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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations have been measured in 985 men and women sampled from communities in London, Naples, Uppsala and Geneva. This was done to define normal ranges, detect inter-population differences, and relate such differences to levels of lipids in the major lipoprotein classes of plasma. Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations showed substantial differences between the four populations; levels of these lipids showed parallel trends, which were attributable to differences in low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein concentrations. By contrast, high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations showed little or no interpopulation differences. Geographical differences in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were not correlated with variation in the prevalence of obesity.
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PMID:Serum lipoprotiens in four European communities: a quantitative comparison. 21 Oct 38

Duodenal bile from 27 diabetes was compared with samples from healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Cholesterol saturation and the molar percentages of bile acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol were not significantly different. Most bile samples were supersaturated in both groups. The maturity onset diabetics who were almost all obese had more saturated bile than the slimmer juvenile onset patients. Body fatness and plasma triglyceride levels were both positively correlated with the cholesterol saturation of bile in the controls but not in the diabetics. Bile was less concentrated in female diabetics than in controls, which is consistent with impaired gallbladder emptying. It is possible that the increased prevalence of gallstones in diabetics is due not so much to diabetes itself as to the frequently associated obesity.
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PMID:Lipid composition of bile in diabetics and obesity-matched controls. 46 79

1. Fatty acid synthesis, measured in the perfused liver of genetically obese (ob/ob) mice with 3H2O or [14C]actate, did not show the inhibition by [8-arginine]vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) that is observed in livers from normal mice. 2. Hepatic glycogen breakdown in obese mice was stimuulated by vasopressin, but not as extensively as in lean mice. 3. If obese mice received a restricted amount of food, then fatty acid synthesis still did not respond to vasopressin, but glycogen breakdown was fully stimulated. 4. Cholesterol synthesis was not inhibited by vasopressin in livers from obese mice. 5. Vasopressin inhibited fatty acid synthesis in intact lean mice, but not in obese animals. 6. These results suggest that genetic obesity could be due to an inborn error within the mechanisms (other than adenylate cyclase) which mediate responses to extracellular effectors.
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PMID:Resistance to hepatic action of vasopressin in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. 100 43

In 1987, a cardiovascular risk profile was obtained on 836 workers of the National Electricity Co in Santiago. There were 714 males and 125 females, the mean age was 45 years (ES +/- 0.3). Hypertension (systolic pressure > 160 or diastolic > 90 mmHg) was present in 17% of subjects, hypercholesterolemia (> 240 mg/dl or > 220 mg/dl associated to 2 other risk factors) in 17%, obesity (> 20% above ideal weight) in 33% and 29% were smokers. An advice to stop smoking, changes in the casino menu and hypertension, obesity and hypercholesterolemia's control programs were offered. These were attended by 108 hypertensives, 141 subjects with hypercholesterolemia and 104 obese individuals with an attendance rate of 64%, 75 and 77% respectively. Measurements repeated 2 years later revealed a reduction in diastolic pressure of 3.3 +/- 1.1 mmHg (p < 0.004) only in adherent subjects. Cholesterol levels were reduced by 24 +/- 3 mg/dl (p < 0.001) with no differences for non participants, adherent and non adherent subjects. Adherent obese subjects reduced their weight by 2.2 +/- 0.4 kg (p < 0.001). There was no change in the number of smokers.
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PMID:[A 2-year follow-up of a program for the control of cardiovascular risk factors among asymptomatic workers]. 134 29

