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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic administration of scopolamine methyl nitrate, at doses much greater than required to block vagally mediated insulin secretion, reduced static phase VMH obesity by only 31%. At least 59% of the obesity persisted even when the initially effective dose (0.15 mg/Kg, 4 times/day) was increased eight-fold. The larger dose also did not prevent VMH hyperphagia and weight gain when scopolamine treatment was begun before the lesion. By ten days after the lesion, reduced gastrointestinal motility apparently prevented further weight gain. These results suggest that much of the obesity caused by VMH lesions is independent of vagally mediated insulin secretion or other excess vagal efferent activity. The doses used in this experiment were large in order to provide strong evidence for this conclusion.
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PMID:VMH obesity reduced but not reversed by scopolamine methyl nitrate. 52 52

Hyperglycemic obese and hyperinsulinemic mice of DBM strain develop a diabetic syndrome which can be compared to human maturity onset diabetes. In this study 6 to 49 weeks old female mice were used. Hyperglycemia and concomitant obesity were observed at 9 weeks. Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was maximum at 15--20 weeks, then decreased progressively with broad individual variations. Metformin, administered at 200 mg/kg per os, ineffective dosage in normal mice, showed a strong hypoglycemic effect in younger mice (11--18 weeks) with a plasma IRI decrease and no blood lactate and liver glycogen alteration. Plasma metformin concentration curve showed an exponential elimination fitted to a one compartment model with a plasma half-life of 2.7 hours. Metformin-induced hypoglycemia was lower in older mice (23--29 weeks) and corroborated their lower initial plasma IRI. All these results are in accordance with those reported in man and show that DBM mice provide a suitable model for a better understanding of antidiabetic drugs effects.
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PMID:DBM mice as a pharmacological model of maturity onset diabetes. Studies with metformin. 52 68

One hundred four children, six to fourteen years of age, with primary exogenous obesity were randomly distributed in order to be subjected to two different diets, ketogenic (low carbohydrate) and hypocaloric, for eight weeks. Body weight, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, a glucose tolerance test, blood glucose and plasma insulin determination were performed before and after both diets. The results revealed significant differences in body weight and triglyceride concentrations with the two diets although they were more remarkable with the ketogenic diet. There were significant differences in the fasting insulin levels, insulinogenic index, and insulin concentration after a glucose tolerance test in the patients subjected to a ketogenic diet.
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PMID:A comparative study of two diets in the treatment of primary exogenous obesity in children. 53 31

1. Newborn rats were reared in litters of either four or sixteen individuals. The animals from the small litters gained body weight more rapidly than those from large litters during the first 29 days of postnatal life studied. 2. The relative weights of the perigenital, perirenal, subcutaneous and intramuscular white-adipose-tissue sites in the animals from small litters indicated their relative obesity compared with controls. 3. The adipose depots from animals reared in small litters had a greater proportion of lipid present, by weight, and had a greater number of larger fat-cells present in them compared with the depots of animals reared in large litters. 4. Compared with both normal-sized litter controls and animals reared in sixteens, during the period of study the animals from small litters were hypertriacylglycerolaemic but normocholesterolaemic. 5. During suckling the blood glucose concentrations of animals reared in fours were increased, as were the concentrations of circulating immunoreactive insulin. 6. During the 29 days of life studied, in general, the lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose depots from animals reared in fours was greater than for animals in large litters when expressed as mumol of nonesterified fatty acid released from the substrate/h per g fresh weight of tissue, per depot, or per million fat-cells, but were similar per cm(2) of fat-cell surface area. 7. The previously noted [Cryer & Jones (1978) Biochem. J.172, 319-325] pattern of mid-suckling elevation, late-suckling decline and post-weaning increase in the lipoprotein lipase activity of the four white-adipose depots studied was not obliterated by the nutritional manipulations employed. 8. The relation of the enzyme-activity changes and their hormonal stimuli to triacylglycerol accumulation in fat-cells of animals from large and small litters is discussed in relation to the possible significance they may have to our understanding of neonatally induced obesity.
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PMID:The early development of white adipose tissue. Effects of litter size on the lipoprotein lipase activity of four adipose-tissue depots, serum immunoreactive insulin and tissue cellularity during the first four weeks of life in the rat. 57 19

We studied secretion of growth hormone (GH), insulin, and prolactin in eight women with anorexia nervosa and nine women with refractory obesity before and during treatment with bromocriptine, 10 mg/day. In the anorexic patients the raised plasma GH concentrations occurring during an oral glucose tolerance test fell significantly while on bromocriptine treatment, but there was no change in plasma insulin or blood glucose concentrations. In the obese patients, however, plasma GH concentrations remained low during the oral glucose tolerance test, and were not modified by bromocriptine. Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were also unchanged. Plasma GH and plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia were unaffected. Serum prolactin concentrations which were raised in five anorexic patients and marginally raised in two obese subjects, fell significantly in both groups during treatment. We observed no consistent weight changes in either groups.
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PMID:Growth hormone, insulin, and prolactin secretion in anorexia nervosa and obesity during bromocriptine treatment. 57 73

