Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The blood pressure of 3,166 adolescents was measured periodically in Richmond during the period 1974-1977. The subjects were students in public and private schools and ranged in age from 14 to 18 years. Analysis of the readings showed minimal differences relating to age, sex, school and race but a strong correlation with obesity. Only two organic renal causes of hypertension were discovered. A 3 1/2-year followup of 902 students indicated significant tracking, with a correlation coefficient of .385 for systolic and .305 for diastolic pressure. At the conclusion of the study, 340 students (10.7%) were identified as needing followup for hypertension.
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PMID:Adolescent blood pressure in Richmond, Virginia, schools. 44 87

A 3-year-old girl with a history of excessive weight gain from birth presented with obesity, somnolence, and cyanosis, characteristic of the Pickwickian syndrome. Obesity was familial and exogenous without endocrine or neurologic anomaly. Respiratory center sensitivity to carbon dioxide was normal. Excessive somnolence was due to the obesity, which during sleep caused airway obstruction, apnea, and awakening, finally resulting in sleep deprivation. The sleep apneas and the daytime somnolence disappeared with weight reduction, showing that obesity alone had been responsible for the disorder.
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PMID:Sleep apnea in a child with the pickwickian syndrome. 89 58

Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) has recently been shown to be an insulin-regulated enzyme that plays a key role in the induction of insulin resistance in cultured cells. As a first step in understanding the molecular regulation of this enzyme the human form of this enzyme has been cloned and the functional protein has been expressed in Escherichia coli. A 3.1-kilobase cDNA was isolated which contains the complete coding region of 681 amino acids. Expression of the cDNA in E. coli produced a protein of approximately 77 kDa and increased GFAT activity 4.5-fold over endogenous bacterial levels. Recombinant GFAT activity was inhibited 51% by UDP-GlcNAc whereas bacterial GFAT activity was insensitive to inhibition by UDP-GlcNAc. On the basis of these results we conclude that: 1) functional human GFAT protein was expressed, and 2) the cloned human cDNA encodes both the catalytic and regulatory domains of GFAT since the recombinant GFAT was sensitive to UDP-GlcNAc. Overall, the development of cloned GFAT molecular probes should provide new insights into the development of insulin resistance by allowing quantitation of GFAT mRNA levels in pathophysiological states such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity.
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PMID:Molecular cloning, cDNA sequence, and bacterial expression of human glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase. 146 20

The effect of a 9-month nutrition education and walking program on total calorie need, resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of food (TEF), body composition, and activity level was determined in seven women (28-41 years of age) with childhood-onset obesity (CO) and eight women (29-42 years of age) with adult-onset obesity (AO). A 3-week testing period was conducted before and after the 9-month program during which all subjects were fed a controlled, weight-maintaining metabolic diet which was used to determine daily calorie need. Body composition, RMR, and TEF were measured during the second and third weeks of both 3-week testing periods. Body weight decreased significantly for CO (mean -5.7 +/- 9.3 kg) and AO (mean -3.3 +/- 6.2 kg), but fat-free mass (FFM) was unchanged. When comparing pre to post data, mean total calorie need increased by 2.9 percent for CO and 3.1 percent for AO (P greater than 0.05), RMR decreased 3.6 percent for CO and 2.8 percent for AO (P less than 0.05), and TEF increased 11 percent for CO and 50 percent for AO (P less than 0.05). Time spent in light and moderate level activity increased significantly from pre to post. The increase in activity and TEF more than compensated for the slight decrease in RMR (mean -55 kcal/day), contributing to an overall increase in daily energy need (mean = 74 kcal/day) at the end of the program, even for the six women who lost greater than 5 kg body weight.
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PMID:Energy need in childhood and adult-onset obese women before and after a nine-month nutrition education and walking program. 188 59

A 3-year prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the relation of red blood cell Na+/Li+ countertransport rates to the incidence of arterial hypertension. A total of 227 subjects (males and females aged 24-54 years)--a 20% representative sample of organized population--was followed up. The annual incidence of arterial hypertension was 4.3 among males and 2.7 among females. The baseline blood pressures and obesity in males and rates of Na+/Li+ countertransport in females were demonstrated to be factors associated with the incidence of arterial hypertension. The rate of red blood cell Na+/Li+ countertransport can be regarded as an independent biological risk factor for arterial hypertension.
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PMID:[Erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransporter level as a risk factor of hypertension (prospective study data)]. 204 48

