Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The levels of lipoprotein A-I (LP A-I) containing apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and devoid of apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II) have been determined in a group of 86 children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes of age between 1.3 and 22 years. The duration of diabetes in the studied group ranged between 0.25 and 15 years. The patients studied were further divided into subgroups taking into account the duration of diabetes as well as the occurrence of complications of diabetes, obesity and predisposition to early development of atherosclerosis in family history. The analysis of the results took into account the relations between the levels of LP A-I and other parameters of lipid metabolism like cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, apo A-I and apo A-II concentrations as well as the effectiveness of metabolic control of diabetes. LP A-I concentration was the lowest in group of children with diabetes lasting up to one year. This parameter was correlated positively with the levels of HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I, and negatively with HbA1c. It was not related to the coexisting complications, obesity or predisposition to atherosclerosis in family history. The above results indicate that the state of metabolic control of diabetes significantly influences the level of LP A-I. Considering the importance of LP A-I in preventing atherosclerosis it should be stressed that a decrease in its level during the period of prolonged hypoglycemia constitutes still another risk factor for development of atherosclerosis in diabetic children and adolescents.
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PMID:[Lipid metabolism in children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes. II. Evaluation of changes in lipoprotein A-I in children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes]. 134 32

Mexican-Americans represent the single largest component of the US Hispanic population and have been shown to bear a disproportionate burden of chronic disease. A representative sample of 1,004 Mexican-Americans aged 15-74 years from Starr County, Tex., was recruited for this study. Each subject was provided a detailed physical evaluation that included measurement of fasting levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and its subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3) alpha- and beta-lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III, and E were determined for approximately 550 of these individuals. Age- and sex-specific mean levels and percentile cut points are presented. The distributions of lipoproteins are quite similar to those of the general population except for consistently higher triglycerides in males and females and lower HDL cholesterol levels in females. These findings are consistent with the high frequency of obesity. Comparative age- and sex-specific data for the apolipoproteins are not widely available. Where such data exist, apolipoprotein levels observed in the Mexican-American population tend to be similar to or lower than the comparative data.
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PMID:Lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels among Mexican-Americans in Starr County, Texas. 198 89

Hyperinsulinism may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. In this study we analyzed the interrelationships between plasma glucose, insulin, body weight and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in a group of obese women and faced the question of what is the effect of obesity on insulin, glucose and HDL relationships. HDL cholesterol was significantly lower, while HDL triglycerides resulted significantly higher in the obese women than in the controls. The two groups did not show any difference in the serum concentration of HDL apoprotein A-I and apoprotein A-II. There was an inverse correlation between fasting plasma glucose and summated means of glucose and insulin levels after an oral glucose tolerance test and HDL cholesterol in the two groups; on the contrary a positive relationship between the same parameters and HDL triglyceride occurred. HDL cholesterol was inversely related also to the weight index, while HDL triglyceride concentration was directly correlated with this parameter in the two groups. Partial correlation analysis demonstrates that, when exposed to similar plasma insulin and glucose levels, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were no longer correlated with the weight index, and therefore that the significant correlations between these variables are likely to be due to the significant correlations of each of them with plasma glucose and insulin levels. Further studies clarifying the role of glucose and insulin in determining HDL composition would appear important.
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PMID:High-density lipoprotein composition in obesity: interrelationships with plasma insulin levels and body weight. 305 17

Serum and lipoprotein lipids were examined in 133 newly diagnosed (type II) diabetic patients (70 men, 63 women), aged 45-64 yr, and in 144 randomly selected nondiabetic control subjects of similar age (62 men, 82 women). The serum total cholesterol levels in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects were similar, but the HDL-cholesterol levels were lower and the serum total triglyceride levels higher in the diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects. No significant differences were found in apoprotein A-I and A-II levels between the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. After adjustment for age, alcohol intake, obesity, 2-h postglucose serum insulin, and serum triglycerides, male diabetic subjects still had lower HDL-cholesterol levels than corresponding nondiabetic subjects. On the other hand, female diabetic subjects had higher serum triglycerides than their nondiabetic counterparts, even after adjustment for age, alcohol intake, 2-h postglucose serum insulin, and obesity.
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PMID:Serum lipids and lipoproteins in newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetic patients, with special reference to factors influencing HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels. 308 7

