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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From the records of an automated multi-phasic health testing centre, daily drinkers in four alcohol consumption groups were each separately matched for sex, age and obesity to a single non-drinker control. All subjects satisfied strict eligibility criteria selected to exclude the effects of other factors known to influence blood pressure or renal function or both. The 5500 pairs of subjects were compared for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum creatinine. After allowing for smoking, drinkers had significantly elevated blood pressure compared with their controls, and the elevation was greater the heavier the alcohol intake, except for the heaviest drinking females. This result was more pronounced in males than females, and for systolic than diastolic blood pressure. By contrast, smoking cigarettes was shown to be associated with lower blood pressure, independent of sex and drinking history. Smoking was also associated with a decreased serum creatinine concentration as was drinking three or more drinks per day. However, drinkers of two or fewer drinks daily had higher serum creatinine concentrations than their non-drinker controls.
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PMID:Relation of alcohol and cigarette consumption to blood pressure and serum creatinine levels. 674 51

Creatinine-adjusted levels of estrone, estradiol, and estriol were determined in luteal phase urine specimens of 200 premenopausal women from rural areas of Greece. The relation of each estrogen to height, weight, obesity index, and serum cholesterol was studied by multiple regression, controlling for age, age at menarche, and ovulation status (ovulation, anovulation, undetermined). No consistent relation between any of the somatometric variables and any of the urine estrogens emerged from the statistical analysis, but among older women (30-40 years old) both estrone and estradiol were positively associated with serum cholesterol (p less than 0.05). The data provide no support for the hypothesis that the relationship between body weight and breast cancer risk is mediated through an influence of body weight on estrogen levels--at least in premenopausal women. On the other hand the data on serum cholesterol levels are consonant with the idea that qualitative aspects of nutrition may affect breast cancer risk among older (e.g., postmenopausal) women.
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PMID:Obesity, serum cholesterol, and estrogens in premenopausal women. 684 49

Balance studies and oxalate loading tests were carried out in order to define the pathogenesis of hyperoxaluria in 8 patients with jejunoileal bypass surgery for severe obesity; two healthy volunteers were also studied. In the bypass patients, urinary oxalate was markedly elevated (118 +/- 43 mg/day, mean +/- SD) when they were on a high oxalate diet (252 mg/day). Hyperabsorption of dietary oxalate was confirmed by the markedly increased urinary recovery of [14C]oxalate given in a test meal. In addition, the oxalate radioactivity was excreted in urine far more slowly than in healthy volunteers, suggesting that the colon was a major site of oxalate absorption. Elevated urinary oxalate excretion persisted, averaging 38 +/- 12 mg/day, despite ingestion of a very low oxalate diet (approximately 6 mg/day), suggesting that the diet contained "oxalogenic" substances other than preformed dietary oxalate which also contributed to dietary oxalate in these patients. Urinary oxalate decreased in 7 of 8 patients, however, when protein-rich foods were removed from the diet, suggesting that at least one dietary factor was digestive products of protein or creatinine. These results confirm the current view that in patients with hyperoxaluria secondary to jejunoileal bypass, the majority of urinary oxalate derives from dietary oxalate that is absorbed from the colon. Tissue or bacterial production of oxalate or an oxalate precursor from dietary constituents associated with protein, however, also appears to contribute to urinary oxalate. The results provide an explanation for the reported difficulty of eliminating secondary hyperoxaluria by restriction of dietary oxalate alone.
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PMID:Complex pathogenesis of hyperoxaluria after jejunoileal bypass surgery. Oxalogenic substances in diet contribute to urinary oxalate. 684 9