Three hundred and twenty-two percutaneous umbilical blood samplings were performed over 4 years in our prenatal diagnostic centre. A 3.5 MHz sector ultrasound transducer was used to guide a 22.5-gauge needle under local anaesthesia. Sampling was performed for rapid fetal karyotyping (within 72 h) in 120 cases, for diagnosis of fetal toxoplasmosis in 133 cases, for determination of the severity of Rh immunization in 15 cases, and for diagnosis of congenital rubella in 4 cases. Pure fetal blood was obtained in 98.7 per cent of the cases after two attempts. The approach to the cord was either transamniotic or transplacental. Puncturing was preferentially done at the placental insertion of the cord (72.2 per cent of the cases) and the mean blood sample volume was 3.5 ml. The rate of fetal death in utero was 1.9 per cent, including two cases of amnionitis, one trisomy 18, and one severe bradycardia. The failures were due to sampling at an early stage of pregnancy (before gestation week 18), to maternal obesity, oligohydramnios, and the inexperience of the operator.
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PMID:Pure fetal blood samples obtained by cordocentesis: technical aspects of 322 cases. 234 27

A 3-year-old boy presented with decreased renal function, hypertension, obesity and developmental delay. Evaluation of his kidneys revealed blunting of the calyces and multiple renal cortical cysts. Ophthalmologic evaluation showed no abnormalities on examination but electroretinography showed reduced retinal function suggesting a diffuse retinal disorder. Based on the clinical presentation with the associated abnormalities, the diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a form of the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome was made. This syndrome should be considered and specific diagnostic efforts should be made in pediatric patients who present with renal failure and obesity.
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PMID:Early diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. 240 Jun 55

Obesity is the visible result of a behavioral disease related to eating and drinking habits. Eating and drinking have to be considered as social activities, which means that an obese child cannot be treated separately but only as a part of his family. With respect to our programme, mother and father (usually one of them has some overweight, too) have to be prepared to join a 1-year therapeutic programme. The familial compliance may be strengthened and even guaranteed by the fact that fellow sufferers can be found in the closest circle. The compliance in question is enforced, moreover, because derision on the part of social environment, which results in isolation, brings obese people together. Generally, overweight children and adults try to overcome such difficulties resorting to pleasurable sensation by additional eating. Thus, a vicious circle is formed and sustained. Our behavioral programme takes 1 year. In the beginning those who are willing to participate are accepted into a 'club'. New members enter discussions and their family eating habits are revealed. As overweight people often eat hastily and alone, the programme starts by teaching them how to eat slowly, how to serve themselves (once per meal only) and that they have to take their meals in company. A 3-week camp organized and managed by a team of responsible therapists takes place in the mountains in July/August. The therapeutic team comprises a physician, a psychotherapist, a school psychologist, a home economics teacher, a gymnastics and swimming teacher, and a social worker.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Intervention study on obese school-aged children. 278 8

A 3-year old girl with 47,XXX/48,XXXX caryotype is presented. She suffers from psychomotor retardation, dolichocephaly, malformed ears, "a false air of trisomy 21", malformation of the legs, obesity. The authors discuss briefly the available data on the triplo and tetra X phenotype and syndromes.
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PMID:47,XXX/48,XXXX in a retarded three year old girl with multiple somatic anomalies. 403 70

A 3-year retrospective review of 110 consecutive Tenckhoff catheter placements was undertaken. Major complications were found in 3.6 per cent of cases and minor complications occurred in 30 per cent. Analysis of cases in which catheters failed revealed that obesity and prior abdominal surgery occurred in 75 per cent of these patients. Attention to these factors and the use of appropriate techniques of placement and, in special situations, the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy have reduced the failure rate of these high-risk situations. Management of infective complications are outlined and should include continued antibiotic dialysis and catheter replacement only if persistent peritonitis or fungal peritonitis occur. With these guidelines, improved peritoneal dialysis can be undertaken with less morbidity to the patient.
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PMID:Tenckhoff catheter placement: surgical aspects. 406 56


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