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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a Pacific island (Polynesian) population exposed to Westernized food-stuffs and sedentary life during adulthood, the fat cell size in the gluteal region in obese men was 71% higher than in age-matched nonobese controls. Rough estimations of body fat from anthropometric measurements suggest that the obesity of these men were mainly due to fat cell enlargement. Increased blood glucose and plasma lipids were associated with the obesity.
Am J Clin Nutr 1979 Sep
PMID:Adipose tissue cellularity in obese nondiabetic men in an urbanized Pacific island (Polynesian) population. 47 68

Blood sugar and IRI were followed for 24 hr in healthy patients, young and adult diabetics, and in subjects with apparently primary obesity on a standard, normal calorie diet. Morning and nocturnal insulin positivity peaks were noted in the normal subjects, though circadians variations in these parameters were mainly related to meals. This periodicity was altered in young diabetics, for whom insulin responsivity was ruled out, and in the adult diabetics, who displayed deficient insulin secretion in the morning, and delayed secretion after the afternoon meal, and in the obese subjects, the quality of whose response was close to that of the previous group. The usefulness of this type on examination in the planning of diet and drug management, quite apart from diagnosis and prognosis, is stressed.
Minerva Med 1979 Sep 15
PMID:[Circadian variations in glycemia and IRI in normal subjects, young and adult diabetics and in obese subjects]. 48 87

Obesity, alcohol consumption, and hematocrit provide an index of plasma uric acid, which in path analysis has a cultural heritability of 0.11 in children and 0.23 in parents, a small maternal effect, and a genetic heritability of 0.25 in both generations. Preliminary evidence for a major locus is destroyed by the omission of one exceptional child. There is no evidence against the polygenic hypothesis for hyperuricemia in the Japanese-American population studied.
Hum Genet 1979 Sep
PMID:Determinants of plasma uric acid. 48 16

After a successful trial of bilio-pancreatic bypass in dogs, a clinical study has been completed in 18 patients followed for more than 1 year. The operation has been modified to achieve the best weight reduction, and forming the bilio-pancreatic tract of equal length to the alimentary tract with a short common ileal tract, the average weight loss as a percentage of the preoperative body weight was 24.1 +/- 5.4 per cent (mean +/- s.d.) at 6 months and 33.7 +/- 4.1 per cent at 12 months. The only immediate complication was a wound dehiscence, and there were no late complications. Liver function studies showed the absence of hepatic deterioration and liver biopsies showed improvement of liver morphology 1 year after the operation. It is suggested that this procedure may be an alternative to jejuno-ileal bypass in the management of obesity.
Br J Surg 1979 Sep
PMID:Bilio-pancreatic bypass for obesity: II. Initial experience in man. 49 45

Obesity in infancy is accompanied by an increase in number and size of adipose cells. These changes in adipose tissue are due to a false relation of nutrient intake to physical activity. Obesity is not caused by an increased nutrient intake alone, since our long-term investigations have shown obese children to take in 300 kcal per day more than normal children. Fat intake of obese children is slightly enhanced. An exact method for estimation of obesity is the measurement of triceps, subscapular and suprailiacal skinfold. With this method used in 12,000 children during the period 1970--1977 we could detect a frequency of obesity of 15% in children 3--6 years old and of 25% in children aged 6--14 years. Extreme obesity is recommended for treatment in a hospital. The moderate forms of obesity should be treated by the paediatrician with a reduction of calories, clear recommendations of the nutrient amount and education to regularity.
Fortschr Med 1979 Sep 13
PMID:[The obese child and its nutrition]. 49 55

Jejunoileal bypass operations have been used for more than 20 years for the treatment of massive obesity. This treatment results in malabsorption with diarrhoea, especially during the first year after the operation. A high incidence of urinary tract calculi have been found in these patients (4, 5, 15, 19, 24). Other known late complications are transient disturbances in liver function and electrolyte balance (5).
Urol Res 1979 Sep
PMID:The incidence of urinary tract calculi after small-intestinal bypass operations for treatment of obesity. 50 81

Hyperglycemic obese and hyperinsulinemic mice of DBM strain develop a diabetic syndrome which can be compared to human maturity onset diabetes. In this study 6 to 49 weeks old female mice were used. Hyperglycemia and concomitant obesity were observed at 9 weeks. Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was maximum at 15--20 weeks, then decreased progressively with broad individual variations. Metformin, administered at 200 mg/kg per os, ineffective dosage in normal mice, showed a strong hypoglycemic effect in younger mice (11--18 weeks) with a plasma IRI decrease and no blood lactate and liver glycogen alteration. Plasma metformin concentration curve showed an exponential elimination fitted to a one compartment model with a plasma half-life of 2.7 hours. Metformin-induced hypoglycemia was lower in older mice (23--29 weeks) and corroborated their lower initial plasma IRI. All these results are in accordance with those reported in man and show that DBM mice provide a suitable model for a better understanding of antidiabetic drugs effects.
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1979 Sep
PMID:DBM mice as a pharmacological model of maturity onset diabetes. Studies with metformin. 52 68

Measurement of energy balance during voluntary overeating in rats unequivocally establishes the quantitative importance of diet-induced thermogenesis in energy balance. Like cold-induced thermogenesis, this form of heat production involves changes in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and brown adipose tissue which suggest that this tissue may determine metabolic efficiency and resistance to obesity.
Nature 1979 Sep 06
PMID:A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis. 55 Dec 65

An exercise programme is an important part of the management of the obese patient. Exercise may increase both the specific dynamic action of food and the post-exercise metabolic rate, in addition to its direct caloric cost. Moderate daily exercise aids regulation of the appetite and may reduce the voluntary caloric intake of otherwise sedentary persons. Post-prandial activity may utilize more calories; therefore an adequate breakfast and avoidance of late night eating may be effective in weight control. A better tolerated and more nutritious diet may be allowed, and lean body weight better preserved, by combining exercise with a dietary programme. Regular exercise may also reduce some of the more serious life-threatening complications of obesity and poor dietary habits, allowing greater freedom in the pursuit of other pleasures.
Med J Aust 1977 Sep 24
PMID:The role of physical activity in the control of obesity. 60 Jan 40

This study examined the effects on the marriages of twelve patients who underwent intestinal bypass surgery for extreme obesity. Marked conflict and disruption were observed. Most striking were changes in the areas of sexuality and dependence/independence parameters. The authors discuss the function of the symptom of obesity within these marital systems.
Fam Process 1977 Sep
PMID:The removal of a psychosomatic symptom: effects on the marriage. 61 19


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