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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obese and normal-weight subjects were run on a series of recognition-memory tasks with low and high meaningful CVC trigrams. Subjects received feedback or no feedback regarding the appropriateness of their answers during testing for recognition memory. A signal-detection analysis was used to examine a relatively pure index of memory (d') as compared to response-bias factors [Ln (beta)]. No significant main effect on memory of obese and control subjects was noted although a significant interaction indicated that obese subjects' memory increases over trials in a differential fashion from normal-weight individuals with poorer performance among the obese after 3 trials. Feedback facilitated memory for both groups. Analysis of response criteria [Ln (beta)] showed no significant difference between groups. Highly meaningful trigrams had a significantly lower response criterion than low meaningful trigrams and there was a significant interaction of meaningfulness by trials. An interaction of feedback by meaningfulness was also present. Advantages of using a signal-detection analysis in memory studies comparing obese and normal weight subjects are discussed. Ramifications of the present data for the internality/externality hypothesis of obesity are also discussed.
Percept Mot Skills 1986 Aug
PMID:Signal-detection analysis of recognition memory of obese subjects. 374 35

40 obese and 40 normal weight individuals were given a series of reaction time (RT) tasks in the presence or absence of a distracting 75-dB static noise under varying levels of task complexity. Both RT and movement time (MT) from a "home" button to a response button were recorded. There were no significant differences in RT between obese and normal subjects although a significant interaction between task complexity and subjects' weight showed that obese subjects had a faster mean RT on the 1-light task but slower RTs on the choice-discrimination tasks with 2, 4, or 8 lights. Obese subjects had a significantly faster mean MT at all levels of task complexity. The distracting stimulus had no differential effect on over-all RTs although an interaction of distraction X task complexity was obtained. The distractor significantly decreased MT for all subjects with no differential for the groups. The results are not in accordance with previous RT studies which supported the internality/externality hypothesis about obesity but rather support the view that obese subjects approach the experimental task with a differential level of motivation or response set.
Percept Mot Skills 1985 Dec
PMID:Effects of distraction and task complexity on reaction time in obese persons. 408 77

55 students with visible orthopedic disabilities (6 to 51 yr.) and 45 nonhandicapped students (10 to 35 yr.) ranked 6 drawings as liked best in about the same order, wheelchair-bound or nonhandicapped as first and facially disfigured and obesity low.
Percept Mot Skills 1983 Dec
PMID:Liking preferences toward handicapped persons. 622 10

Apparent similarities between S. Schachter's stimulus binding construct and H. A. Witkin's construct of psychological differentiation, specifically field dependence, have been noted in the literature. The present study examined field dependence on the rod-and-frame test among 20 obese and 42 average-weight subjects. Obese subjects were more field-dependent than were average-weight subjects. Women were slightly more field-dependent than were men. The author concluded that obese persons are more field-dependent and speculated that the constructs may be describing similar phenomena.
Percept Mot Skills 1984 Oct
PMID:Obesity as a variable affecting performance on the rod and frame test. 651 95

9 obese and 9 normal subjects performed a psychophysical task in which food- or non-food-related stimuli were briefly flashed tachistoscopically at a speed and intensity near the visual threshold. A signal was presented on one-half the trials and noise only on the other one-half of the trials. Using signal detection theory methodology, separate measures of sensory sensitivity (d') and response bias (beta) were calculated. No differences were noted between obese and normal subjects on measures of sensory sensitivity but significant differences on response bias. Obese subjects had consistently lower response criteria than normal ones. Analysis for subjects categorized by whether they were restrained or unrestrained eaters gave findings identical to those for obese and normal. The importance of using a methodology that separates sensory and non-sensory factors in research on obesity is discussed.
Percept Mot Skills 1983 Aug
PMID:Sensory and non-sensory factors and the concept of externality in obese subjects. 662 65

40 subjects, 20 obese and 20 normal, were run on a weight-discrimination task requiring judgments dependent on proprioceptive feedback. A signal-detection analysis was used to separate sensory factors from non-sensory, response-bias factors in the analysis of the discriminations. Obese subjects were inferior to normals in ability to make sensory discriminations; the largest differences occurred between obese and normal males. Obese subjects also adopted a more strict criterion (beta); the largest differences again occurred for male subjects. Obese subjects showed more variability in their sensory judgments, although there was a significant difference on only one of the 5 discrimination tasks. Results are discussed in terms of the internal-external explanation of obesity.
Percept Mot Skills 1983 Dec
PMID:Sensitivity to proprioceptive feedback in obese subjects. 666 91

A pupillometric analysis was conducted on the effects of internal and external food-related cues on overweight and normalweight subjects. Specifically, half of the subjects in each of these groups were sated and the other half hungry when they viewed slides of main courses and snacks. Only normalweight hungry subjects responded with markedly increased pupillary dilation, indicating heightened affect/interest, but to pictures of main courses, not to snacks. The lack of marked dilations among overweight subjects, even the so-called hungry group, seems to support Schachter's 1971 theory of obesity over Nisbett's 1972 one.
Percept Mot Skills 1982 Aug
PMID:Pupillometric analysis of two theories of obesity. 713 26

Studies on obesity and overweight measure the actual caloric amount in the foods selected or consumed. However, the food choices of individuals partly depend, if weight is a concern, on their social perception of caloric values of various foods. The study concerned the accuracy of 53 males and 82 females of various weight categories in their perception of the caloric content of various types of food. The more females weigh the more calories they perceive in food while the more males weigh the less calories they perceive in food. Both males and females overestimate the caloric content of desserts, particularly in comparison to main dishes like meat and potatoes.
Percept Mot Skills 1982 Oct
PMID:Social perception of caloric value. 715 51

Ratings and proportions of two cookies eaten by obese and normal-weight individuals were affected by the requirement that subjects eat with their nonpreferred hands. Subjects were run in blocks either before or after dinner; it was only before dinner that strong preferences between the two cookies emerged. Normal weight subjects ate approximately equal proportions of the two cookies when using preferred hands but strongly favored the cashew cookie when using their nonpreferred hands. Obese subjects ate more of the cashew cookie when using the preferred hands but more of the oatmeal cookie when using nonpreferred hands. Also, subjects were given fictitious information about previous subjects' preferences between the cookies. Only the normal ones were affected by this information; the obese subjects ate more of the cashew cookie regardless of the "external" cue about other subjects' preferences.
Percept Mot Skills 1980 Dec
PMID:Obesity, compatibility, and a taste preference. 720 32

The purpose of this research, using correspondence analysis on responses to semantic differential scores, was both to examine self-perception in a clinical sample of 120 obese women and to compare this with their attitudes toward obese, thin, and normal persons. Analyses allow us to conclude that, if obese women, as reported previously, consider obesity as a largely negative condition, they have an ambivalent attitude towards themselves. Even though they share the negative connotations socially attributed to obesity, emotionally these obese women not only tend not to recognize their "abnormality" but strongly desire it.
Percept Mot Skills 1995 Jun
PMID:Self-others perception in a clinical sample of obese women. 747 89


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