Recent evidence indicates that measurement of apoproteins may enhance evaluation of coronary heart disease risk. The purpose of the present study was to identify factors associated with interindividual variation in apoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, and B and lipoprotein lipid levels in 541 healthy premenopausal women, a random sample ages 42 to 50 taken from driver's license lists. The results of multivariate analyses that included alcohol intake, obesity, smoking, exercise, and age as predictor variables showed alcohol consumption to be strongly, positively related to apo A-I and A-II and smoking and obesity to have modest lowering effects on apo A-I. Concentration of the high density lipoprotein subfraction, HDL2c, however, was highly negatively related to body mass index, with alcohol intake and smoking each contributing about 5% to the variation. HDL3c had a similar relationship to obesity, alcohol, and smoking, but the magnitude of effect was much smaller than that for HDL2c. Thus, the concentration of cholesterol relative to protein found in HDL, particularly HDL2, was lower in overweight women and higher in women who reported alcohol intake. About 10% of variation in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) was explained jointly by smoking, obesity, and alcohol intake compared with 15% of variation in apo B associated primarily with obesity (8%) and, to a lesser extent, with age and smoking. Physical activity was not independently associated with any of the lipoprotein lipid or apoprotein measures. In sum, results show that obese women exhibited reduced HDLc per mole of protein and that alcohol intake was linked to increased HDL particle number.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Characteristics associated with apoprotein and lipoprotein lipid levels in middle-aged women. 314 51

The lipid transport system of 3-month-old male C57BL/6J obese (ob/ob) mice was investigated. Serum lipoproteins were separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and characterized by their chemical and electrophoretic properties as well as their relative apolipoprotein contents, defined according to molecular weight and charge. Obese, ob/ob mice exhibited a marked hyperlipoproteinemia resulting from large increases in low-density lipoproteins (LDL, d 1.021-1.058 g/ml) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL, d 1.058-1.137 g/ml), particularly, the HDL2 subclass (d 1.058-1.109 g/ml). This increase in lipoproteins was entirely responsible for their hypercholesterolemia and hyperphospholipidemia. By contrast, these obese mice had a net decrease in very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL, d less than 1.016 g/ml) and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL, d 1.016-1.021 g/ml), which accounted for their moderate hypotriglyceridemia. The chemical composition of heterogeneous light LDL (d 1.021-1.040 g/ml and dense LDL (d 1.040-1.058 g/ml) overlapped by HDL-like particles was highly modified. These modifications consisted of increases in the percentages of cholesteryl ester and phospholipid and decreases in that of triacylglycerol. There were also marked changes in the relative values of the apolipoproteins of VLDL, but principally, IDL and LDL. IDL and light LDL were poorer in apolipoproteins BH (Mr 340,000-320,000) and eventually in apolipoprotein BL (Mr 220,000-200,000) and enriched in apolipoproteins E (Mr 37,000-35,000) and C-A-II (Mr approximately equal to 12,000). A similar and very significant change occurred in VLDL for both the apolipoproteins BL and C-A-II. Dense LDL, mainly poorer in apolipoprotein BH and enriched in apolipoprotein A-I (Mr 28,000-27,000), closely resembled HDL2 in all the groups, and were enriched in apolipoproteins C-A-II in only the obese mice. We suggest that ob/ob mice are probably protected against atheromata because of the low VLDL and IDL levels, and the increase in HDL2.
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PMID:Serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles of the genetically obese ob/ob mouse. 338 93

During the period January 1979-March 1983, we have conducted in Jerusalem a case control study of all patients under the age of 65 surviving their first diagnosed myocardial infarction, in order to evaluate the importance of the conventional risk factors and to detect additional factors through quantifying plasma apolipoprotein concentrations. As a control group, we have chosen a sample from a previously studied Jewish population (LRC study), representative of the adult Jerusalemite population, parents of children born during 1958-1961. To complete the younger age group missing in the LRC population, we added a population studied in the Kiryat Yovel district of Jerusalem. We report here the results obtained from interviews and analysis of 532 cases (448 males and 84 females), and 869 controls (457 males and 412 females). In order to overcome the effects of age and ethnic origin on the risk factors, we have divided our populations according to age and country of origin of their fathers. Age, sex, smoking, history of high blood pressure, diabetes, elevated plasma triglycerides and/or cholesterol, and decrease in plasma HDL cholesterol, emerged as the most powerful and significant risk factors in this study. Other putative risk factors such as socioeconomic status, dietary habits, physical activity and obesity index were not found to be significantly different between cases and controls. It is noteworthy that smoking was more important as a risk factor in the younger age groups, whereas hypertension and diabetes were more important in the older age groups, particularly in females. The differences in lipid levels were considerably more prominent in the young age groups in both sexes. Myocardial infarction was observed more frequently in patients of European or American extractions. Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, E and B determined in this study were shown to be affected partly by age and country of origin. Apo E and apo B levels were significantly higher and Apo A-I significantly lower in patients with myocardial infarction when compared to controls.
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PMID:Analysis of risk factors in 532 survivors of first myocardial infarction hospitalized in Jerusalem. 345 28

