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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteoarthritis is a chronic disabling disease in the elderly, but few studies have examined nutritional parameters of osteoarthritis patients. For 82 ambulatory elderly osteoarthritis patients, a registered dietitian assessed the following: consumption of 72 food items, using a food-frequency questionnaire; weight history, by measuring current weight and asking the weight at age 20, maximum adult weight, and minimum adult weight; dietary habits; and vitamin supplement consumption. Joint pain and activities of daily living (ADL) were assessed by a physician. On the basis of the Four Food Group guidelines, dietary intakes were suboptimal in the dairy and grain groups, which are important sources of calcium, vitamin D, thiamin, iron, and riboflavin. Eighty percent of the sample were obese (BMI greater than or equal to 27). The average weight change since early adulthood was a gain of 59 lb. Current joint pain and ADL restrictions were not related to obesity or weight gain. Vitamin/mineral supplements were consumed by 37% of the sample.
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PMID:Dietary habits, weight history, and vitamin supplement use in elderly osteoarthritis patients. 280 35

Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) is increased in obese as compared with nonobese subjects and declines with weight loss. To determine whether alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system occurs in obesity and whether ensuing secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with a reduction in urinary calcium, a study was performed in 12 obese white individuals, five men and seven women, and 14 nonobese white subjects, eight men and six women, ranging in age from 20 to 35 yr. Body weight averaged 106 +/- 6 kg in the obese and 68 +/- 2 kg in the nonobese subjects (P less than 0.01). Each of them were hospitalized on a metabolic ward and were given a constant daily diet containing 400 mg of calcium and 900 mg of phosphorus. Whereas mean serum calcium, serum ionized calcium, and serum phosphorus were the same in the two groups, mean serum immunoreactive PTH (518 +/- 48 vs. 243 +/- 33 pg/ml, P less than 0.001), mean serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] (37 +/- 2 vs. 29 +/- 2, P less than 0.01), and mean serum Gla protein (33 +/- 2 vs. 24 +/- 2 ng/ml, P less than 0.02) were significantly higher, and mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) (8 +/- 1 vs. 20 +/- 2 ng/ml, P less than 0.001) was significantly lower in the obese than in the nonobese men and women. Mean urinary phosphorus was the same in the two groups, whereas mean urinary calcium (115 +/- 10 vs. 166 +/- 13 mg/d, P less than 0.01) was significantly lower, and mean urinary cyclic AMP (3.18 +/- 0.43 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.25 nM/dl GF, P less than 0.01) and creatinine clearance (216 +/- 13 vs. 173 +/- 6 liter/d, P less than 0.01) were significantly higher in the obese than in the nonobese individuals. There was a significant positive correlation between percentage of ideal body weight and urinary cyclic AMP (r = 0.524, P less than 0.01) and between percentage of ideal body weight and serum immunoreactive PTH (r = 0.717, P less than 0.01) in the two groups. The results provide evidence that alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects is characterized by secondary hyperparathyroidism which is associated with enhanced renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D. The reduction of serum 25-OHD in them is attributed to feedback inhibition of hepatic synthesis of the precursor by the increased serum 1,25(OH)2D.
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PMID:Evidence for alteration of the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. 299 40

The 1970s saw a revolution in the nutritional welfare of the suckling but half way through the 1980s we have yet to achieve the same success with the weanling. In the developing world the malnutrition/diarrhoea complex is a major threat to the weanling's life. Throughout the world rickets and iron deficiency are common problems. These three, protein-energy malnutrition/diarrhoea, rickets and iron deficiency anaemia are the major nutritional problems of the weanling but there are others e.g. zinc deficiency, allergy, obesity. As the weanling crosses the bridge from suckling to schoolchild he will eat the suckling's food, specially prepared weaning foods, and eventually "sensible" family foods. Beneath this bridge we need to erect a safety net of fortified foods ensuring an adequate supply of such nutrients as iron and vitamin D.
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PMID:Food for the weanling: the next priority in infant nutrition. 309 66

Previous studies demonstrated decreases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in obese subjects. Studies were carried out to determine whiter serum vitamin D is low in obesity. The results indicate that serum vitamin D is significantly lower in obese than in nonobese individuals and may contribute to lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in obesity.
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PMID:Low circulating vitamin D in obesity. 314 24

A population-based case-control interview study of thyroid cancer (159 cases and 285 controls) was conducted in Connecticut. Prior radiotherapy to the head or neck was reported by 12% of the cases and 4% of the controls [odds ratio (OR) = 2.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-6.9]. Risk was inversely related to age at irradiation and was highest among children exposed under age 10. Few persons born after 1945 received prior radiotherapy, consistent with the declining use of radiation to treat benign conditions in the 1950's. Among females the radiogenic risk appeared to be potentiated by the number of subsequent live-births. Other significant risk factors included a history of benign thyroid nodules (OR = 33) or goiter (OR = 5.6). Miscarriage and multiparity increased risk but only among women who developed thyroid cancer before age 35 years. Consumption of shellfish (a rich source of iodine) seemed to increase the risk of follicular thyroid cancer, whereas consumption of goitrogen-containing vegetables appeared to reduce risk of total thyroid cancer, possibly because of their cruciferous nature. A significantly low risk was observed among persons of English descent, whereas Italian ancestry appeared to increase risk. No significant associations were found with a number of suspected risk factors: diagnostic x-rays, radioactive isotope scans, occupational radiation exposure, tonsillectomy, Jewish ethnicity, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, oral contraceptives, lactation suppressants, menopausal estrogens, most other common medications, and water source. New associations were suggested for obesity among females (OR = 1.5), surgically treated benign breast disease (OR = 1.6), use of spironolactone (OR = 4.3) or vitamin D supplements (OR = 1.8), and a family history of thyroid cancer (OR = 5.2). About 9% of the incident thyroid cancers could be attributed to prior head and neck irradiation, 4% to goiter, and 17% to thyroid nodular disease, leaving the etiology of most thyroid cancers yet to be explained.
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PMID:A population-based case-control study of thyroid cancer. 347 36