Absolute cortisol production was estimated from the urinary excretion of tetrahydro metabolites of cortisol in 74 healthy women varying in weight from 12% below to 218% above desirable weight, and in 37 healthy men varying in weight from 3% below to 139% above desirable weight, and was measured by isotope dilution (after 14C tracers) in 26 of the women and 23 of the men. The relationship of both parameters to urinary creatinine excretion (as a measure of lean body mass) and to percent deviation from desirable weight (relative weight) was determined. Both absolute cortisol production and urinary creatinine excretion showed a significant positive linear correlation with relative weight in the men and women, but cortisol production/g urinary creatinine excretion (by isotope dilution or by tetrahydro metabolite excretion) was weight-invariant in both sexes. The geometric mean of cortisol production/g creatinine was 12.9 mg/g in men and 14.5 mg/g in women; the difference was not statistically significant. The geometric mean of tetrahydro metabolite excretion/g creatinine was 3.7 mg/g in men and 3.8 mg/g in women; the difference was not statistically significant. The average ratio of cortisol production to tetrahydro metabolite excretion was 3.5 in men and 3.8 in women, values not significantly different from one another and closely confirming our previously reported value of 3.6, based on the conversion of cortisol tracers to radioactive urinary tetrahydro metabolites. It is concluded that there is no functionally significant elevation of cortisol production in obese men or women: the increase in absolute production is solely a consequence of greater lean body mass, and the production/U lean body mass is weight-invariant. It appears desirable to make any comparisons of one group of patients with another in terms of cortisol production/g urinary creatinine in order to eliminate body size and obesity as confounding factors, so that disease-related differences may emerge clearly.
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PMID:Cortisol production in obesity. 699 93

The association of serum uric acid (SUA) with hypertension, ischemic ECG change, diabetes mellitus, and drinking and smoking habits was studied by multivariate analysis among 1871 residents aged 40 and over in Hisayama, Japan. Blood pressure level and history of hypertension did not correlate with an increased level of SUA when other factors such as serum creatinine, obesity, beta-lipoprotein and leucineaminopeptidase were taken into account. Antihypertensive medication was a significant factor influencing SUA. The association of SUA with Minnesota code 4.1-3 (S-T depression) was insignificant in men and significant in women when other factors influencing SUA were taken into account. Glycosuria was negatively correlated with SUA, while alcohol ingestion has positive correlation. There was no correlation between the amount of tobacco smoked and the level of SUA.
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PMID:The relationship of serum uric acid to hypertension and ischemic heart disease in Hisayama population, Japan. 706 75

Six (5 f, 1 m) massively obese, otherwise healthy subjects, were submitted for 4 weeks to a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD): 80 kcal, 335 kJ = 2.6 g N/day (17 g protein, 0 CHO and fat). Daily urinary creatinine excretion (UCE) and weekly nitrogen loss (NL) were determined during the whole period of treatment. Both NL and UCE decreased from the second week of treatment indicating a progressive sparing effect on lean body mass (LBM). A positive correlation (r = 0.991, P less than 0.001) was observed between mean daily UCE and NL, indicating that NL during prolonged fasting in obesity is possibly influenced by the lean body mass of the individual.
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PMID:Nitrogen loss and urinary creatinine excretion during fasting in massive obesity. 706 19

The 24 hr mean plasma cortisol concentration was measured in 65 healthy women ranging from 21% below to 218% above desirable weight and in 47 healthy men ranging from 5% below to 330% above desirable weight. In the women, there was a clear-cut inverse linear correlation between the plasma cortisol concentration and the percent deviation from desirable weight (y = 7.5 -- 0.3 x; r = -0.49; p less than 0.001); the relation of free to total cortisol concentration was weight-invariant; the MCR of cortisol in the most obese women was much higher than that of nonobese women (340 +/- 76 versus 211 +/- 31 liters/gm urinary creatinine; p less than 0.01). In the men, the plasma cortisol level and MCR were weight-invariant. To account for the finding in women of a linear correlation of the decrement in plasma cortisol level with the percent deviation from desirable weight (which in turn is nearly perfectly correlated with the total body fat content), we postulate that a given weight of adipose tissue in women takes up a constant amount of cortisol; this in turn suggests that their adipose tissue contains a saturable binding system such as corticosteroid receptor. By the same logic, the weight-invariance of plasma cortisol and MCR in men suggests the absence of significant amounts of corticosteroid receptor in their adipose tissue. The finding that the increased cortisol MCR of obese women results in decreased plasma cortisol levels rather than an increase in cortisol production (the latter, corrected for muscle mass, is normal in obesity: Strain et al, Metabolism 29:980, 1980) suggests a defect in their cortisol ACTH feedback system. Such a defect, presumably hypothalamic, is not unexpected in the light of reports of defective hypothalamic control of prolactin and growth hormone secretion in obesity.
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PMID:Sex difference in the influence of obesity on the 24 hr mean plasma concentration of cortisol. 707 9