83 pairs of twins, aged 50-74 years, were studied with respect to their serum apoproteins (A-I, A-II, B, C-II, C-III and E) and cholesterol concentrations. Each of the variables showed a higher intraclass correlation in the MZ twins than in the DZ twins. HDL cholesterol showed the highest intraclass correlation among the variables and indicated strong heritability. In the MZ pairs discordant for alcohol consumption, the higher consumers within the pair showed a significantly higher level of apo A-I and HDL cholesterol, and a lower level of apo B concentration. In the MZ pairs discordant for cigarette smoking, the higher consumers within the pair showed a significantly lower level of apo C-III. In the MZ pairs discordant for obesity, the heavier twins within the pair showed higher levels of non-HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, apo B, apo C-II and apo C-III. In the MZ pairs discordant, for occupation, the twins of 'heavy work' showed significantly higher levels of apo B, total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol than the twins of 'light work'.
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PMID:Lifestyle factors affecting intrapair differences of serum apoproteins and cholesterol concentrations in adult identical twins. 363 40

To determine the predictive risk factors of the severity of the coronary artery disease, the serum levels of lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein were measured in 103 patients undergoing coronary angiography examination for suspected myocardial ischemia. The extent and severity of the coronary artery disease (CAD) were assessed by assigning scores to each lesion. Twenty-six female patients (59 +/- 8 yrs.) showed a stronger relationship of apo B and apo A-I/B to the coronary scores than the 77 male patients (57 +/- 8 yrs.). The male patients were divided into four groups based on the coronary scores: H-CAD (range: over 11 points), M-CAD (5-10 points), L-CAD (1-4 points) and N-CAD (0 point). The atherogenic risk factors other than the abnormalities in lipid metabolism (obesity index, fasting plasma glucose, smoking and blood pressure) were well matched in the four groups. T.C., LDL-C., HDL-C., HDL2-C., apo B, apo A-I/B ratio and apo A-II/B ratio significantly differed in the H-CAD and N-CAD groups. These results indicate that T.C., LDL-C., HDL-C., HDL2-C., apo B, apo A-I/B ratio and apo A-II/B ratio are predictive risk factors of the coronary heart disease. Furthermore, apo B and apo A-I/B ratio significantly differed in the H-CAD and L-CAD groups. These results suggest that apo B and apo A-I/B ratio may be good discriminators of the severity of the coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Serum levels of lipids and apolipoproteins in angiographycally defined ischemic heart disease. 386 43

The aim of this study was to assess any association between an Xmn1 restriction site polymorphism of the apo AI gene and lipoprotein levels in obesity. A cross sectional study was made of lipid variables in relation to genetic and anthropometric factors in obese people at the Nutrition Outpatient Clinic of Bichat Hospital in Paris, France. The subjects were 97 unrelated French Caucasian subjects (65 women and 32 men) selected on the basis of 20% over-weight. The following main outcome measures were recorded: body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), cholesterol (C) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in serum and lipoproteins (including HDL subfractions), apolipoproteins AI and B, determination of apo AI Xmn1 genotypes. Three alleles, designated X1, X2, X3, could be detected with frequencies 0.84, 0.12, and 0.04 respectively. The X2 carriers had higher concentrations of LpA-I, A-II (HDL particles containing both Apo AI and Apo AII) in the whole group: 0.90 vs 0.77 and 0.72 g/l in X1X1 and X1X3 respectively (P < 0.01). The genotype X1X2 was also associated with higher HDL-C in obese men (0.47 vs 0.36 g/l in X1X1, P < 0.05). In X1X1 women, BMI was positively correlated with serum and VLDL-TG (P < 0.05) and negatively with HDL2-C (P < 0.05), WHR being positively correlated with serum TG (P < 0.05), VLDL-TG (P < 0.01) and negatively with HDL-(P < 0.05) and HDL2-C (P < 0.01). These correlations were not found in subjects carrying the X2 allele.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Xmn1 restriction polymorphism of apolipoprotein AI gene and lipoprotein levels in obesity. 792 Aug 70


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