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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Free microvascular flap transfer is indicated in situations in which flap coverage is required and no local flap is available. The technique of transfer of a groin flap based on the superficial circumflex iliac vessels was described. The procedure has been applied to two patients with acute electrical burns with extensive soft-tissue loss, three patients with scar contractures, and one with osteoradionecrosis. Satisfactory results were achieved in all patients. The procedure is contraindicated if recipient or donor vessels are abnormal or inadequate, and in the face of fulminating infection, general debility, and obesity. With scrupulous attention to indications and contraindications, the procedure is safe, reliable, and a valuable addition to the surgeon's armamentarium.
J Trauma 1975 Sep
PMID:Clinical applications of free flap transfer in the burn patient. 109 24

Ventilatory responses to progressive isocapnic hypoxia and rebreathing of carbon dioxide in oxygen were determined in four obese women before and approximately 1 year after ileal bypass surgery to force weight reduction. None of the patients was hypoventilating and all had normal pulmonary function tests. The ventilatory responses to hypoxia were normal before surgery and were not effected by weight reduction. The ventilatory responses to hypercapnia did not change in slope but a shift of the carbon dioxide response line toward a lower arterial carbon dioxide tension occurred in two subjects after weight reduction. We conclude that obesity per se does not necessarily cause loss of hypoxic ventilatory drive.
Am J Med 1975 Sep
PMID:Normal chemoreceptor function in obesity before and after ileal bypass surgery to force weight reduction. 109 1

1. Excessive amounts of food (two-fold more than the ad libitum intake) introduced into the gastro-intestinal tract of three adult male fowls, for 5 weeks, caused a marked increase in body weight resulting mainly from fat deposition. 2. The induced obesity was accompanied by an increase of the rectal temperature (0-2 to 0-3 degrees C) and a decrease of the skin and comb temperatures, a cessation in the growth of the comb, a reduction in the blood packed cell volume, an eight-fold reduction in the number of spermatozoa in the vasa deferentia and a concomitant depression in their motility. 3. A decrease of the testosterone and an increase of luteinising hormone concentrations in the blood plasma was obtained in two of the three treated birds.
Br Poult Sci 1975 Sep
PMID:Obesity induced by force-feeding and accompanying changes in body temperature and fertility in the male domestic fowl. 115 30

Insulin-carbohydrate relationships were investigated in four groups of young rats fed low protein diets differing in carbohydrate and fat contents: (1) a diet in which the nonprotein energy was provided by fatty acids (FA); (2) a similar diet in which the fatty acids were substituted by neutral fat (NF); (3) FA diet supplemented with glycerol (FA-Glyc); and (4) a carbohydrate-rich diet (HC). Control rats were fed a stock diet. Rats fed the FA diet lost weight, were hypoglycemic and hypoinsulinemic in the fed state and normoglycemic and normoinsulinemic in the fasted state, and had an impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia after a glucose load. Liver and muscle glycogen were low in fed rats. Fasting increased glycogen in liver and decreased glycogen in muscle. NF animals gained weight, were hypoglycemic in both fed and fasted states, and their plasma glucose level after an oral glucose load was almost normal. Plasma insulin/glucose ratio, both in fed and fasted states and after a glucose load indicated hyperinsulinism, which was accompanied by obesity. Muscle and liver glycogen were low in fed animals and did not change after a fast. Supplementation of the FA diet with glycerol (FA-Glyc) abolished weight loss and fasting hyperglycemia and normalized plasma glucose and insulin response to a glucose load. Rats fed the HC diet had an improved glucose tolerance and an increased sensitivity to insulin. Liver glycogen was high in the fed state and normal in the fasted state, whereas muscle glycogen was normal in both nutritional states.
J Nutr 1975 Sep
PMID:Effects of carbohydrate-free diets on the insulin-carbohydrate relationships in rats. 115 29

Figures for height and weight and derived values for total body water and fat were assembled for groups of girls with a variety of disorders to examine their conformity to the hypothesis of Frisch and Revelle that menarche occurs at a "critical" weight associated with a decline in metabolic rate and achievement of a characteristic body composition. The groups examined included girls with unusually tall stature, central idiopathic precocity, precocity associated with hypothyroidism, girls with hypothyroidism but lacking signs of sexual maturation, one group with gonadal dysgenesis, and another of girls with obesity. Girls with tall stature significantly exceeded the "critical" weight of 47.8 kg before achieving menarche but had onset of menses in accordance with the body composition hypothesis. The body composition of girls with idiopathic sex precocity was altered toward that at menarche of normals although the patients were much smaller and younger. The same trend was exaggerated in girls in whom precocity was associated with hypothyroidism; equally hypothyroid girls showing no signs of adolescent development had body compositions similar to those of age-matched controls. Girls with gonadal dysgenesis showed an alteration in body composition paralleling that of normals between the ages when the latter begin the pubertal growth spurt and achieve menarche. Girls under 8 years of age with simple obesity had an even greater percentage of body fat than normal menarchal girls but showed no signs of puberty. It is concluded that menarche is not necessarily triggered by achievement of a critical body weight or lowering of metabolism. Neither are the rising levels of estrogen in adolescence solely responsible for the characteristic increase in body fat. Only the data on girls with obesity failed to accord with the generalization that, when the ovaries are competent, menarche is highly correlated with achievement of a characteristic body composition. The observations, particularly in gonadal dysgenesis, suggest the pituitary gonadotropins may play a role in determining body composition in menarche.
Pediatrics 1975 Sep
PMID:Body composition at menarche: The Frisch-Revelle hypothesis revisited. 116 2

