Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine whether hyperinsulinemia is associated with menstrual irregularity or hyperandrogenemia among Pima Indians, a population with a high prevalence of hyperinsulinemia, we retrospectively studied 20 hyperinsulinemic (higher insulin [HI ) and 20 relatively nonhyperinsulinemic (lower insulin [LI]) nondiabetic Pima women 18 to 45 years of age. Reproductive histories were obtained by review of medical records. Stored serum samples were used for measurement of total testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels. Fifty percent (nine of 18) of HI women had irregular menses, as compared with none of the LI women (0 of 19, P = .0004). HI women were significantly more obese than LI women. Serum testosterone and androstenedione levels were similar in HI and LI women (median testosterone, 1.13 v 1.13 nmol/L, P = .55; median androstenedione, 3.79 v 3.26 nmol/L, P = .90). Serum DHEAS was lower in HI than in LI women (median, 2.85 v 4.55 mumol/L, P < .01). HI women with irregular menses had significantly higher testosterone levels than HI women with regular menses (median, 1.62 v 0.76, nmol/L, P = .04). Androstenedione and DHEAS levels were not different between these women. In conclusion, the association of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, irregular menstruation, and high testosterone concentration described in the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO) also occurs in Pima Indian women. Moreover, low concentrations of DHEAS are associated with hyperinsulinemia in these women.
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PMID:Hyperinsulinemia is associated with menstrual irregularity and altered serum androgens in Pima Indian women. 802

The study of women with androgen excess as a biologic experiment in nature may improve our understanding of hormonal determinants of cardiovascular risk. These women, who have androgen and estrogen excess, also have altered apolipoprotein metabolism, which correlates with insulin resistance. They often have android obesity, which appears to aggravate their metabolic alterations. Insulin resistance seems to have more of an influence on altered apolipoprotein metabolism than does endogenous ovarian androgen or estrogen, at least in hirsute women who are obese. It is hypothesized that adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate may modify the effects of insulin resistance, as reflected in androgen and apolipoprotein lipid metabolism. These hormonal interactive influences, which require further investigation, may hold clues to why men and women differ in the time of onset of the multifactorial problem of coronary vascular disease.
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PMID:Role of endogenous estrogen in the hirsutism paradigm. 804 Aug 43

Obesity offers protection against osteoporosis in older women. The mechanisms are not well understood, but relate in part to increased aromatization of adrenal androgens to estrone in peripheral fat and muscle tissue. Two hundred and one white and 77 black women previously reported to be free of skeletal disease and to have normal bone mass had measurements of total body bone mineral (TBBM), fat mass (TBFM), and lean mass (TBLM) performed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum estrone, androstenedione, and dihydroepiandrostenedione sulfate were measured on the same day. Body weight, body mass index, TBFM, and TBLM were all significantly higher in the black women. However, proportionately, there were no differences in body composition between the two groups. This suggests that the black women were not more obese despite their greater body mass index, and that future studies on the health impact of obesity in older black women should take this into consideration. Despite the greater TBFM and TBLM in the black women and no difference in serum androstenedione levels, the serum estrone level was not higher in the black women, and the higher bone mass in blacks was not related to serum estrone. In both ethnic groups, TBBM was significantly related to body weight (white, r = 0.80; black, r = 0.85; P < 0.001 for both). Both TBFM and TBLM were significantly related to TBBM in both ethnic groups. Serum estrone was significantly related to all measures of body mass in the white women, but to no measures of body mass in the black women, indicating apparent differences in the metabolism of estrone between older white and black women.
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PMID:Body composition and gonadal steroids in older white and black women. 807 60

