Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect on food intake of adrenergic agonists administered into the third cerebral ventricle was studied in Zucker fatty and lean rats. The alpha 2 agonist, clonidine, produced a larger dose-related increase in food intake in lean rats than in the fatty rats. Dose-response curves show similar sensitivity, but decreased responsiveness in the lean animal. The beta 2 adrenergic agonist, salbutamol, produced similar food effect in obese and lean rats reducing food intake in the lean rats at the highest dose (300 nmol), and in the fatty rats at the two highest doses. The effects were small in both groups. The beta 3 agonist, BRL 37344, ([4-(2-((2-hydroxy-2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethyl)amino)-propyl)-phenoxy acetate]) produced a larger dose-related decrease in food intake in the fatty rat than in the lean rats. Dose-response curves showed that sensitivity of beta-receptors was similar, but the lean animals were less responsive. The beta-adrenergic blocking drug propranolol blocked the anorectic effect of BRL 37344 in the fatty rat. These studies suggest that in the fatty rat, the alpha 2 receptor system is tonically more active and the beta 3 receptor system tonically less active, a relationship that would explain the hyperphagia and development of obesity in these animals.
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PMID:Food intake of lean and obese Zucker rats following ventricular infusions of adrenergic agonists. 135 64

BRL 26830A is a thermogenic beta-adrenergic agonist drug which has an anti-obesity effect in animals and diet-restricted obese man. This study was undertaken in obese subjects who were not calorie restricted to assess the effect of three weeks drug administration on energy expenditure and glucose, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in the post-absorptive and fed states. Stable isotope tracers were employed to determine kinetic data both at baseline and during adrenaline infusion. There was no evidence of BRL 26830A causing a major shift in fuel metabolism or having an anabolic effect. Baseline plasma concentrations of glycerol (P less than 0.01) and palmitate (P less than 0.01) were reduced, glucose remained within the normal range, whereas insulin decreased after BRL 26830A. The hypoaminoacidaemic effect of adrenaline was attenuated by BRL 26830A (P less than 0.01 for branched-chain amino acids, P less than 0.05 for total amino acids). The results suggest that BRL 26830A improves insulin sensitivity and causes selective down-regulation of adrenergic receptors. The increased insulin sensitivity may be a useful therapeutic effect for this class of drug and suggests a possible role in the treatment of obese non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of three weeks administration of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 26830A. 135 39

A total of 134 urologic operations were studied prospectively for postoperative wound infection, the methodology involving direct intraoperative swab taking. Patients' variables were (mean +/- SD): age 32.4 +/- 20.7 years, Quetelet index 27.4 +/- 8, duration of operation 98 +/- 34 minutes, and male:female ratio 9.3:1. Of the 131 intraoperative swabs 28 (21%) were positive, 97% of the organisms being aerobic; 16% of the patients were nasal carriers of S. aureus. The overall wound infection rate was 9%, and it prolonged hospital stay by six days average. Significant risk factors (and their magnitude) were: age over 60 years (x 2.2), prolonged preoperative hospital stay (x 15), and wound contamination (x 4.3 and x 14.3 for classes 3 and 4 wounds respectively). Neither diabetes mellitus, obesity, nor surgeon's rank was contributory. We conclude that, although the 9% rate of postoperative wound infection was acceptable, appropriate prophylactic antibiotics may reduce it further, and, from our data, we would recommend an aminoglycoside (e.g. Amikacin) and Ampicillin combined.
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PMID:Risk factors in wound infection following urologic operations: a prospective study. 138 91

Adipsin gene expression is severely diminished in certain forms of genetic and acquired rodent obesity. Common to many of these models of obesity is decreased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. In addition, treatment of MSG obese mice with the sympathomimetic drug mixture ephedrine and caffeine restores adipsin deficiency to normal, while reversing obesity. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that adipsin gene expression might be regulated through changes in SNS activity with deficient adipsin gene expression in obesity being the result of impaired SNS activity. In the present study we used three models to assess the role of the SNS in regulating adipsin gene expression. First we exposed mice to the cold (4 degrees C), a potent activator of SNS activity. Second, we chemically sympathectomized mice with 60H-dopamine. Third, we treated mice with BRL 26830A, an atypical beta adrenoreceptor agonist. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, these studies demonstrate that alterations of SNS activity do not affect adipsin gene expression in normal mice. Neither increased SNS activity secondary to cold exposure nor decreased SNS activity resulting from sympathectomy alter serum adipsin concentration or adipsin mRNA levels in white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Surprisingly, treatment of lean mice with BRL 26830A decreases both adipsin serum concentrations and adipsin mRNA levels, suggesting a potential role for atypical beta adrenoreceptors in pathways that suppress adipsin expression in vivo. The significance of this observation with respect to adipocyte physiology is unclear at present. Future studies will be aimed at defining the molecular mechanisms by which BRL 26830A suppresses adipsin gene expression and the physiological significance of this effect.
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PMID:Alterations in sympathetic nervous system activity do not regulate adipsin gene expression in mice. 164 81

The anti-obesity and anti-diabetic actions of BRL 26830A, beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist, (2 mg/kg administered intramuscularly daily for 2 weeks) were evaluated in obese diabetic Yellow KK mice and C57B1 control mice. The following parameters were compared in the treated vs. control animals: brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, resting metabolic rate (RMR), insulin receptors in adipocytes, and blood glucose and serum insulin levels during a glucose overloading test. BRL 26830A significantly increased BAT thermogenesis and RMR but it decreased the amount of white adipose tissue without affecting food intake. Those actions contributed to the mitigation of obesity in Yellow KK mice. BRL 26830A also increased the concentration of insulin receptors and decreased the levels of serum insulin and blood glucose during the glucose overloading test in Yellow KK mice. In the glucose overloading test performed one hour after BRL 26830A injection, insulin secretion was significantly increased and the blood glucose level was markedly decreased in both groups. These observations suggest that BRL 26830A possesses anti-obesity and anti-diabetic actions and consequently may be useful for treating obesity as well as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with obesity.
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PMID:Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic actions of a beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL 26830A, in yellow KK mice. 168 27

The beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL 26830A, which is not inhibited by either beta 1 or beta 2-selective antagonists, has been shown to possess anti-obesity and anti-diabetic actions. However, the effects of this agent on insulin and glucagon release have not yet been substantiated. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that BRL 26830A promotes insulin and glucagon secretion via beta 3 receptors on pancreatic islet B and A cells. In ICR mice fasted for 48 h, BRL 26830A significantly stimulated insulin secretion from 5 min after administration, markedly decreased blood glucose levels from 30 min after administration, and significantly increased glucagon secretion from 30 min after administration. The administration of a non-selective beta-receptor antagonist, at a dose of 50 mg/kg, 30 min prior to BRL 26830A injection completely abolished the effects induced by BRL 26830A. However, the administration of a beta 1-selective antagonist at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg did not produce any significant effects. On the action of BRL 26830A, whereas the administration of a beta 2-selective antagonist at 50 mg/kg, a near maximal effective dose, partially abolished the effects of BRL 26830A. BRL 26830A had no effect on insulin, glucagon, or glucose levels in streptozocin (STZ) diabetic mice fasted for 48 h. These results suggest that, in mice, BRL 26830A may promote insulin secretion mainly via beta 3 receptors and partially via beta 2 receptors on pancreatic-islet B cells, and that glucagon may be secreted as the result of hypoglycemia induced by this agent.
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PMID:Effects of a beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL 26830A, on insulin and glucagon release in mice. 168 48

Clones encoding an atypical beta-adrenergic receptor were isolated from a rat brown adipose tissue cDNA library. This receptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells displays a low affinity for beta-adrenergic antagonists and a high affinity for BRL 37344, an agonist that selectively stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue. The rank order of potency for agonist-mediated increases in intracellular cAMP in transfected cells correlates with that for agonist-mediated stimulation of lipolysis in brown adipocytes. Northern blot analysis demonstrates that this receptor subtype is expressed only in brown and white adipose tissue where it represents the predominant beta-receptor subtype. The amount of atypical beta-adrenergic receptor present in adipose tissue of obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats is reduced by up to 71% as compared with lean (Fa/Fa) control animals. These findings suggest that a change in the expression of this beta-adrenergic receptor subtype may play a role in obesity.
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PMID:An adipose tissue-specific beta-adrenergic receptor. Molecular cloning and down-regulation in obesity. 172 Oct 63

Half of the mice in both the monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity and saline control groups were given BRL 26830A via a gastric tube at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg for 2 weeks, and the other half given distilled water. BRL 26830A administration significantly increased guanosine-5'-diphosphate (GDP)-binding in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the resting metabolic rate (RMR), and significantly reduced retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (WAT) pads in both groups. It also markedly reduced body weight in MSG obese mice that had reduced BAT thermogenesis and decreased RMR. However, food intake was unchanged in both groups. Neither beta 1- nor beta 2-selective antagonists affected the increase of RMR induced by BRL 26830A, but a non-selective beta-antagonist completely inhibited its increase. These results suggest that BRL 26830A, which is a new beta-adrenoceptor agonist, stimulates BAT thermogenesis, increases RMR, and reduces WAT, thus contributing to the mitigation of obesity.
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PMID:Mitigation of obesity by BRL 26830A, a new beta-adrenoceptor agonist, in MSG obese mice. 197 62

The thermogenic beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 26830A has been shown to increase weight loss in dieting subjects but tremor was a frequent adverse effect. We have investigated the magnitude and nature of this tremor after a single oral dose in 18 subjects. Two complementary techniques were used to attach the recording apparatus to the subjects to give both isotonic and isometric measures of tremor. Increases of 84% and 40% respectively were found due to exaggeration of physiological tremor presumably mediated through concomitant beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulation. The use of beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist drugs in the treatment of obesity may increase but the development of an agent without tremor inducing properties would be an obvious advantage.
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PMID:Tremor and the anti-obesity drug BRL 26830A. 198 20

The effect of a new type of antidiabetic agent, BRL 26830A, has been tested in obese mice. Since this drug increases thermogenesis, insulin receptor binding and kinase activity were studied in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of mice made obese by gold thioglucose. At 1 mg.kg-1.day-1, a 3-wk treatment normalized the glycemia and increased the uncoupling protein content of brown adipose tissue. The insulin receptor number and its associated kinase activity increased only in brown adipose tissue. At 2 mg.kg-1.day-1, additional effects, i.e., a 20% reduction in body weight and a normalization of insulin receptor number both in brown adipose tissue and in skeletal muscle, were observed. All those results were obtained even though hyperinsulinemia was not corrected. At the higher drug dosage, insulin receptor kinase activity evolved in direct proportion to the receptor number in brown adipose tissue. By contrast, in skeletal muscle, the receptor kinase activity toward exogenous substrates increased more than the receptor number, suggesting that the alteration of insulin receptor kinase activity previously reported in skeletal muscle of obese mice was partly reversed by BRL 26830A. None of these parameters was modified by the drug in lean mice. These results show that, even without affecting obesity, BRL 26830A improves insulin resistance in obese mice, probably through its effect on insulin receptors. This action prevails in brown adipose tissue, supporting the idea that this tissue plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Thermogenic drugs could thus be powerful agents for the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetics.
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PMID:Effect of a thermogenic agent, BRL 26830A, on insulin receptors in obese mice. 284 63


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