1. An unsupplemented 4200 kJ (1000 kcal) diet emphasizing large quantities of relatively unrefined complex carbohydrates was evaluated among sixty obese adults for its effectiveness and nutritional adequacy in a long-term weight-control programme. Patients were followed individually as outpatients by a physician and dietician-an average of thirteen visits over 26 weeks. Assessment of health indices included anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid levels and assays for seven vitamins, beta-carotene and iron. 2. Weight loss averaged 8.2 kg or 24% of excess weight during the 6 months of active treatment. Over an average of 17 months of post-treatment follow-up, 44% of patients continued to lose weight and 92% remained below pretreatment levels. 3. Average skinfold thickness fell 7 mm (P less than 0.001) whereas muscle mass was maintained (arm muscle circumference + 10 mm, not significant; creatinine-height index + 3% of standard (Bistrian et al. 1975; not significant). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell 7 and 5 mmHg respectively (P less than 0.01). Total serum cholesterol and triglycerides fell 200 and 660 mg/1 respectively (P less than 0.01), while high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol remained statistically unchanged. Mean serum levels of retinol, beta-carotene, folate, vitamin B12, ascorbic acid, Fe and transferrin saturation, and activity coefficients for thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine were within normal limits after periods of treatment ranging from 5 to 84 weeks. 4. An earlier age of onset of obesity tended to be associated with greater weight loss during treatment and lesser weight rebound during follow-up. 5. The results indicate that the experimental diet, without supplementation, was nutritionally adequate as well as effective for long-term weight control.
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PMID:Dietary management of obesity: evaluation of the time-energy displacement diet in terms of its efficacy and nutritional adequacy for long-term weight control. 708 11

By means of immunonephelometry, determinations of a number of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) proteins in urine and serum were undertaken in 42 consecutive patients, who had been subjected to jejuno-ileal bypass surgery for treatment of massive obesity two to six years before the study. Five patients demonstrated a distinct LWM proteinuira, ie excessive excretion of free-light lamdba and kappa chains of immunoglobulin and beta-2-microglobulin. The creatinine clearance was normal in four of these five patients. This LMW-proteinuria group differed from the remaining 37 patients in several respects. First, they had lost weight more effectively (P less than 0.01); secondly, they exhibited secondary hyperparathyroidism (P less than 0.05), increased levels of alkaline phosphatase and low serum concentrations of bicarbonate (P less than 0.001). It is suggested that LMW proteinuria may be a manifestation of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Tubular proteinuria following jejuno-ileal bypass surgery. 722 72

A total of 2,923 elderly subjects were studied to determine the relationship between obesity, hypertension, thyroid disease, renal function, alcohol consumption, selected drugs, and the serum uric acid level. Comparison of the serum uric acid levels with indices of obesity demonstrated a strong correlation in normotensive (p less than .0001) and hypertensive (p less than .001) subjects. The serum creatinine level, when used alone, was not a reliable indicator of renal function. Of the drugs evaluated, diuretics had the most pronounced effect upon the serum uric acid level.
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PMID:Selected physiologic and drug effects on serum uric acid levels in an elderly population. 724 Jun 15


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