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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pattern of insulin response to oral glucose over a wide range of glucose tolerance has been studied in two separate ethnic groups--Polynesians and Micronesians. Fasting insulin concentrations were relatively unchanged over the entire range of glucose tolerance in both populations, irrespective of whether comparable lean or obese samples of both groups were studied. The patterns of 2-h plasma insulins were similar over the whole range of glucose tolerance in Polynesians and Micronesians. However, in the comparisons of all subjects, or lean or obese groups of these populations, the plasma insulin concentrations of the Micronesians were both consistently and significantly higher. As the data analysis was arranged to take into account groups with identical 2-h plasma glucose concentrations and comparable degrees of obesity, the differences cannot be attributed to differences in the glucose levels or in obesity. In the presence of similar fasting insulin concentrations, these findings imply an ethnic variability in the pancreatic beta-cell response to oral glucose.
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PMID:Ethnic variability in the plasma insulin response to oral glucose in Polynesian and Micronesian subjects. 44 19

Twenty-seven women with varying degrees of obesity were physically trained for 6 mo on an ad lib. diet. Body fat changes were positively correlated with the number of fat cells in adipose tissue. Obese women with fewer fat cells decreased in weight during training whereas women with severe obesity and an increased number of fat cells even gained weight. Blood pressure decreased consistently after training. Blood pressure elevation was not associated with body fat mass, nor was a decrease in blood pressure associated with a decrease in body fat or with pretraining blood pressure level. There were, instead, correlations between decreases in blood pressure on the one hand and initial concentrations and decreases in plasma insulin and triglycerides and blood glucose on the other. These results suggest an association between elevated blood pressure and metabolic variables. The possibility of treating and preventing early essential hypertension with methods that also correct the metabolic derangement, such as diet and exercise, should be given high priority in further research.
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PMID:Effects of long-term physical training on body fat, metabolism, and blood pressure in obesity. 44 4

Restudy of 306 "new immigrant Yemenite" Jews, an ethnic group in which, upon their arrival in Israel, no diabetes was detected, revealed, 25 yr after their immigration, an increased incidence of diabetes and higher plasma and lipoprotein-lipid levels. The prevalence of diabetes (defined as "glucose intolerance") rose to 11.8% (13.2% males and 9.7% females). Obesity in females resulted in increased prevalence of diabetes in all age groups, while in males it affected the older age group only. The male/female diabetic ratio was affected by weight status--in the underweight, diabetes was more prevalent in males, in the overweight, the rate of diabetes in females equaled that of males. In nondiabetics (those with normal glucose tolerance), neither the glucose tolerance nor the insulin response deteriorated with aging. Most diabetics had a delayed insulin response. However, about 50% of nondiabetics and diabetics had insulin response peak at 60 min and similar insulin levels. It appears that in newly discovered adult-onset diabetics in this population there is no shortage of insulin, but rather shortage of insulin action. In nondiabetics, the levels of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were higher than levels upon their arrival. In diabetics, the plasma TG, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels were higher when compared to those of nondiabetics, especially in the group of overweight males. Hyperlipoproteinemia was diagnosed in 27.7% of diabetics and 11.0% of nondiabetics. In diabetics, the HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio was found to be reduced, significantly so in overweight diabetics.
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PMID:Diabetes, blood lipids, lipoproteins, and change of environment: restudy of the "new immigrant Yemenites" in Israel. 44 7

Fifty relatives of 7 families with high prevalence of obesity were investigated and the possibility was shown that there were three forms of familial obesity--normoinsulinemic obesity, hyperinsulinemic obesity and diabetic obesity. In normoinsulinemic obesity, both glucose tolerance and plasma lipids were normal with a few exceptions whereas in hyperinsulinemic obesity, mild glucose intolerance and manifest hyperlipidemia, and in diabetic obesity, blunted insulinogenic index and more advanced glucose intolerance with slight hyperlipidemia existed.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of plasma insulin and triglyceride levels in obesity demonstrated by family study. 45 3

The metabolic and hormonal changes during a standard physical exercise were studied in healthy subjects and in insulin-dependent diabetics well matched for body weight, and therefore submitted to a similar work load in a physiologic range, and in obese subjects that, owing to their weight, faced a significant heavier work in the same environmental conditions. Moderate work load did not lead to significant changes in metabolic and hormonal blood parameters (blood glucose, FFA and glycerol; insulin, glucagon, growth hormone and cortisol) in healthy subjects. A similar substrate homeostatis was seen in insulin-dependent diabetics, that however showed marked hormonal alterations. In these subjects, indeed, higher levels of plasma glucagon and GH were reached during work and in the recovery phase. Obese subjects, submitted to a heavier work load, presented a marked increase in blood glucose and glycerol which agrees with high GH and cortisol levels, and a subsequent increment of IRI which corresponds to a normalization of blood glucose and glycerol. Obese subjects, therefore, show a normal sensitivity to work load. Considerations about the work load in everyday life are discussed.
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PMID:Metabolic and hormonal changes during exercise in healthy, diabetic and obese subjects. 45 17

