Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism is common in hypertensive subjects. In the present study the relationships between indices of lipid and glucose metabolism and the renin-aldosterone system were studied in 37 untreated hypertensive subjects (DBP greater than 95 mmHg). Fasting insulin and the early insulin response at an intravenous glucose tolerance test were both correlated to plasma renin activity (r = 0.48, P less than 0.003 and r = 0.55, P less than 0.002, respectively) while HDL-cholesterol was found to be inversely related to the urinary excretion of aldosterone (r = 0.35, P less than 0.03). These relations were still significant when influences of age, sex, obesity (BMI) and serum creatinine were taken into account in the multiple regression analysis. In conclusion, hyperinsulinaemia and low levels of HDL-cholesterol were found in hypertensive subjects with a high activity of the renin-aldosterone system and might explain the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases found in this group.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic cardiovascular risk factors and the renin-aldosterone system in essential hypertension. 158 27

In metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity, renal abnormalities may also occur even when renal dysfunction is not be detected by conventional urinalysis. By use of immunological technique, an investigation was made on the subclinical abnormality in the excretion of urinary proteins in DM and obese (OB) subjects. Urinary excretion of the proteins (albumin, IgG, IgG4, beta 2-microglobulin) and fractional clearances (clearance ratios to creatinine clearance) at sitting position were respectively measured. Albumin excretion rate (AER) and fractional albumin clearance were higher in DM and OB than normal controls (NC). In non-diabetic subjects (OB+NC), body mass index (BMI) significantly positively correlated with AER and fractional albumin clearance. In DM, not only AER and fractional albumin clearance but also IgG4 excretion rate and fractional IgG4 clearance positively correlated with BMI. In DM with BMI less than 22 Kg/m2, HbA1C significantly correlated with AER, IgG4 excretion rate, and fractional albumin and IgG4 clearances. The data suggest that microproteinuria in DM and OB may be of glomerular origin. In DM, in the light of an increase in urinary excretion of negatively charged IgG4, it is also suggested that proteinuria is attributed to the alteration of charge barrier as well as to that of glomerular hemodynamics. Lastly but not least , obesity-related factor should also be taken into account in the development of microalbuminuria of the diabetic patient.
 ...
PMID:[A study on microproteinuria among diabetic and obese subjects without clinically overt proteinuria]. 158 64

The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulphate complex (5-HT), 35-140 nmol, on food intake in genetically obese (ob/ob) and lean mice were investigated. 5-HT (70-140 nmol) decreased feeding in a dose-related manner on 1 h and 2 h postinjection measures. Intake in lean mice was reduced by over 70% of the control condition. Obese mice, however, demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to the anorectic effect of 5-HT, and reduced 1 h intake by only 40% of saline control. Although these results are consisted with a role for serotonin in the control of food intake in mice, the altered sensitivity of the ob/ob to serotonergic stimulation may result, in part, from an impaired satiety control mechanism in this mutant.
 ...
PMID:Central injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine reduces food intake in obese and lean mice. 161 Oct 36

Data from 49 men and 48 women included in the Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison (CARDIAC) Study in Perth, Western Australia, were analyzed. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were positively correlated (p less than 0.01) with urine sodium, creatine, taurine, histidine, and 3-methyl histidine but not with calcium, magnesium, or potassium. SBP was related (p less than 0.01) with body mass index (BMI). Urine nitrogen, creatinine, and amino acids correlated (p less than 0.001) with each other and with urine sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Urine magnesium correlated (p less than 0.001) with urine calcium and potassium; urine calcium was not related significantly to urine sodium or potassium. In backwards multiple regression with data from urine collections, SBP was significantly related only to urine sodium (11.9% of variance explained). If alcohol was included as an independent variable, reducing the number of valid cases because of missing values, both alcohol and urine sodium were significant in regression (19.9% of variance explained). In men, DBP was significantly related to BMI and the ratio of 3-methylhistidine to creatine (23.7% of variance explained). For DBP in women, urine sodium was the only variable needed in regression (58.4% of variance explained). Interpretation must be cautious, because these analyses are based on relatively few cases and on single 24-h urine samples. The data are in keeping with suggestions that obesity, alcohol consumption, a meat diet, and sodium intake are important factors predisposing to elevation of blood pressure.
 ...
PMID:Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison Study: preliminary analysis of data from Western Australia. 170 20