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of arterial hypertension and other risk factors in patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in two clinical samples (1.: 102 patients with PAD 69 M, 33 F, studied in our angiology laboratory, matched for sex and age with 102 healthy volunteers; 2.: 184 hospitalized patients, 80 M, 104 F, mean age 57.2 +/- 10.8, with PAD) and in two epidemiological cohorts (1.: Trabia Study, 835 subjects; 2.: Casteldaccia Study, 723 subjects). All patients were subjected to a full clinical and laboratory examination, including the determination of the ankle/arm pressure ratio (Winsor index, positive for PAD when lower than 0.95). In the first clinical study we observed a significantly (p < 0.01) greater prevalence of arterial hypertension (51.9 vs 9.8%), hypercholesterolemia (48.2 vs 21.6%), hypertriglyceridemia (53.7 vs 26.1%), smoking habit (64.3 vs 44.2%), and hyperglycemia (26 vs 7,9%) in PAD patients than in controls. In the second clinical study considering separately the patients under and over 65 years, all risk factors resulted to be more prevalent in younger people than in the aged, except for diabetes and hypertension. In our epidemiological experience, the prevalence of PAD increases with aging, above all in males. In the Trabia Study the risk factors, more associated with PAD, were hypercholesterolemia, smoking and obesity (41.18%) in males and hypertension and hypercholesterolemia (33.3%) and obesity (25%) in females. In the Casteldaccia Study the most important risk factors were smoking (64.28%), hypercholesterolemia (42.86%) and hypertriglyceridemia (35.71%) in males, and obesity (60%), hypercholesterolemia (30%) and diabetes (20%) in females. Cholesterol levels and smoking were significantly higher in PAD patients than in the general population, whereas hypertriglyceridemia and glycemia were not. Arterial hypertension was significantly associated with PAD in the Trabia but not in the Casteldaccia Study. Obesity was significantly associated to PAD in females in both studies. In the Casteldaccia Study, lower HDL-cholesterol levels were observed in PAD patients, above all in males, whereas significantly greater Apo-B values and lower Apo-A1 levels (in males) were shown. The different levels of associated risk factors and their prevalence in PAD patients confirm the multifactorial pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The exact role of each risk factor in the genesis of PAD is difficult to be evaluated due to the complex biological and statistical interrelationships among different risk factors. However, the management of associated risk factors may favourably influence the risk profile in each patient suffering from PAD.
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PMID:Prevalence of risk factors in patients with peripheral arterial disease. A clinical and epidemiological evaluation. 146 Mar 57

There are two types of gallstones; cholesterol and pigment or bilirubinate. Cholesterol stones are formed in the gallbladder as a consequence of altered hepatocellular and gallbladder function. Overproduction of cholesterol by the liver is the major metabolic precedent of cholesterol gallstones and this may occur because of obesity, drugs, or other factors. Gallbladder factors which promote stone formation include hypomotility and the secretion of nucleating factors such as mucus glycoprotein. It is possible that both of these two factors are mediated by an increase in the prostaglandin production by the gallbladder mucosa. Pigment stones are either brown or black. Brown stones are formed of calcium bilirubinate and are usually associated with biliary infection. They occur in both the gallbladder and the bile ducts. Black pigment stones are extremely hard bilirubin polymers and are found mainly in the gallbladder. Biliary sludge is a necessary precedent of gallstones. It comprises cholesterol monohydrate crystals, glycoproteins and granules of calcium bilirubinate.
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PMID:The formation of gallstones. 158 12

The evidence is growing that not only total cholesterol, but also HDL cholesterol is an important predictor of coronary heart disease. In the Framingham Study, the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio gave the best prediction for the coronary heart disease risk. With data of the Netherlands Monitoring Risk Factor Project it was investigated to what extent persons with a high ratio (greater than or equal to 7) were identified when the criteria of the Netherlands Cholesterol Consensus were applied. Between 1987 and 1989 total and HDL cholesterol were determined in about 22,000 men and women aged 20-59. Twenty per cent of the men had hypercholesterolaemia (total cholesterol greater than or equal to 6.5 mmol/l). Of the hypercholesterolaemic men, 60 per cent did not have a high total/HDL cholesterol ratio. Eighteen per cent of the women were hypercholesterolaemic. Of all hypercholesterolaemic women, 80 per cent did not have a high total/HDL cholesterol ratio. Therefore, it is important that after a first screening on total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol is measured at the second cholesterol determination. Subsequently, a decision about treatment should be made, based on the total/HDL cholesterol ratio and the presence of other risk factors (hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes and a family history of cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:[The importance of HDL-cholesterol level determination in the classification of persons at increased risk of coronary heart disease]. 160 47