We have studied the interrelationship of total body fat mass, carbohydrate tolerance and IRI response in 17 non-obese and obese subjects, who were suspected of having early diabetes. We carried out an i.v. glucose infusion test consisting of a priming injection of 0.33 g/kg followed by constant glucose infusion of 12 mg/kg/min in all persons. Total body fat mass was estimated by the tritium dilution method. There was a positive correlation of body fat mass, fasting glucose concentration and blood glucose concentration at 150 min as well as a strong correlation between body fat mass and BG area 60--120 min as parameters of carbohydrate tolerance in all subjects, i.e. the degree of carbohyrate intolerance was directly related to the quantity of total body fat mass. A similar correlation was found when the non-obese and obese groups were analyzed separately. In neither group did total body fat mass correlate with parameters of IRI response. In obese subjects with pathological carbohydrate tolerance, however, a positive correlation of basal IRI concentration and total body fat mass was found. Furthermore, a close relation between basal IRI level and parameters of carbohydrate tolerance could be demonstrated in obese subjects. The present study failed to demonstrate any correlation of parameters of carbohydrate tolerance and glucose-induced IRI response in either group. Thus, the significant relationship between body fat mass and degree of carbohydrate intolerance indicates that body fat mass plays an important role in the disturbance of blood glucose homeostasis in early diabetes with and without obesity.
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PMID:Relationship between body fat mass, carbohydrate tolerance and IRI response during glucose infusion in subjects with early diabetes. 45 21

The authors have estimated a correlation between the total insulin areas after glucose loading and total somatotropin areas during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in 30 patients with obesity, as well as in a selected group of 16 patients with simple (essential) obesity. A significant negative correlation was found in both investigated groups. A new hypothesis assuming hyposecretion of somatotropin in obese subjects as a result of hyperinsulinaemia and subsequent increased somatomedin generation is suggested.
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PMID:Relationship between insulin and somatotropin in obesity. 46 74

Aspects of adipose tissue cellularity were examined in 15 non-diabetic premenopausal African women with simple obesity living in Johannesburg. A smaller group of six non-obese Black women served as controls. Adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy from the deltoid, gluteal, and abdominal regions, and the mean fat cell size for each site was determined. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid levels, and the glucose and insulin responses to a 100 g oral glucose load, in these subjects provided metabolic data for correlative analyses. As expected, the overall mean and regional adipocyte sizes were significantly larger in the overweight subjects. Significant regional variations in fat cell size were also seen, the gluteal region adipocytes being larger than those of other sites in both obese and non-obese women. A significant positive correlation was found between fat cell size and the percentage of ideal body weight. There was no significant relationship between adipocyte size, however, and any of the metabolic variables measured--notably basal or stimulated plasma insulin. Nearly half of the overweight women showed large adipocytes with normal plasma insulin concentrations. A proportion of African women with hypertrophic obesity do not appear to demonstrate any classical metabolic features of insulin resistance; this may be related partly to their high carbohydrate intake and unusual degree of physical activity. Our results do not, however, indicate that hyperinsulinaemia is completely absent in obese Black women.
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PMID:Adipose cell size in obese Africans: evidence against the existence of insulin resistance in some patients. 46 4

In a Pacific island (Polynesian) population exposed to Westernized food-stuffs and sedentary life during adulthood, the fat cell size in the gluteal region in obese men was 71% higher than in age-matched nonobese controls. Rough estimations of body fat from anthropometric measurements suggest that the obesity of these men were mainly due to fat cell enlargement. Increased blood glucose and plasma lipids were associated with the obesity.
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PMID:Adipose tissue cellularity in obese nondiabetic men in an urbanized Pacific island (Polynesian) population. 47 68

Medical records of the Pima Indian population aged 0--24 yr were reviewed for a diagnosis of diabetes before initiation of glucose tolerance testing. None of 1556 subjects below age 15, but 6 of 657 aged 15--24, had a previous diagnosis. Of the six known diabetics, five had been treated with insulin and four had had ketoacidosis. Subsequently, plasma glucose levels were determined after a 75-g oral carbohydrate load in 1712 subjects aged 5--24 yr, which is about 78% of the eligible population. Previously diagnosed diabetes and asymptomatic hyperglycemia were more frequent in subjects 15--24 yr old than were reported in other populations. Glucose intolerance in young Pimas was associated with obesity. In Pima offspring, the presence of diabetes in both parents was related to glucose tolerance in those above but not below the age of 15 yr. Both asymptomatic hyperglycemia and insulin-requiring diabetes occurred frequently in young Pimas, suggesting that these syndromes represent the clinical spectrum of a single disease in the Pima Indian.
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PMID:High prevalence of diabetes in young Pima Indians: evidence of phenotypic variation in a genetically isolated population. 47 85


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