A forearm counter and double-isotope technique were used to measure intestinal calcium absorption in 21 patients after jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity or small intestinal resection. In all but 2 patients calcium absorption was below the normal range for 10 male controls. 3 weeks treatment with 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D, 1 microgram b.d., or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1 microgram b.d., was associated with significant increases in absorption whereas 3 weeks treatment with 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D had no effect. This study demonstrates that oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D are effective in increasing calcium absorption.
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PMID:Intestinal calcium absorption in patients after jejuno-ileal bypass or small intestinal resection and the effect of vitamin D. 348 89

As compared to nonobese white men and women, age-matched nonobese black subjects and obese white individuals show alterations in the vitamin D-endocrine system that are characterized by increases in mean serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], and urinary cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) and by decreases in mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) and in urinary calcium. Thus, both groups show secondary hyperparathyroidism which is associated with increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and increased renal synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2D. In view of these findings, studies were conducted in 10 obese black subjects (3 men and 7 women) and in 12 nonobese black individuals (7 men and 5 women), ranging in age from 20 to 35 yr, to determine whether obesity influences the vitamin D-endocrine system in blacks. Body weight averaged 99 +/- 4 kg in the obese and 73 +/- 3 kg in the nonobese subjects (p less than .001). All of them were hospitalized on a metabolic ward and were given a constant daily diet containing 400 mg of calcium, 900 mg of phosphorus, 110 meq of sodium, 65 meq of potassium, and 18 meq of magnesium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Evidence that obesity does not influence the vitamin D-endocrine system in blacks. 350 35

The nutritional composition of diets and prevalence of obesity in 77 osteoarthritis patients were assessed biweekly for 12 weeks as part of a multidisciplinary approach to the management of osteoarthritis. Height was measured at the first visit, and weight was measured at each of the seven biweekly follow-up visits. A body mass index was calculated, based on height and weight, to determine obesity. Nutrient information was obtained by use of a 24-hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire. Seventy-nine percent of the patients were obese. Obesity was positively related to pain from osteoarthritis and was more prevalent among these osteoarthritis patients than it is among the general geriatric population. Dietary intakes of vitamin D, folacin, vitamin B6, zinc, and pantothenic acid were below 80% of the recommended dietary allowance. Osteoarthritis patients may benefit from weight loss if they are obese and from eating more foods that supply the nutrients in which they are deficient. In addition to providing nutritional recommendations to avoid dietary deficiencies, a registered dietitian can assist in the multidisciplinary treatment of osteoarthritis by providing weight-control counseling and follow-up.
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PMID:Nutrient intake and obesity in a multidisciplinary assessment of osteoarthritis. 382 95

In order to investigate mineral and vitamin D metabolism in obese rats with hyperinsulinemia, plasma calcium and vitamin D metabolites were measured in Zucker fa/fa rats. Body weight, plasma insulin, and calcium in fa/fa rats were significantly increased compared to their lean littermates (p less than 0.01). However, no significant difference in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) or the ratio of 1,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D was observed between fa/fa rats and their lean littermates. The hypercalcemia in the rats with hyperinsulinemia, therefore, might be caused by other calcium-regulating hormones or some factors other than 1,25(OH)2D. In addition, the hyperinsulinemia associated with obesity may not produce the accelerated conversion from 25(OH)D into 1,25(OH)2D.
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PMID:The role of vitamin D metabolites in hypercalcemia of Zucker fa/fa rats. 387 38

Calcium and magnesium balance, 47Ca turnover studies, and measurements of vitamin D metabolites were performed before and after 7-10 months of vitamin D2 treatment (36,000 IU/day) in eight patients bypass-operated 3-6 years earlier for gross obesity. All patients had received a daily supplementation of calcium (27 mmol/day) since operation. Before treatment the net calcium absorption and calcium balance were normal compared with that of nine normal controls. Vitamin D metabolites were within normal limits. The endogenous faecal calcium level was increased and the faecal lag time shortened. Bone biopsies revealed osteomalacia in three of the patients. Vitamin D2 treatment induced an increase in calcium absorption and renal excretion of calcium, a reduced bone resorption rate, a more positive calcium balance, and healing of osteomalacia. Moreover, the vitamin D2 treatment induced a prolongation and normalization of faecal lag time, an increase in magnesium absorption, and a more positive magnesium balance. The effect might be mediated through 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), which increased, whereas serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D) were unchanged. The results indicate that in some bypass-operated patients high-dose vitamin D2 has a beneficial effect on calcium and magnesium metabolism.
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PMID:Treatment with high-dose oral vitamin D2 in patients with jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Effects on calcium and magnesium metabolism, vitamin D metabolites, and faecal lag time. 633 25


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