Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data for a total of 942 new cases of hypopituitarism, out of 3493 patients treated with recombinant human growth hormone (GH) for more than 1 year, have been analysed. The mean peak GH correlated well with clinical variables related to growth and was considered to be a good index of GH secretory capacity. Mean peak GH was correlated inversely with obesity (r = -0.253, p less than 0.01). The lower the height velocity before treatment, the mean peak GH and the height SDS, the greater was the therapeutic effect achieved. The patients with mean peak GH less than or equal to 5 ng/ml were defined as having complete GH deficiency (GHD), and those with a mean peak GH of 5-10 ng/ml as having partial GHD. The clinical entity of GH neurosecretory dysfunction could not be identified from either the clinical variables examined or the therapeutic effect. The appearance of GH antibody was considered to be of no clinical significance because its incidence and titre were both low.
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PMID:Growth hormone secretion and the therapeutic effects of human growth hormone: first Japanese results of the Kabi Pharmacia International Growth Study/International Cooperative Growth Study. 181 54

Pre- and postoperative growth was analyzed in 22 children with craniopharyngioma. In 19 children a growth failure preceded the diagnosis by a mean of 4 years. Six children were obese preoperatively. During the first 3 postoperative months relative weight increased greater than 10% in 14/21 children (there was one surgical death). One year after surgery 13/21 were obese. Neither the size of the tumor nor the mode of surgery was decisive in the development of the obesity. Serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were assessed in four children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) who, after surgery for craniopharyngioma, were growing normally without GH substitution. One of them was normal in weight and had normal insulin and IGF-I levels; the others were obese and had supranormal insulin and subnormal IGF-I levels. One of the four and two other children with unsubstituted GHD reached final height SDS -0.8, -2.0 and -2.4. One child with normal postoperative GH response reached final height SDS -0.7. Final height SDS greater than or equal to -2.5 was gained with GH substitution by 6/11 children. It was greater than 2.0 SD below the height SDS expected from the heights of the parents in 7/11. An adequate monitoring of children's growth would lead to earlier diagnosis and probably better outcome.
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PMID:Children with craniopharyngioma. Early growth failure and rapid postoperative weight gain. 339 13

In order to investigate the relationship between health practices and depressive mood, a survey was made by mail questionnaire on 3,987 industrial workers, which included items on 8 health practices and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS). A total of 3,160 or 79.3% responded to the questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was employed to control the effects of possible confounders, such as demographic, job- and health-related variables. As the results, the following four health practices were found to be significantly related to low depressive score in male cases (N = 2,779): eating breakfast regularly, habitual physical activity, moderate alcohol consumption, and obesity not less than -10%. The following three health practices were found in female cases (N = 381) to be significantly related to low depression score: sleeping regularly 7-8 h per night, habitual physical activity, and non-smoker. It is considered that these health practices might decrease depressive mood, but further analysis is needed to determine their causal relationships because of the cross-sectional design of the present study.
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PMID:[Relationship between health practices and depressive mood among industrial workers]. 361 50

The etiology of the alterations in calcitonin (CT) secretion and plasma calcium of genetically obese (fa/fa) rats is unknown. In this study, we tested the postulate that there is an early occurrence of abnormalities in CT biosynthesis by thyroid glands of these rodents. Male genetically obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats and their lean littermates were therefore studied from 30 days to 10 months of age. Obese animals were characterized by hypercalcemia (delta approximately equal to 1 mg/dl), already present at 30 days of age. Increased thyroidal CT stores began at 6 weeks of age in fatty rats. Plasma CT levels were decreased in obese animals from 30 days to 10 weeks of age and were not different in leans and fatties 2 weeks later, but were higher at 10 months in fatty rats. Poly A + RNA were extracted from thyroid glands and subjected to translation assays. After SDS-PAGE, specific immunoprecipitates were autoradiographed and quantified by integration. A similar translation product with an apparent mol wt of 15,000 was specifically immunoprecipitated with CT antisera in obese (fa/fa) and lean Zucker rats at different ages. In 30-day-old fatty rats, a 50% decrease in translatable CT mRNA was observed in association with decreased plasma CT levels. In 12-week-old fatty rats, the translatable CT mRNA activity was unchanged or higher when compared to lean littermates, and clearly higher in 10-month-old fatty rats. The CT mRNA levels measured by dot-blot or northern blot hybridization paralleled at each stage studied the CT mRNA activity, determined by translation. It was concluded that in basal conditions, plasma CT level variations during development reflect the biosynthetic activity of C cells in genetically obese rats. The data presented in this study strengthen the point of an early occurrence of abnormalities in CT mRNA activity and in plasma calcium of fa/fa rats.
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PMID:Calcitonin mRNA activity in genetically obese rats. 379 Jul 14

The effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IFG-I) on protein synthesis were compared in muscle isolated from lean and goldthioglucose (GTG)-obese mice. Two types of skeletal muscles, the red soleus and the white extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, were studied. In muscles from lean mice, 6.7 nM insulin and 50 nM IGF-I caused a similar maximal stimulation of tyrosine incorporation in total proteins (40% increase). However, the potency of IGF-I was only 5-10% that of insulin both in soleus and in EDL muscles (EC50 approximately equal to 6 nM for IGF-I and 0.5 nM for insulin). Basal rate of protein synthesis was identical in muscles from GTG-obese and lean mice. Similarly, a comparable increase in the rate of protein synthesis was obtained using maximally effective concentrations of insulin and IGF-I in both lean and GTG-obese animals. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of proteins labeled with 35S-methionine confirmed that, in muscles from lean and GTG-obese animals, insulin and IGF-I increased overall protein synthesis in a similar manner. These results suggest that the protein synthesis machinery is not impaired in GTG-induced obesity, which is therefore not associated with resistance to insulin for its effect on protein metabolism.
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PMID:Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I. Effects on protein synthesis in isolated muscles from lean and goldthioglucose-obese mice. 640 79

To investigate if obesity, as judged by increased body mass index (BMI), during childhood is associated with impaired adult stature in patients with 21-hydroxylase-type congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a retrospective analysis was carried out on outpatient records of 30 girls with CAH who had reached adult height. Height SD score for age (HtSDS(ca)), HtSDS for bone age (HtSDS(ba)), BMI and steroid dosage in early childhood (3.2-4.6 years) and later childhood (7.2-9.1 years), were compared with adult HtSDS (HtSDS(adlt)), adult HtSDS less mid-parental HtSDS (HtSDS(adlt)-HtSDS(mp)), predicted adult height SDS (HtSDS(pdct)), adult height SDS less predicted adult HtSDS (HtSDS(adlt)-HtSDS(pdct)) and age at menarche. Mean (SD) for HtSDS(adlt) was -1.13 (1.05), mean HtSDS(pdct) -0.12 (0.9) and mean age at menarche 13.5 (1.9) years. BMI in childhood was not correlated with HtSDS(adlt) but showed negative correlations with HtSDS(adlt)-HtSDS(mp) (r = -0.43; p < 0.02) and HtSDS(adlt)-HtSDS(pdct) (r-0.45; p < 0.02). BMI in later childhood showed negative correlations with HtSDS(adlt)-HtSDS(pdct) (r = -0.61; p < 0.001) and age at menarche (r = -0.63; p < 0.001). We conclude that in girls with early-treated CAH, a high BMI during early childhood is associated with loss of genetic height potential, and in later childhood with over-prediction of adult height and early menarche.
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PMID:Adult height in women with early-treated congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase type): relation to body mass index in earlier childhood. 748 14

The genetically obese Zucker rat is a well-characterized model of early-onset human obesity. The 120 kDa protein was recently found in the liver cytosol of obese Zucker rats at levels higher than that in lean Zucker rats. We isolated this protein using precipitation with ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; the product showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the 120 kDa protein was predominantly localized in the liver cytosol of obese Zucker rats. The amount of this protein in lean Zucker rats was less than one-fifth of that found in obese Zucker rats. Further, there were only trace amounts of this protein in the lung tissues, and no detectable amount in other tissues, such as kidney, epididymal adipose tissue, brain, spleen, skeletal muscle, or serum, in either strain of rat. These data suggest that the 120 kDa protein contributes to the abnormal lipid metabolism in obese Zucker rats.
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PMID:Isolation and localization of the 120 kDa protein in the liver of genetically obese Zucker rats. 818 33

