Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cellular retinol binding protein (C-RBP) levels were measured in 87 malignant and 18 non-malignant breast cancer tissues. C-RBP, sedimenting in the '2S' region on 5-20% sucrose density gradients, was detectable in 70% of malignant tissues examined. None of the non-malignant tissues contained detectable C-RBP. No significant association between tumour steroid receptors status, patients' obesity or menopausal status and C-RBP contents was observed. However, patients with stage IV disease had higher C-RBP levels than patients at stages II and III (P less than 0.0001), which suggested altered intracellular mobilization of retinol in the tumour, probably as an indirect consequence of inadequate nutrient intake.
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PMID:Cellular retinol binding protein and breast carcinoma. 214 32

We have evaluated the effectiveness of a very low caloric content diet (VLCD) during 6 weeks in patients with severe obesity (grades II and III). Twenty-seven men and 61 women were selected for evaluation of anthropometric (weight, body mass index [BMI], waist, hip, C/c, fatty weight and intra-abdominal fatty area) and biochemical (creatinine-height index [CHI], albumin, transferrin, retinol binding protein [RBP], prealbumin, C3, and lymphocytes count) malnutrition parameters, at the beginning and after 6 weeks of treatment with VLCD. In men we found a significant decrease of weight, BMI, waist, hip, fatty weight, and intra-abdominal fatty area. In women the decrease of weight, BMI, hip, and fatty weight was also significant. We found baseline malnutrition in 7.4% of men and in 14.7% of women, and after the treatment in 22.2% of men and in 34.4% of women (p < 0.05). With regard to the biochemical parameters of protein malnutrition, only men showed significant decrease in the CHI and only women showed significant decrease in transferrin, RBP, prealbumin, and C3. In conclusion, we can state that different types of VLCD are effective for weight loss in severe obese subjects. However, within a period of follow-up of 6 weeks we have detected the presence of protein malnutrition, especially in women, being in these patients affected the visceral compartment while in men the muscular compartment is affected.
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PMID:[Malnutrition evaluation in obese patients of both sexes on a very low caloric content diet]. 1527 64

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) has been reported to be associated with visceral-fat accumulation and parameters of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this study, we investigated the relationship between RBP-4, visceral fat, and the MetS during pronounced weight loss after bariatric surgery. Thirty-six subjects were examined before and 2 years after surgery. Abdominal-fat distribution was determined by ultrasound, metabolic parameters, and serum RBP-4 levels by standard methods. After surgery BMI decreased by 9.07 kg/m(2), visceral-fat diameter (VFD) decreased by 60.6%, and RBP-4 serum levels by 16.6%. Change of RBP-4 levels was associated with reductions of waist (r = 0.364, P = 0.037), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.415, P = 0.016), and VFD (r = 0.425, P = 0.010). MetS, as defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF), was present in 19 patients at baseline and in nine patients at follow-up. Change in RBP-4 levels was the best predictor for the diagnosis of MetS at follow-up. In the subgroup without MetS at baseline, the decrease in RBP-4 levels (-28.1% vs. -6.3%, P = 0.020) and reduction in VFD (-66.9% vs. -55.0%, P = 0.038) were significantly greater compared to the subgroup with MetS. We demonstrate a marked decrease of RBP-4 levels after bariatric surgery, which correlates with reduction in visceral-fat mass. Furthermore, the extent of changes in RBP-4 levels differs according to the severity of the MetS.
Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008 Nov
PMID:Retinol-binding protein 4, visceral fat, and the metabolic syndrome: effects of weight loss. 1871 70

