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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In two groups of obese diabetic patients closely matched for age, glucose intolerance and indices of obesity, the group with hypertriglyceridaemia was found to have an increased triglyceride content of adipocytes (p less than 0.001) and raised fasting plasma insulin (p less than 0.02). Plasma insulin did not directly relate to the level of plasma triglyceride (r = +0.28, n = 36, p N.S.) but correlated with the triglyceride content of adipocytes (r = +0.59, n = 37, p less than 0.001). The results suggest that raised plasma insulin is not a primary determinant of the level of plasmatriglyceride but that it may be related by its effect on lipogenesis in adipose and other tissues.
Horm Metab Res 1975 Sep
PMID:The triglyceride content of adipocytes and plasma of patients with diabetes mellitus. 118 20

Hepatic-portal infusions of small or large flucose loads in the rabbit had little or no stimulating effect on postinfusion food intake. However, marked differential changes in appetite were observed when small and large glucose loads were infused into the duodenum. The satiating effect of small glucose loads contrasted sharply with an unusually high increase in food intake triggered by the infusions of larger amounts of glucose into the duodenum. The results are interpreted in terms of a possible involvement of the enteroinsular mechanism in the regulation of food intake. This mechanism is bypassed and its influence on food intake eliminated when glucose is infused directly into the portal circulation. The positive relationship between large amounts of alimentary carbohydrates and overeating is seen as a factor that may actively promote the development of obesity and diabetes mellitus.
Am J Physiol 1975 Sep
PMID:Satiety and hunger induced by small and large duodenal loads of isotonic glucose. 121 47

The relationship between arterial blood pressure and clinically apparent diabetes mellitus was examined by measuring blood pressure, under standardised conditions, in 735 ambulant diabetic patients attending St. Mary's and King's College Hospital, London. Other biometric, clinical and family data were also systematically collected. A large proportion of first degree relatives of the diabetics and a control group of first degree relatives of non-diabetics were also seen and examined; they were also tested for the presence of unsuspected diabetes. Blood pressure in diabetics was evaluated in two ways. Mean pressures (systolic and diastolic) were calculated by age and sex and compared with similar data from two British non-diabetic populations. In addition, age and sex adjusted blood pressure "scores" were derived for each of the diabetic propositi and for the relatives by calculating the degree to which their pressures deviated from the mean of a corresponding age/sex group of non-diabetics. These deviations were then made comparable by standardising them for the systematic change in variance with age and sex. Using both "raw pressures" and "adjusted scores" the influence of age, sex, obesity, arm girth, response to diagnosis and ethnic, obstetric and anamnestic features were examined. Analysis of the influence of various characteristics of the diabetic state on blood pressure was made; this included mode of presentation, known duration; insulin dose and degree of metabolic control. Finally the relationship of blood pressure levels to the long-term sequels of diabetes was analysed with special reference to renal disease, eye changes, neuropathy and arterial disease. No systematic difference between arterial blood pressure in diabetics and a suitable control population was detected. Younger patients, females more than males, tended to have somewhat higher mean diastolic pressures but these were balanced by rather lower mean pressures in older diabetics. There was evidence of raised pressure levels at the time of diagnosis of diabetes, particularly in older patients, which "settled" with time for reasons which were not clear. The relationship of arterial pressure with adiposity was comparable to that in non-diabetics. After allowance for age and sex, blood pressures and scores were not related to the mode of onset of the diabetes. In the youngest onset group, however, known duration of diabetes appeared to correlate positively with arterial pressure in excess of the effect of age. Insulin dose and metabolic characteristics of the diabetes showed little clear association with arterial pressure but, as expected, patients with evidence of renal disease had higher mean pressures. However, cause-effect relationship between raised pressure and renal disease in diabetics may operate in both directions. Some elements of retinopathy were positively correlated with blood pressure; others were not. The role of co-existing renal disease in determining this association was examined...
Diabete Metab 1975 Sep
PMID:Arterial pressure in clinically apparent diabetics. 123 79

1. In biopsy samples of the lateral part of m. quadriceps femoris of 49 obese and 14 lean persons the activities of the following enzymes were investigated: triosephosphate dehydrogenase (TPDH), glycerolphosphate: nad dehydrogenase (GPDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hexokinase (HK), malate: NAD dehydrogenase (MDH), citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOADH). 2. The muscles of obese had an increased activity ratio of TPDH to CS and to HK, respectively, caused in muscles of female obese subjects by an increase of TPDH activity, in those of obese men rather by a decrease of CS and HK activities. 3. Cluster analysis brough to light the existence of three major groups. Group 1 (low activity-low LDH group), consisting of muscles of female obese subjects only, exhibited low activities of all enzymes investigated, that of LDH being so low as to possibly induce a serious deficiency of anerobic metabolism under working conditions. Group 2 (medium enzyme activity group) was characterized by medium enzyme activities, similar to that of lean controls (included in this group). This consisted of subjects of both sex. Group 3 (high enzyme activity group) consisted of obese of both sex. It was distinguished by high enzyme activities, especially of LDH. It is suggested that the groups of similar enzyme activity patterns might reflect different stages, types and/or genesis of obesity.
Pflugers Arch 1975 Sep 29
PMID:Metabolic changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle of obese people. Enzyme activity patterns of energy-supplying metabolism. 123 24

