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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospholipid contents of heart papillary muscle were measured in groups of obviously healthy and diseased females and males on whom either routine or forensic necropsies were performed. In healthy men the triglyceride content was 1.77 +/- 1.30 mg/g of wet weight and in women 1.25 +/- 0.48 mg/g wet weight. The corresponding values for cholesterol were 1.07 +/- 0.24 mg/g and 1.21 +/- 0.22 mg/g and those for phospholipids 17.70 +/- 5.15 mg/g and 19.65 +/- 10.21 mg/g. The differences between the sexes were not significant. The hypertensive or cardiac hypertrophy group had about the same or slightly lower means for lipid content. In the cholelithiasis group, women had significantly high triglyceride values (3.38 +/- 2.36 mg/g). The cholesterol values were not significantly elevated in either men or women. In the diabetic group, triglycerides were significantly increased both in men (mean 8.12 +/- 0.54 mg/g) and in women (6.85 +/- 5.66 mg/g). The cholesterol mean values were also high in both sexes, but the rise was not significant because of the great variation. In the coronary atheroma group, both male and female hospital cases had high triglyceride contents (mean 4.48 +/- 4.25 mg/g and 3.65 +/- 3.94 mg/g) whereas the forensic cases had only slightly elevated or normal values. Cholesterol assays paralleled the triglyceride ones, but phospholipids showed an inverse trend. The results showed that the lipid content of papillary muscle was increased in diseases where disturbances of lipid metabolism are evident, as in diabetes and cholelithiasis. In coronary atheroma only those cases with advanced obstruction of the arteries were associated with abnormal values of papillary lipids. No increase of the lipid content with age alone was found, nor was there any correlation with obesity.
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PMID:Triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids in normal heart papillary muscle and in patients suffering from diabetes, cholelithiasis, hypertension, and coronary atheroma. 426 65

The prevalence of diabetes, the interrelationship of blood glucose, serum insulin, and lipids, and their relationship to ischemic heart dise ase in a rural Jamaican community were investigated. The people were mo stly of West African descent. Occupations were primarily agricultural w ith much physical labor. Approximately 80% of total claories in their d iet were from carbohydrates. Of 696 25-64 year old persons, a response rate of 77.3% was achieved. The patients, after an overnight fast, drank a 7-oz bottle of Glucola which was the equivalent of a 100 gm glucose load. Electrocardiograms (EKGs), blood pressure readings, a chest X-ray, and skinfold tests for obesity were done. A family history was obtained. Blood and urine specimens were taken before the glucose was given. 1 hour after the glucose was given, blood and urine specimens were also taken. Those with blood glucose of 180 mg% or more were given a 3-hour glucose tolerance test. Of the 525 persons who had the 1-hour test, 23 were found to be glycosuric. Of these, 11 were not shown to be diabetic by the 3-hour glucose test. Of the 502 with negative urines, 34 were positive on blood tests. The rates increased with age, except in the oldest age groups (p less than .05 for males and p less than .001 for females). There was no relationship between the number of live births and the 1-hour blood glucose tests. There was neither increase in the diagnosis of diabetes nor increase in variance with number of children. The known diabetics were fatter and had higher triglycerides than others. Cholesterol was higher in all male diabetics but not in females. Only 2 persons experiencing effort pain had EKG changes. Data from this study indicate that no statistically significant association exists between levels of glycemia and blood pressure or prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The physical fitness acquired from walking and working in a hilly area may be a factor.
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PMID:The prevalence of diabetes in a rural population of Jamaican adults. 466 90

An experiment was undertaken to test whether in severe obesity cholesterol production rates obtained by isotope kinetic analysis (two-pool compartmental analysis) are comparable to those measured by chemical sterol balance techniques. Eight severely obese but normocholesterolemic patients were studied by the balance method, and five of these eight were studied by compartmental analysis. Cholesterol turnover was 10% higher by compartmental analysis. In the entire group of eight patients cholesterol turnover was greater than twice that found previously in nonobese patients studied under similar conditions with bile acids and neutral sterols both participating in the increase. This increment was directly related to excess body fat and to adipose cellularity, with correlation co-efficients of 0.66 and 0.72, respectively. The amount of cholesterol in the slowly turning over pool B was related to degree of adiposity, but that in plasma and in pool A did not differ from values in nonobese patients.
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PMID:Cholesterol metabolism in human obesity. 472 38

Hyperlipidemia is common in diabetic patients. While our understanding of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes is incomplete, a pathophysiologic approach to this problem is presented. It is based on the recognition that diabetes is metabolically heterogeneous. Thus the roles of insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, obesity, and genetic factors are discussed in relation to their effects on lipoprotein production and catabolism. The most important defect in insulin-deficient subjects appears to be a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase, which is responsible for the removal of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In non-insulin-dependent subjects there is evidence for a removal defect as well as, in some patients, for overproduction of VLDL-triglyceride. Cholesterol levels may be elevated and it is important to distinguish between VLDL, LDL, and HDL as the causes for these increases. HDL-cholesterol levels may be increased in insulin-dependent subjects, whereas they may be decreased in obese non-insulin-dependent patients. Mild elevations of LDL-cholesterol may occur in inadequately controlled type I and II diabetic patients, while elevated VLDL may raise the serum cholesterol in addition to the triglyceride levels. The rationale for therapy is based on the complications of severe hypertriglyceridemia and the risk of occlusive atherosclerosis. Management is directed at improving glycemic control, altering dietary composition, and reducing calories in obese patients. Improved glycemic control is effective in reducing triglyceride and cholesterol levels in insulin-deficient subjects. The response of the non-insulin-dependent diabetic patient to improved control may be complicated by associated obesity or familial hyperlipidemia. The advantages and disadvantages of fat versus carbohydrate restriction in the diet are discussed. Finally, resistant hyperlipidemia may require drug therapy. Diabetic hyperlipidemia should be viewed as resulting from an interaction between the diabetic syndrome, the genetic background of the patient, and the environment.
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PMID:Lipid disorders in diabetes. 675 32