Recent studies suggest that the perinatal period is a sensitive part in human development with respect to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in adulthood. Neonates, who are either small or large for gestational age (SGA or LGA) have a greater risk of developing obesity and insulin resistance in later life. The term "perinatal priming" is used to describe this phenomenon. Therefore, in the present study we first aimed to investigate if birth weight influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 metabolism. Umbilical cord blood was obtained form 40 neonates born on term+/-4 weeks and the adipokine concentrations in the serum were measured. In this analysis adiponectin but not RBP-4 levels showed a positive significant correlation to birth weight. Since maternal preconceptional obesity is associated with an increased birth weight and the risk for LGA neonates, we further aimed to investigate, if the maternal nutritional state influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4. Therefore umbilical cord blood levels of the adipokines were correlated to maternal preconceptional BMI. In this analysis, neither adiponectin nor RBP-4 levels showed a significant correlation. Taken together, in the present study for the first time we directly compare fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 levels in respect to birth weight and maternal preconceptional BMI. Our data suggest that (1) adiponectin is more likely to have a role in perinatal priming of obesity and insulin resistance than RBP-4 and (2) that birth weight has a greater impact on fetal adipokine serum levels than maternal preconceptional obesity.
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PMID:Human fetal adiponectin and retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4 levels in relation to birth weight and maternal obesity. 1905 19

The epidemic of obesity and overweight leads to many diseases including cardiovascular disease. Having an influence on function and heart structure, obesity and overweight are in connection with coronary heart disease, heart failure and sudden heart death. Cardiomyopathy in obesity (adipositas cordis) appears due to accumulation of adipose tissue between the heart muscle fibers and degeneration of myocites. The degeneration of myocardial could be due to lipotoxicity of free fatty acids in adipose tissue. The left ventricle hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, increasing blood volume, ejection fraction lead to heart failure. Obesity is low inflammation state with increased adipocitokine production from truncal adipose tissue which causes endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Adipocitokines include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, RBP 4 (retinol binding protein), angiotenzinogen, TNF alpha (tumor necrosis factor), PAI 1 (plazminogen activator inhibitor), fatty acids, sex steroids and different growth factors. Adipocitokines act synergistically or competitively with insulin, that explaining their impact on insulin resistance. Inflammatory citokines from adipose tissue could have influence on blood vessels endothelial function without their increase in plasma concentrations.
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PMID:[Obesity and coronary heart disease: the mechanism of atherogenic impact]. 1970 15

Obese breast cancer patients exhibit a higher risk for larger tumor burden and an increased likelyhood of metastasis. The molecular effects of obesity on carcinogenesis are mediated by the autocrine and paracrine effects of the adipocytokine leptin. Leptin participates in the tumor progression and metastasis of human breast. We show that leptin induces clonogenicity and increases the migration potential of breast cancer cells. We found that survivin expression is induced in response to leptin. In this study, we examine the role and leptin-mediated regulation of survivin. Leptin treatment leads to survivin upregulation, due in part to the activation of Notch1 and the release of a transcriptionally active Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD). Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis shows that NICD gets recruited to the survivin promoter at the CSL (CBF1/RBP-Jk, Su(H), Lag-1) binding site in response to leptin treatment. Inhibition of Notch1 activity inhibits leptin-induced survivin upregulation. Leptin-induced transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in leptin-mediated Notch1 and survivin upregulation, demonstrating a novel upstream role of leptin-EGFR-Notch1 axis. We further show that leptin-induced migration of breast cancer cells requires survivin, as overexpression of survivin further increases, whereas silencing survivin abrogates leptin-induced migration. Using a pharmacological approach to inhibit survivin, we show that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A-reductase inhibitors, such as lovastatin, can effectively inhibit leptin-induced survivin expression and migration. Importantly, leptin increased breast tumor growth in nude mice. These data show a novel role for survivin in leptin-induced migration and put forth pharmacological survivin inhibition as a potential novel therapeutic strategy. This conclusion is supported by in vivo data showing the overexpression of leptin and survivin in epithelial cells of high-grade ductal carcinomas in situ and in high-grade invasive carcinomas.
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PMID:Survivin upregulation, dependent on leptin-EGFR-Notch1 axis, is essential for leptin-induced migration of breast carcinoma cells. 2155 76