In this study, the differences between the pattern of stained proteins from genetically obese Zucker rats and those from lean Zucker rats were analyzed using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The level of the 120 kDa protein in the liver cytosol fraction of these obese rats was several times higher than that found in the lean rats. This protein was not present in the mitochondrial fractions of either strain. The level of the 120 kDa protein was decreased drastically during a 72-h fast in the obese Zucker rats. An increase in the level of this protein was induced in the lean Zucker rats through a 48-h fast followed by refeeding with a high-carbohydrate diet. However, when the lean Zucker rats were refed with a high-fat diet following the fast, no significant change was observed in the level of the 120 kDa protein. These observations strongly suggest that the elevated levels of the 120 kDa protein seen in the liver cytosol fraction of obese Zucker rats may be responsible for the observed increases in lipogenesis and pathogenesis of obesity in these rats.
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PMID:Increased 120 kDa protein in liver cytosol of genetically obese Zucker rats. 828 15

A 16-year-old Brazilian girl presented with severe growth retardation (-6.3 SDS), obesity, delayed pubertal development, facial dysmorphia, dry skin, and borderline low intelligence (IQ 89). Endocrinological evaluation showed primary hypothyroidism (no uptake of iodine-131 of the right thyroid lobe). Basal and stimulated gonadotropins were increased and ultrasonography revealed hypoplastic ovaries. The karyotype of peripheral lymphocytes was 46,X,i(Xq). The GH response in euthyroid condition after stimulation with GHRH and insulin was diminished. MRI of the pituitary region showed a suprasellar mass (12 x 15 mm) which was removed by transsphenoidal surgery because of extension to the optic chiasm. Histological examinations revealed regular pituitary tissue with hyperplasia of TSH- and FSH-producing cells. Thyroxine treatment was adjusted and GH was given. We conclude that the suprasellar mass was the consequence of long-lasting hypothalamic overstimulation with TRH and LHRH, due to gonadal and thyroid insufficiency.
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PMID:Pituitary hyperplasia in a girl with gonadal dysgenesis and primary hypothyroidism. 905 Sep 52

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is formed by the assembly of LDL particles and a carbohydrate-rich protein, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], which has a high degree of structural homology with plasminogen. While the majority of retrospective studies have found an association between Lp(a) level and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the few prospective studies to date have reported contradictory results. We conducted a nested case-control study using the participants in the Stanford Five-City Project, a long-term CVD prevention trial. Participants with an incident possible or definite myocardial infarction or coronary death were matched to a single control subject for age, sex, ethnicity, residence in a treatment or control city, and time of survey. This process yielded 134 case-control pairs, 90 male and 44 female, for whom plasma was available for analysis of Lp(a). Lp(a) values in nanomoles per liter were determined by an enzyme-linked immunoassay that measures Lp(a) independently of apo(a) size polymorphism. Apo(a) size isoforms were determined by SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis. Median Lp(a) level in male cases was almost double that in control subjects (41.8 versus 21.2 nmol/L; P < .01); in female cases, median Lp(a) was 34% higher than in control subjects (32.5 versus 21.2 nmol/L), but this difference was not statistically significant. Among the male cases, there was an increased frequency of small apo(a) isoforms, while no significant difference was found in apo(a) size between female cases and control subjects. The association between Lp(a) level and case-control status in men was independent of total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol levels, as well as apo(a) size isoform, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, and obesity. In men, the most efficient threshold value of Lp(a) concentration for separating cases and control subjects was 35 nmol/L; the odds ratio for being a case above this level compared with below was 2.84 (95% confidence interval: 1.53-5.27, P < .001). This study provides strong evidence that Lp(a) level is a prospective, independent risk factor for developing coronary artery disease in men and indicates that the size of apo(a) may also play a role. The lack of a significant association in women deserves further evaluation in larger studies.
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PMID:A prospective case-control study of lipoprotein(a) levels and apo(a) size and risk of coronary heart disease in Stanford Five-City Project participants. 908 76


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