To document the caloric intake of very obese persons and investigate the food choices and dietary composition that maintain severe obesity, we studied the self-selected food intake required to maintain stable weight in two groups of very obese subjects: 11 inpatients with a mean weight 181% above desirable body weight and 35 outpatients with a mean weight 125% above desirable body weight. Qualitative and quantitative food intake were evaluated using records obtained on the hospital metabolic ward for the inpatients and using self-recorded food records for the outpatients. Absolute caloric intake in both groups was greater in proportion to the degree of obesity (deviation from desirable body weight); caloric intake per unit of lean body mass (kilocalories per gram urinary creatinine) was constant regardless of the degree of obesity and was essentially the same as that of normal nonobese persons. Food records indicated that the obese subjects maintained their high caloric intake by consuming mostly foods of high caloric density, with occasional binge eating. They largely avoided foods of low intrinsic energy density and modified-calorie foods, ie, foods with decreased fat, nonnutritive sweeteners, or fillers. By substituting foods of lower caloric density for usual food choices from the same food group, obese persons could decrease caloric intake by 20% and increase potential for notable weight loss.
 ...
PMID:Food intake of very obese persons: quantitative and qualitative aspects. 173 1

Creatinine-adjusted levels of estrone, estradiol and estriol were determined in overnight urine specimens from 88 postmenopausal women from Athens, Greece, and were correlated with daily nutrient intakes estimated through a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Although obesity was positively and significantly related to all three urinary estrogens and their total, none of the investigated macro- or micronutrients was significantly or suggestively associated to any of these urinary estrogens, after controlling for energy intake, reproductive and biosocial variables. These results suggest that quantitative rather than qualitative aspects of nutrition affect the levels of postmenopausal estrogens, although endogenous factors could also be responsible for the association of these estrogens with obesity. Alcohol intake was also positively associated with urinary estrogens (mainly estrone and estradiol), after controlling for energy intake, obesity and the other indicated variables.
 ...
PMID:Diet and urine estrogens among postmenopausal women. 174 88

Gastric exclusion has been introduced as a surgical treatment for morbid obesity. We describe two women who had undergone gastric bypass for obesity with metabolic bone disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism. In one patient transiliac bone biopsy after double tetracycline labelling demonstrated histologic evidence of hyperparathyroidism with osteitis fibrosa cystica. Six additional women who had undergone gastric exclusion were evaluated. Serum phosphorus, calcium, and creatinine were normal in all but one patient who had hypocalcemia. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was elevated in seven of eight patients and urinary calcium was less than or equal to 2 mmol/d (80 mg/24 h) in 6 patients. Lumbar spine bone mineral density was 86 +/- 7 (mean +/- SE) per cent of predicted and femoral neck bone mineral density was 89 +/- 6 per cent of predicted. Women who have had gastric exclusion for obesity may develop secondary hyperparathyroidism which could result in loss of bone mass.
 ...
PMID:Secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteopenia in women following gastric exclusion surgery for obesity. 179 Apr 6

The relationship between blood pressure and microalbuminuria, both associated with cardiovascular disease and death, is sparsely studied in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, and results may be interfered by the phenomenon of "white-coat-hypertension". We therefore investigated blood pressure by 24h ambulatory recordings (oscillometry) and examined whether blood pressure related to the level of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) by synchronous 24h collections. Seventeen diabetics (50-75 years of age) with microalbuminuria (15 less than UAER less than 200 micrograms/min) (DM), 15 with normal urinary albumin excretion (DN) and 10 healthy controls (C) participated. All groups were of comparable sex, age degree of obesity and had normal serum creatinine, and the groups of diabetics were of similar known duration, glycemic control and frequency of antihypertensive treatment. Blood pressures measured at the clinic were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than 24h recordings. An average systolic pressure of 142 +/- 11 mmHg in DN was increased (p less than 0.01) as compared to C: 130 +/- 10 mmHg, but no further increase was seen in DM: 146 +/- 19 mmHg. Diastolic pressures were not different among the groups (C: 77 +/- 8 mmHg, DN: 80 +/- 11 mmHg, DM: 79 +/- 9 mmHg). Average 24h systolic pressure correlated to the UAER r = 0.61, p = 0.009 in DM, whereas not in DN. By the present method we found isolated systolic hypertension in Type 2 diabetes which may express "vascular stiffness". There was, however, no further rise in blood pressure in patients with microalbuminuria, but in these patients albuminuria may be pressure dependent and/or expressive of vascular pathology.
 ...
PMID:Blood pressure by 24 h ambulatory recordings in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetics. Relationship to urinary albumin excretion. 186 38