We investigated the association between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP(4)) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins. Obese or overweight, hypertriglyceridemic patients underwent the following interventions for 3 months: (1) Diet (n = 20), (2) Diet + fenofibrate (n = 18), (3) Diet + rimonabant (n = 8). Circulating RBP4 decreased during dietary treatment. The percentage change in RBP(4) was positively correlated with the percentage changes in very-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = .570, P = .02), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ([LDL-C]; r = .605, P = .01), ApoB (r = .705, P = .007), and small dense LDL-C ([sdLDL-C]; r = .872, P < .001). The percentage change in RBP4 was the best predictor of the percentage changes in sdLDL-C and ApoB. Rimonabant treatment reduced RBP4, whereas fenofibrate increased RBP4 during the first month of therapy followed by a subsequent decrease. In conclusion, RBP4 may significantly influence the metabolic pathways responsible for changes in ApoB lipoprotein subspecies, thus RBP4 may be associated with cardiovascular disease risk.
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PMID:The changes in plasma retinol-binding protein 4 levels are associated with those of the apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins during dietary and drug treatment. 2160 59

Even though there have been major advances in therapy, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease retain their lead as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the first decade of 21(st) century. To add to the woes, we have diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance as the other causes. The adipose tissue secretes several bioactive mediators that influence inflammation, insulin resistance, diabetes, atherosclerosis and several other pathologic states besides the regulation of body weight. These mediators are mostly proteins and are termed "adipocytokines". Adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and leptin are a few such proteins. Adiponectin is a multimeric protein, acting via its identified receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. It is a potential biomarker for metabolic syndrome and has several antiinflammatory actions. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and ameliorates obesity. Resistin, another protein secreted by the adipose tissue, derived its name due to its involvement in the development of insulin resistance. It plays a role in the pathophysiology of several conditions because of its robust proinflammatory activity mediated through the activation of extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2). In 2007, resistin was reported to have protective effect in ischemia-reperfusion injury and myocyte-apoptosis in the setting of myocardial infarction (MI). RBP-4 is involved in the developmental pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Visfatin has been described as an inflammatory cytokine. Increased expression of visfatin mRNA has been observed in inflammatory conditions like atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. Leptin mainly regulates the food intake and energy homeostasis. Leptin resistance has been associated with development of obesity and insulin resistance. Few drugs (thiazolidinediones, rimonabant, statins, etc.) and some lifestyle modifications have been found to improve the levels of adipocytokines. Their role in therapy has a lot in store to be explored upon.
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PMID:Adipocytokines: The pied pipers. 2180 85

Obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) rats with different responses to development of obesity in spite of the same genetic background are useful animal models for searching for markers during the development of obesity. Here, we investigated whether plasma proteins of OP and OR rats may behave in a different way in males and females. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis using 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF/MS on proteins from OP and OR male and female rats to discover gender-specific rat plasma proteins associated with susceptibility or resistance to diet-induced obesity. A total of 29 proteins showing differential expression between the groups were identified by MALDI-TOF/MS and database searches. These proteins were classified into 4 groups according to their regulation patterns in response to diet and gender. 22 proteins showed significant differences between OP and OR rats in males and/or females (Group I, II, and III) and 7 proteins exhibited only a high fat diet (HFD)-responsive difference in male or female rats (Group IV). In conclusion, the proteins negatively (ITIH3, FGG, TUBB5, and ZAG) or positively (Hp, ITIH4, and RBP) correlated with obesity found in this study could be used for selection of new targets for gender specific-medical treatment of obesity.
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PMID:Profiling of gender-specific rat plasma proteins associated with susceptibility or resistance to diet-induced obesity. 2213 56

Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP(4)) is regarded as a novel cardiometabolic risk factor, which is secreted mainly by the hepatocytes and also by the adipose tissue. RBP(4) has been shown to induce insulin resistance, and plasma RBP(4) values are increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, it has been found that circulating RBP(4) decreases during medical interventions that result in amelioration of the metabolic profile, such as diet, exercise, oral antidiabetic drugs, and hypolipidemic agents. However, only few of the RBP(4)-related studies have investigated whether RBP(4) constitutes a causal factor of the above-mentioned metabolic conditions. Importantly, circulating RBP(4) is influenced by some nonmetabolic conditions, such as renal failure, acute illness, injury, and liver failure. Thus, further studies investigating the metabolic roles of RBP(4) should be carefully planned, taking into account the effects of nonmetabolic conditions on circulating RBP(4).
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PMID:The metabolic role of retinol binding protein 4: an update. 2220 67


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