The mortality of 1564 Busselton subjects has been studied from 1966-79 to determine whether risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) showed any change in emphasis compared with the Framingham Population Study of 20 yr previously. The Busselton analysis used subjects free of probable and suspect coronary heart disease at onset. In men aged 40-59, systolic blood pressure (SBP), forced expiratory volume (FEV), and serum cholesterol levels were significant independent determining variables for CVD mortality and cholesterol for CHD mortality, with SBP being related to CVD in men aged 60-74 yr. In women, there were few indicators of future vascular risk with no significant determining variable for CVD and CHD in 40-59 yr olds, but blood glucose and FEV were significant risk factors for CVD in women aged 60-74 yr. Cholesterol was unrelated to mortality in women but showed negative relationship with cancer in 60-74 yr old men. In total mortality, smoking in men and women, and obesity in women were significant risk factors; 1 hr serum insulin had a negative relationship in men aged 40-59 yr, and a stronger positive relationship in men aged 60-74 yr, but this may have been due to the close negative association of the variable with body size (i.e. height). More studies are required to ascertain whether glucose and insulin have an aetiological role in vascular disease.
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PMID:Multiple regression analysis of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in Busselton, Western Australia--13-year study. 685 63

Glucose intolerance was found in 22% of the residents of Koki in Port Moresby, 5% of residents in the coastal village of Kalo and in 3% of 120 young civil servants. The respective prevalences of frank diabetes mellitus were 15.6%, 1% and 0%. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar and low in all groups, despite both obesity and glucose intolerance in the urban-Koki residents who also had a significantly higher blood pressure. There is a need to identify those areas of Papua New Guinea where, in a similar fashion to other countries in the South Pacific, diabetes mellitus is increasing. Simple measures of dietary restriction and increased exercise may be effective in preventing diabetes from becoming a major health problem particularly in identified high prevalence areas.
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PMID:Diabetic surveys in Papua New Guinea - results and implications. 695 41

The clinical findings in 63 patients with xanthomas were analysed. Among them 5 had xanthelasmas and normal lipids. The largest group (37) consisted of females with xanthelasmas and heterozygotic form of hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) type II. In this group HDL cholesterol values (1,5 mmol/l) were normal and ischemic heart disease (IHD) was rare. However, in 14 males HDL values (1,1 mml/l) were low while IHD was common. Cholesterol deposits in the folds of the palm (xanthochtomia striata palmaris), tuberous xanthoma and peripheral artery changes were characteristical findings for all three patients with HLP type III. In patients with HLP type IV and eruptive xanthomas, obesity was common finding (4/4) and disturbed glycoregulation (2/4) and triglyceride values were very high (X = 61,1 mmol/l).
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PMID:[Xanthomatosis in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia]. 696 4

Fasting plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and uric acid were measured in 109 Melanesian residents of Port Moresby and 71 residents of a Papuan coastal village. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were low, mean cholesterol 3 . 74 and 3 . 70 mM/l and triglycerides 0 . 64 and 0 . 59 mM/l respectively in urban and rural residents, with no relation to age or sex. Uric acid was higher in urban men (0 . 37 mM/l) than either urban women (0 . 26 mM/l) or rural men and women (0 . 25 and 0 . 24 mM/l). The levels of plasma cholesterol found in this study are similar to previous reports on rural populations in Papua New Guinea. The apparent failure of plasma lipids to increase significantly in urbanised residents of port Moresby who had a significantly higher prevalence of both diabetes mellitus and obesity is unexplained.
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PMID:Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and uric acid in urban and rural communities in Papua New Guinea. 700 59

Cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were measured in Indian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young (NIDDY). Both cholesterol and triglycerides were increased as compared with reference values. The HDL cholesterol levels were lower in cases of NIDDY. Aberrations in the lipid and lipoprotein levels were more pronounced in males. Significant correlations were found between the levels of cholesterol and glycosylated haemoglobin, and triglycerides and glycosylated haemoglobin; triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were inversely correlated. No correlation was found between triglycerides and obesity. NIDDY does not differ from the more common type of non-insulin-dependent diabetes in mature patients with regard to cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels.
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PMID:Cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young. 706 11

Cholesterol supersaturation of bile has been reported in human obesity. Since electrolytic lesions placed in the ventro-medial hypothalamus induce hyperphagia and obesity in the rat, bile flow and lipid composition have been studied two months after the induction of such stereotaxic lesions in a group of ten animals and in their sham-operated controls. Bile flow was significantly lower in obese rats than in controls. The bile flow reduction was attributed to a decrease of the bile acid independent fraction, since no variation in bile acid excretion rate and in bile to plasma ratio of [14C] erythritol was seen between the two groups. Whereas plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in ventro-medial hypothalamus lesioned rats, biliary cholesterol and phospholipid excretion rates were similar in the two groups. These data indicate that stereotaxic lesions of ventro-medial hypothalamus in the rat significantly reduce bile flow, suggesting a correlation between active sodium transport at canalicular level and neuroendocrine hypothalamic function, but fail to induce qualitative alterations of bile lipid composition.
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PMID:Bile flow impairment of ventro-medial hypothalamus lesioned obese rats. 725 71


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