Recently, we reported that the blunted natriuretic ability related to an attenuation of renal dopaminergic activity might play an important role in the hypertensive mechanisms of overweight patients with essential hypertension. On the other hand, the interrelationships between obesity, blood pressure and renal sodium handling in normotensives (NT) have not been clear. The purpose of the present study is to reveal the role of renal dopaminergic activity on renal sodium handling in overweight NT. The study consisted of 52 hospitalized NT receiving a regular diet containing 200mEq of sodium, 75mEq of potassium, 2400kcal/day, who were divided into two groups of 31 non-obese (NNT) and 21 obese (ONT) subjects. NNT was categorized as the body mass index (BMI) less than, and ONT as the BMI equal to or more than, 25kg/m2. In the early morning, after overnight fasting, all subjects remained in a supine state and were examined for renal clearance. During the clearance period, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr), urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV), fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) and of inorganic phosphorus (FEP) and urinary excretion of free dopamine (uDA) were determined. There were no significant differences in age, HR, Ccr or UNaV between the two groups. Higher MAP and lower FENa) were observed in ONT than in NNT, but the differences in these parameters were not statistically significant. However, FENa in ONT was significantly lower than in MAP-and Ccr-matched NNT. In addition, FENa correlated negatively with BMI in ONT, unlike in NNT. MAP was correlated positively with FENa, and a similar tendency was found between MAP and FEP in NNT, but not in ONT. On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between BMI and uDA in either NNT or ONT. This result was different from our previous data in patients with essential hypertension (EHT) in which BMI correlated with uDA positively in non-obese EHT and negatively in obese EHT. These findings suggest that blunted natriuretic ability may exist in ONT, and the role of renal dopaminergic activity related to the attenuated natriuretic ability in ONT may be less important than in obese EHT.
 ...
PMID:[Renal sodium handling and renal dopaminergic activity in overweight normotensive subjects]. 188 10

We report a case of Klinefelter's syndrome who developed a decrease of serum gonadotropin levels, particularly LH, after CyA treatment for complicated focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS). A 38-year-old man suffering from general malaise and pretibial edema was diagnosed FGS by renal biopsy in October 1988, and was referred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment for FGS in December 1988. He was not married, and closer anamnesis revealed that he had had impaired seminal ejaculation from the age of 30. The physical examination showed 37% obesity, scanty body hair, pretibial edema and small bilateral testes (3.0 x 1.5cm). Laboratory findings included marked proteinuria (5.3g/day) and mild renal dysfunction (serum creatinine 1.3mg/dl, glomerular filtration rate 57.2ml/min). Endocrinologically, high basal levels of LH and FSH (133.6mIU/ml and 93.7mIU/ml, respectively) and the hyperresponses of LH and FSH to LH-RH stimulation were found, but the other pituitary hormone levels, thyroid and adrenal status, were in the normal range. In testicular biopsy, nodularly proliferated Leydig cells and no seminal tubules could be seen. The chromosome analysis showed 47,XXY karyotype, which confirmed the diagnosis of Klinefelter's syndrome in this patient. From 9 January 1989, CyA (6mg/Kg.day) was orally administered for 4 weeks in order to treat for FGS. After CyA administration, basal levels of LH and FSH remarkably decreased, particularly LH, and their decrease lasted for at least 6 weeks after cessation of CyA (final levels; LH 28.2mIU/ml, FSH 69.8mIU/ml). On the other hand, serum testosterone level was low normal or slightly under normal, and no apparent changes could be seen during CyA treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Cyclosporine A (CyA)-induced decrease of serum gonadotropin levels in a case of Klinefelter's syndrome. 190 51


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>