The present study concerns with anthropometric and nutritional data collected in the school population of a small rural town in Lazio. We studied 368 school-children of both sexes, belonging to the following age groups: from 7 to 8 years, 9 to 10 years, 11 to 12 years, 13 to 14 years. The technique of evaluation of obesity used in this paper is: weight 20% higher than the height-adjusted figure according to NCHS's curves and triceps skinfold higher than 90 degrees centile according to Tanner's curves. Dietary intake was assessed by a "24 hour-recall" on three consecutive days one of which of holiday. The prevalence of obesity is 17.7%. In all the age groups daily caloric intake is adjusted to that recommended by Italian 1987 Larn. On the other hand the single nutrient's assumption shows important differences from Larn. Particularly in all the age groups daily protein intake is high (14.6%-15.8% of the energy in a day), with an increased animal-vegetable protein ratio (1.5-2.1). Dietary lipids are higher than 35.9% of day's energy (35.9%-39.5%); the polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio is low (0.3-0.5). Cholesterol in the diet (231-347 mg/day) exceeds the level recommended. The daily intake of total carbohydrates (45.3%-48.5%) is low. Crude fiber intake increases with age from 2.8 g to 4.5 g/day. There is no statistical difference between obese and not obese subjects for what concerns energy intake or single nutrient's assumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Nutritional studies in a commune of Lazio. Anthropometric data and food consumption in childhood]. 163 30

Obesity is an important determinant of serum lipids and lipoproteins in adults. Since obesity begins early in life, the impact of obesity of serum lipid and lipoprotein levels was examined in 3311 children and young adults (ages 5 to 26 years) from a totally biracial community. Study subjects were grouped according to race, sex, and age categories (5 to 10 years, 11 to 16 years, 17 to 22 years, and 23 to 26 years), excluding females using oral contraceptives or who were pregnant. Overall, associations increase with age, being most prominently noted in white males. The strong positive relation of ponderosity to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was indicated in the older age groups with correlation coefficients ranging from r = -.09 in the youngest black males to r = .47 in white males aged 17 to 22 years. A negative association was noted between ponderosity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with correlation coefficients ranging from r = .08 in black females aged 17 to 22 years to r = -.39 in the oldest white males. Similar results were seen using subscapular skin-fold thickness as a measure of central obesity. Overweight was defined as exceeding 20% above the National Health Anthropometric and Nutritional Examination Survey II survey 50th percentiles. The prevalence of overweight individuals increased with age, being most prominent in black females. The percent(s) of hypercholesterolemic cases, based on the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria, likewise increased with age. A marked proportion of older white males were classified as borderline high and high for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A regression model using subscapular skinfold to predict serum lipids and lipoproteins within each age group indicated a consistent increase in the adverse nature of the lipid profile. Intervention and education programs aimed at reducing obesity at younger ages are recommended to reduce serum lipid and lipoprotein levels developing in young adulthood.
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PMID:Increasing impact of obesity on serum lipids and lipoproteins in young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. 192 90

Five hundred and ninety-nine overweight patients participated for at least 4 weeks in the weight reducing and physical activity promoting Diet and Fitness Center program at Duke University. Twenty-three percent were diabetic and 49% hypertensive. With only modest weight loss (11.8 kg in males and 8.2 kg in females) abnormal levels of blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides normalized. It was very rewarding to see these results achieved in a very limited period of time. Improvements in the lipid profile were consistent with the predicted outcome of obesity treatment stated by the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines.
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PMID:Reduction of atherogenic risk factors by short-term weight reduction. Evidence of the efficacy of National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines for the obese. 204 77


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