Knowing the necessary minimum inhibitory or minimum effective concentration of a drug dose size and/or dosing interval for multiple dose therapy can be calculated under the assumption that the blood level-time curve of a drug can be described by an open one-compartment or an open two-compartment model, that the drug does not show dose dependent pharmacokinetics for the therapeutic dose range and that the distribution coefficient is applicable for a wide body weight range and age group, excluding severe edemas and obesity. The dose size and dosing interval equations are derived from the minimum blood-level concentration c'min equation in multiple dosing. Substituting c'min by MIC or MEC, cop by D - f/Vd and Vd by delta' - BW either the required dose size or dosing interval can be calculated. In the case of renal failure adjustment can be made by inclusion of a correction factor into the equations using either the observed creatinine clearance or the serum creatinine value.
Arzneimittelforschung 1975 Sep
PMID:Dose size and dosing interval determination. 124 70

A significant number of youth have obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus which are major risk factors for C.V.D and I.H.D. and which frequently occur after maturity. Analysis of lifestyle factors show a strong relationship between a series of these factors, and life style practices as typified by time-saving, dietary practice such as convenience foods, insufficient exercises, as well as family history of C.V.D. Prompt establish next of a system for screening high risk children with these factors and a corresponding support system for guiding and instructing them, is indicated. Studies should be performed from the viewpoint of life-cycle health management for establishing an integrated examination system for circulatory diseases for screening to follow-up.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 1992 Sep
PMID:[Prevention of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases by early intervention in youth]. 129 41

To quantify the association of abnormal glucose tolerance with hypertension, a population based study was carried out in subjects aged 30-65 years with oral glucose tolerance and blood pressure measurement compared with clinic based known diabetics. In males, subjects with diabetes (newly diagnosed and clinic based) had increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure with clinical significance compared to normal. The diastolic blood pressure in diabetic males was higher than normal but was not different from IGT. In females, the differences were observed between normal vs IGT, and diabetes. The differences were independent of age and obesity. The prevalence of hypertension also increased in diabetic patients, especially for systolic hypertension.
J Med Assoc Thai 1992 Sep
PMID:Abnormal glucose tolerance and blood pressure in Khon Kaen. 130 23

Pregnancy is thought to be a major contributor to the excess prevalence of obesity in women compared to men. Pregnancy-related increases in weight are purported to increase the risk that women will develop chronic diseases associated with high body weight. The assertion that pregnancy is associated with permanent weight gain and overweight was examined among 41184 post-menopausal women participating in a population-based study. Women reported lifetime parity, weight at ages 18, 30, 40 and 50 years, and current height. Body weight and body mass index (BMI) increased with age. On average, women gained 11.05 kg, or 0.35 kg per year between the ages of 18 and 50 years. Parity was associated with an increase in body weight from age 18 to 50 years of 0.55 kg per live birth, or 0.09 kg per live birth per year. At each age, women with lifetime parity of one or two live births had lower mean body weight and BMI, and a lower proportion overweight (BMI greater than 27 kg/m2), than either nulliparous women or those with three or more lifetime births. These results indicate a strong association between ageing and weight gain and a weak association between parity and both weight gain and overweight in women.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992 Sep
PMID:Parity-related weight change in women. 132 85

Several authors have suggested that obesity is more prevalent amongst children with mental retardation than non-mentally retarded children. However, studies on which this suggestion is based typically lack adequate control groups. The current research compared adiposity amongst mentally retarded versus non-mentally retarded children. Study 1 compared 110 mentally retarded children with 107 non-mentally retarded children (162 males, 61 females; age range 11 months-20 years). The independent (predictor) variables included IQ and mental retardation. Dependent (criteria) variables were BMI and age-corrected BMI. Study 2, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-II data bank compared 20 children with reported mental retardation with 4015 control children on three variables: BMI, age-corrected BMI, and subscapular to triceps skinfold ratio. Results of both studies found no significant difference in adiposity or body fat distribution between mentally retarded and non-mentally retarded children. Moreover, no significant difference emerged when either age or gender were controlled and no curvilinear or interaction effects were observed.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992 Sep
PMID:Adiposity in children: is mental retardation a critical variable? 132 86

Taste preferences for sensory stimuli composed of sugar and fat are predictive of some food preferences and may help distinguish between potential subtypes of human obesity. A sample of 37 obese females was divided into high-flux and low-flux groups according to the magnitude of fluctuations in body weight. Variability in body weight is thought to be indicative of the weight cycling syndrome. The subjects tasted and rated five sucrose solutions in water and nine ice creams of varying sugar and fat content. Perceptions and preferences for sweet solutions were the same for both groups. In contrast, the high-flux group showed higher preferences for ice cream stimuli than did the low-flux group. High-flux females also rated sweet desserts higher on a food preference questionnaire than did low-flux females. Prior consumption of milkshake pre-loads did not affect preference ratings for sweet solutions. However, hedonic preferences for ice creams after pre-load consumption were reduced in the high-flux group. The weight cycling syndrome may be associated with elevated hedonic preferences for sweet and high fat foods.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992 Sep
PMID:Taste responses and food preferences in obese women: effects of weight cycling. 132 87


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