey methods included dietary diaries for 7-day food intake record, blood pressure measurements using a mercury sphygmo-manometer and anthropometric measurements. The prevalence rates of hypertension between 25 and 64 years was 189/1000 (95% confidence limits 85-360) and between 45 and 64 years was 335/1000 (95% confidence limits 210-460) which is higher than in Western populations. The prevalence was higher in males than females in the younger age groups and comparable in both sexes in the upper age groups. The prevalence of central obesity was significantly higher among male (77.2 vs. 48.9%) and female (84.0 vs. 51.4%) hypertensives compared to non-hypertensive subjects; however, mean body weight, body mass index and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were lower among Indian men compared to a British comparison group. Thus, comparison of Indian men with Britons showed that obesity, salt and alcohol intake, sedentariness, smoking and dietary fat intake do not explain the cause of higher prevalence of hypertension among South Indian men from Kerala.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diet, central obesity and prevalence of hypertension in the urban population of south India. 852 15

The aim of this study was to determine the actual prevalence of diabetes mellitus and to investigate the contribution of various risk factors to the diabetes mellitus among the population in a methyl mercury polluted area. The study was a population based cross sectional mass screening survey. A case-control study was designed to estimate the role of various risk factors including methyl mercury exposure for diabetes mellitus. The study was confined to a small rural town 10 km north of Minamata City; 1,087 persons older than 40 years were examined. Measurement of glucose metabolism was made on the basis of urine and haematological examinations. Data on risk factors were collected by questionnaire, and by measurement of body height and weight (obesity). The prevalence rate of the diabetes mellitus was 8.4% in males and 5.3% in females. The odds ratio of family history was significantly higher, 4.63. The odds ratio of residential history in a methyl mercury high polluted area was 0.58. The prevalence of the diabetes mellitus in this methyl mercury polluted area was not increased, contrary to what was expected based on the pathological findings.
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PMID:An epidemiological study on diabetes mellitus in the population living in a methyl mercury polluted area. 900 87

This cross-sectional survey was conducted in two randomly selected villages in Moradabad in North India to demonstrate the association of magnesium status with hypertension in relation to socioeconomic status (SES) in a rural population. There were 1769 subjects (894 males, 875 females) between 25 and 64 years of age, randomly selected and divided into social classes 1-4 depending upon various sociological attributes. The survey methods were a validated questionnaire, blood pressure measurements by mercury manometer, and blood analysis for serum magnesium. Social class 1 and 2 were associated with a greater prevalence of hypertension. The overall prevalence of hypertension diagnosed by JNC-V criteria (> 140/90 mm Hg) was 17.7 per cent (n = 313) and the prevalence was comparable in both sexes and increased with age. Among social class 1 and 2 subjects, there was a higher prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle, a lower intake of dietary magnesium, and a lower serum magnesium compared to social class 3. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age showed that SES has a positive relation with hypertension (odds ratio 1.08 men, 1.07 women, P < 0.05), body mass index (odds ratio 1.14 men, 1.13 women, P < 0.01), and sedentary lifestyle (odds ratio 1.38 men, 1.32 women, P < 0.05) in both sexes, and with salt intake in women (odds ratio 1.28, P < 0.05). The odds ratio indicated that a higher intake of magnesium (odds ratio 1.14 men, 1.17 women, P < 0.05) and a higher serum magnesium (odds ratio 1.12 men, 1.15 women, P < 0.05) were associated with a lower risk of hypertension. The findings suggest that social class 1 and 2 subjects in some rural populations of India have a higher prevalence of hypertension and dietary intake of magnesium, and serum magnesium levels were inversely associated with the risk of hypertension.
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PMID:Epidemiological study of magnesium status and risk of hypertension in a rural population of north India. 914 Aug 62


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