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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an attempt to determine the principles of diet management in obese pregnant women, the association between maternal weight gain during pregnancy (Group I; weight reduction, Group II; +0-4 kg, Group III; +5-9 kg, Group IV; +10 kg-) and the incidence of the complications was investigated in 151 obese pregnant women. Studies on glucose tolerance and insulin binding to erythrocytes were also undertaken. 1) In Group I, the incidences of C/S, forceps delivery, prolonged labor and complication of PIH were lower than those of other groups. There were no heavy-for-dates and light-for-dates babies in Group I, differing from the other three groups. 2) Plasma levels of glucose and insulin were high in obese pregnant women on 75 g OGTT in the second trimester. The binding sites of insulin to erythrocytes were significantly decreased in obese pregnant women. In conclusion, the risks of pregnancy complicated by obesity were high. Insulin resistance was a characteristic of obese pregnant women. The results of this study suggested that the nutritional requirements for very obese pregnant women should be restricted to maintaining the same weight or losing weight during the course of pregnancy to minimize maternal and perinatal risks.
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PMID:[Studies of diet management and insulin resistance in obese pregnant women]. 154 76

Possibility of early diagnosis of pregnancy-induced hypertension via mean arterial pressure (MAP-2) and roll-overtest (ROT) was investigated in 80 normal, overweight or underweight primigravidae. The positive and negative predictability, the sensitivity, specificity and effectivity did not correspond to the efficiency of a good screening method. Obese primigravidae have more positive tests than normal. In the MAP-2 this was due to methodical errors, whereas in the ROT hydrostatic mechanisms interferet according to the overweight of the tested person. With these two screening tests, very early PIH diagnosis is generally not possible.
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PMID:[Significance of mean arterial blood pressure in the 2d trimester and the roll-over test for gestosis screening in normal, overweight and underweight primigravid patients]. 372 Nov 59

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (toxaemia) and obesity. We collected sociodemographic, anthropometric, medical and pregnancy outcome data from the hospital records of 248 Israeli women diagnosed with either pregnancy-induced or chronic hypertension, and compared these data to a control group of 236 women. Univariate analysis showed that while there exists a statistically significant positive association between obesity and hypertension (both pregnancy-induced and chronic) obesity presents no added risk to the development of toxaemia. Furthermore, we found a significant decrease in the rate of obesity among primigravid versus multigravid mothers with toxaemia superimposed on pregnancy-induced hypertension. On the other hand, primigravid mothers with PIH were at an increased risk of developing toxaemia as compared to multigravid women. These results suggest that obesity is not a significant factor in the development of toxaemia.
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PMID:Obesity and the risk of toxaemia of pregnancy. 888 43

PIH, the most common complication of pregnancy, remains a major source of maternal-child morbidity and mortality. Yet the etiology of this disorder is still little understood. There is now a growing body of evidence linking PIH and insulin resistance. Both proteinuric and non-proteinuric PIH predict future essential hypertension, and to a lesser extent, diabetes, disorders strongly related to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. PIH is associated with diabetes, occurring in up to 50% of diabetic pregnancies. PIH is characterized by the same features that define IRS, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, disruption of endothelial and platelet function and related disturbances of prostanoid synthesis, coagulation and fibrinolytic abnormalities, hyperuricemia, atherosclerotic changes, and obesity. During the last decade, controlled studies by at least 11 different research groups in nine countries have established significant positive associations between both proteinuric and nonproteinuric PIH and various measures of insulin resistance. In particular, prospective investigations by at least five groups of investigators have indicated that relative hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin insensitivity predict the subsequent development of PIH. These and other studies suggest that insulin resistance may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of PIH, and that some aspects of PIH may represent an early manifestation of IRS, precipitated by the profound metabolic and hemostatic challenges of gestation.
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PMID:Pregnancy-induced hypertension and insulin resistance: evidence for a connection. 1020 92

The aim of the work was to analyse the basic parameters of perinatal care of diabetic pregnant women, hospitalized in the Clinical Hospital in Bytom in years 1992-2001. The retrospective analysis of 405 diabetic pregnant patients who delivered their babies there was carried out. Diabetes types were following: GDM--44.9%, DM without vascular lesion--43%, DM with vascular lesion--12.1%. Mean age of pregnant women was 28.8 +/- 16 years. 42% patients were primipara, 58% patients were secundipara and multipara. The most often complications during pregnancy were following: threatening premature labour (36.5%), PIH (11.7%), urinary tract infection (9.65%) obesity (8.27%). Mean time of pregnancy was 38 +/- 2 Hbd. Prematurity was 25.9%. 199 patients had caesarean section (49.1%). 24 unsuccessful cases included fetal congenital defects, abortions, missed labour, perinatal fetal death. The authors suggest that such complications in diabetic pregnant patients can be prevented by early diabetes detection, intensive biophysical and biochemical control over fetus, achievement of normoglycaemic condition and a proper choice of delivery time. During last 10 years in our clinical hospital there was observed a decrease in infantile and perinatal mortality, better condition of infants and decrease in number of complications.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the health care of diabetic pregnant women and their newborns in 1992-2001 in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department in Bytom]. 1500 17

Complications of pregnancy associated with maternal PCOS include increased prevalence of early pregnancy loss (EPL), gestational diabetes (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (PET/PIH), and the birth of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) babies. Increased risk of EPL has been attributed to obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, elevated luteinizing hormone concentrations, and endometrial dysfunction. Avoiding obesity before pregnancy and treatment with metformin are therapeutic options, also for the increased prevalence of GDM. Administration of metformin throughout pregnancy is a contentious issue. Screening pregnant women with PCOS for GDM and PET/PIH-especially if they are obese-is recommended, although data for a firm association between PCOS and PET/PIH is weak. Impaired insulin-mediated growth and fetal programming are possible explanations for a higher prevalence of SGA infants in mothers with PCOS. Only prospective studies employing a large cohort of women with well-defined PCOS compared with a control group matched for BMI and parity can solve the remaining questions.
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PMID:Pregnancy complications in PCOS. 1677 58