There were 46 women included in this experiment: 18 with simple obesity, 7 with maternal obesity, 8 with hypothalamic obesity and 13 of the control group (non-obese women). Changes of glycaemia and insulinaemia in blood serum during a test of oral glucose administration were ascertained. A plain handicap of glucose tolerance in simple obesity and maternal obesity groups was observed. In the case of the women with simple obesity an insulin increased secretion with one peak of the hormone release was found following the glucose administration. In the hypothalamic obesity group two peaks of insulin release were noted, and in the maternal obesity group a bigger maximal output of insulin was noted after the glucose administration together with two release peaks and a positive correlation between the total insulin area and anthropometric indices of excessive body weight.
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PMID:Blood sugar and immunoreactive insulin in women with hypothalamic, maternal and simple obesity. Part I. 59 Feb 5

Dynamic quality of HGH secretion in women with hypothalamic, maternal and simple obesity has been examined by means of the following tests: 1. glucose loading 2. hypoglycaemia following the insulin administration. Comparisons have been made with regard to normal, non-obese women. In all the obese women HGH mobilization was noted to be handicapped under the influence of the after-insulin hypoglycaemia. In some patients of all the obesity groups a paradoxical response of HGH secretion after the glucose administration was noted. In some cases of the hypothalamic and simple obesity groups there occurred a paradoxical response of HGH secretion relating to the insulin hypotlycaemia test. Differences discovered in the dynamics of HGH secretion with appropriateness to the etiopathogenetic forms of obesity are slight: their significance is rather quantitative than qualitative.
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PMID:Growth hormone secretion in women with hypothalamic, maternal and simple obesity. Part II. 59 Feb 6

The effect of intravenous injection of 0.1 I.U./kg insulin on blood glucose response and on lipolysis, induced by intravenous infusion of 0.2 microgram/kg - min norepinephrine, were studied in 12 normal subjects and 17 obese patients with normal 50 g oral glucose tolerance test and normal thyroid function. In the obese group the insulin-induced hypoglycemia during norepinephrine-infusion was significantly less than in normal subjects. Moreover, the inhibition of norepinephrine-stimulated FFA and glycerol-release by insulin was significantly less in obesity as compared with the non-obese group. It is concluded that in obesity the action of insulin is decreased both in carbohydrate metabolism and in lipolysis. These results provide arguments for the role of an impaired antilipolytic insulin effect in the pathogenesis of hyperinsulinism in obesity.
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PMID:[Effect of insulin on stimulated lipolysis in obesity with normal carbohydrate tolerance and unimpaired thyroid function]. 59 Feb 7

The effect of short-term treatment with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on the insulin secretion patterns during OGTT and on the daily insulin profile was studied in obese patients. DPH treatment for 3 days with a dose of 300 mg/die (100 mg, 3 times daily) significantly decreased the insulin release after glucose ingestion, but did not alter the basal insulin level. No effect on the fasting glucose concentration as well as on the glucose profiles during OGTT was observed after short-term DPH treatment. A smaller decrease of plasma free fatty acid concentration during OGTT performed after DPH administration confirmed the inhibitory effect of the drug on insulin release. Short-term DPH treatment was also shown to decrease markedly the postpradial insulin release in obese patients. No difference was noted between plasma 11-OHCS and serum HGH concentrations during OGTT before and after DPH treatment. The possible therapeutic role of DPH in obesity is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of diphenylhydantoin on patterns of insulin secretion in obese subjects. 59 1

The insulin response to oral glucose and to i.v tolbutamide was stuied in a group of hyperuricemic subjects and in a group of weight-matched controls. Glucose tolerance was impaired only in obese hyperuricemic subjects. Insulin response to oral glucose was enhanced in hyperuricemic subjects. Tolbutamide gave rise to a sharp increase in IRI levels already 2 min after the injection and this rise was significantly higher in hyperuricemic subjects than in controls. The same result was observed also after i.v. fructose. The interpretation of these data is not easy. Uric acid plasma level and obesity do not seem to be directly involved because an abnormal IRI response has been observed also after a rapid fall in uric acid plasma level after allopurinol treatment and is evident also in lean subjects. In our opinion the problem is more complex and must be considered from the point of view of a change involving carbohydrate as well as purine metabolism.
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PMID:Insulin release in hyperuricemic patients. 59 3


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