Most patients with extreme obesity do not exhibit alveolar hypoventilation, but an intriguing minority do. The mechanism(s) of this phenomenon remain unknown. A disorder in ventilatory control has been suggested as a major factor in the pathogenesis of the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Accordingly, hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory drives were measured in 10 patients with the typical symptoms of the syndrome: obesity, hypersomnolence, hypercapnia, hypoxemia, polycythemia and cor pulmonale. Hypoxic ventilatory drive, measured as the shape parameter A, averaged 21.9 +/- 5.35, approximately one-sixth that in normal controls, A = 126 +/- 8.6 (P less than 0.01). The ventilatory response to hypercapnia also was markedly reduced, the slope of the response averaging 0.51 +/- 0.005, or about one-third the normal value of 1.83 +/- 0.13 (P less than 0.01). This decreased responsiveness in hypoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory drive was consistent throughout the group. The depression in ventilatory drive found in the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome may be causally related to the alveolar hypoventilation manifested by these patients.
Am J Med 1975 Sep
PMID:Decreased hypoxic ventilatory drive in the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. 116 44

1. A survey was done of 2333 men and women who claimed experience of slimming. 2. Their loss of weight was determined from their maximum stated weight and their present weight. The loss of weight was calculated as the percentage of the maximum weight and was related to the stated age of onset of obesity. 3. The results showed that those people in the survey who had been fat since childhood had lost just as much weight as those people who had become fat as adults. 4. These results suggest that the treatment of early-onset obesity may not be an unrealistic objective.
Br J Nutr 1975 Sep
PMID:The relationship of the age of onset of obesity to the success of its treatment in the adult. 117 94

Seven lean and five obese boys, aged 9-12 yr, exercised in four environments: 21.1, 26.7, 29.4, and 32.2 degrees C Teff. Subjects walked on a treadmill at 4.8 km/h, 5% grade for three 20-min exercise bouts separated by 5-min rest periods. Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate (HR), sweat rate, and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured periodically throughout the session. Lean boys had lower Tre and HR than obese boys in each of the environments. Increases in Tre were significantly greater for the obese at 26.7 and 29.4 degrees C Teff. No significant differences in Tsk and sweat rate (g-m-2-h-1) were observed between lean and obese boys. Obese boys had significantly lower oxygen consumptions per kg but worked at a significantly higher percentage of VO2max than lean boys when performing submaximal work. Responses of the obese boys to exercise in the heat were similar to those of heavy prepubertal girls studied previously, except that the boys were more tolerant of exercise at 32.2 degrees C Teff than the girls. Lean boys had lower HR than lean girls in each environment, but lower Tre only at 32.2 degrees C Teff.
J Appl Physiol 1975 Sep
PMID:Heat tolerance of exercising lean and obese prepubertal boys. 117 12

The problem of obesity is not well dealt with in the ordinary diabetes clinic. We therefore started a clinic for obese diabetics, the principles of which are mentioned. We reviewed the results of its ifrst year's activity in relation to 80 patients who attended for at least 3 months, and found: (i) a very frequent family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives (59% among Coloured patients); (ii) very commonly, an abnormal ECG, suggestive of ischaemic heart disease (about 60%); (iii) very frequent serum lipid abnormalities, yet no correlation between high lipid levels and an abnormal ECT; (iv) a mean loss of 5,9 kg over 8,6 months for the 80 patients (mean loss of 10,4 kg by the 8 men); (v) patients who had been fat in childhood actually lost more weight than did those who became overweight only in adult life; and (vi) oral hypoglycaemic drugs and even insulin could frequently be discontinued. We believe the clinic is worthwhile.
S Afr Med J 1975 Sep 13
PMID:A year's experience in a clinic for obese diabetics. 117 33

The action of insulin (0.1 U/ml) on the metabolism of human intestinal smooth muscle was studied in vitro. The experiments were performed on the muscle layer of human jujunum obtained from patients undergoing intestinal shunt operations because of obesity. Insulin significantly increased glucose uptake, glycogen content, the membrane transport of alpha-amino-isobutyric acid (AIB), the incorporation of leucine into protein and tended to increase the membrane transport of the nonutilizable model monosaccharide 3-0-methylglucose. The effects of insulin were moderate and appeared after incubation times of 120 to 180 min.
Horm Metab Res 1975 Sep
PMID:Effect of insulin on human intestinal smooth muscle. 118 19


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