We examined the effects of an oral glucose load on plasma insulin, androgens, and beta-endorphin (beta EP) concentrations in patients carefully selected as having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal glucose tolerance. Our aim was to verify whether insulin resistance is a common feature of PCOS and to differentiate the metabolic abnormalities related to PCOS from those associated with obesity. Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), C-peptide (C-PR), testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, ACTH, and beta EP responses to a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated in 10 obese (OB-PCOS) and 10 nonobese (NO-PCOS) patients with PCOS and in 7 obese and 7 nonobese ovulatory controls. OB-PCOS and NO-PCOS did not differ significantly from weight-matched controls in the IRI response, but had a significantly higher C-PR response in terms of mean postglucose load levels and mean incremental areas. During OGTT, mean plasma levels of testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate declined in both PCOS groups as well as in controls, and no significant correlation between the plasma androgen and IRI or C-PR responses was found. The ACTH response in OB-PCOS and NO-PCOS was similar to that in controls, with a progressive decrease until 180 min. A similar decline in plasma beta EP was found in controls, whereas no change in plasma beta EP was observed in OB-PCOS and NO-PCOS. These findings indicate that independently of the presence of obesity, PCOS patients have enhanced insulin secretion in response to OGTT and show a peculiar pattern of changes in plasma beta EP.
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PMID:Insulin, C-peptide, androgens, and beta-endorphin response to oral glucose in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. 810 16

Although many studies indicate that increased androgenicity is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, relatively few data are available on this relationship in men. We examined the association of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4), and estradiol to glucose and insulin concentrations before and during an oral glucose tolerance test in 178 men from the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based study of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Total and free testosterone and DHEA-SO4 were significantly inversely associated with insulin concentrations. Free testosterone and DHEA-SO4 were also significantly inversely correlated with glucose concentrations. SHBG was weakly positively associated with glucose concentrations. Estradiol was not related to glucose or insulin concentrations. After adjustment for age, obesity, and body fat distribution, insulin concentrations remained significantly inversely correlated with free testosterone (r = -.23), total testosterone (r = -.21), and DHEA-SO4 (r = -.21; all P < .01). In conclusion, we observed that increased testosterone and DHEA-SO4 are associated with lower insulin concentrations in men. This is in striking contrast to women, where increased androgenicity is associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.
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PMID:Decreased testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations are associated with increased insulin and glucose concentrations in nondiabetic men. 817 48

The genetically obese Zucker rat is a well-characterized model of early-onset human obesity. The 120 kDa protein was recently found in the liver cytosol of obese Zucker rats at levels higher than that in lean Zucker rats. We isolated this protein using precipitation with ammonium sulfate, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; the product showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the 120 kDa protein was predominantly localized in the liver cytosol of obese Zucker rats. The amount of this protein in lean Zucker rats was less than one-fifth of that found in obese Zucker rats. Further, there were only trace amounts of this protein in the lung tissues, and no detectable amount in other tissues, such as kidney, epididymal adipose tissue, brain, spleen, skeletal muscle, or serum, in either strain of rat. These data suggest that the 120 kDa protein contributes to the abnormal lipid metabolism in obese Zucker rats.
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PMID:Isolation and localization of the 120 kDa protein in the liver of genetically obese Zucker rats. 818 33

Obesity, the most frequent nutritional problem throughout the rich nations, can have a vast and significant influence on different aspects of endocrinology, in particular on ovulation disfunction, on hyperandrogenemia, on hormone-sensitive carcinomas. Our study proposes to value the response to adrenal cortex to stimulation with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) hormone in obese patients, with particular attention to the behavior of adrenocortical androgens and their precursor. We recruited 30 female patients so divided: 12 obese, nonhirsute, eumenorrheic patients (group A); 10 normal weight, hirsute patients in situation of secondary amenorrhea (group B); 8 normal weight, nonhirsute, eumenorrheic patients (group C). Cortisol, progesterone, 17 OH progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, testosterone were measured at 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 min during continual infusion i.v., for 5 h, of ACTH 1-17 at 100 mcg dose, in physiological sodium chloride solution. All the women with monthly menstruation were studied between the IV and VIII day of their cycle. In the patients with secondary amenorrhea the value of basic progesterone was used to completely exclude an eventual luteal phase and the relationship LH/FSH was so as to logically exclude a diagnosis of polycystic ovary. This exclusion was also confirmed from the report of the ultrasonography. The basic concentration of hormone dosage is not significantly different between the patients of the three groups, except for T. This hormone is different because it is found to be significantly (p < 0.01) increase in the hirsute patients, in respect of the patients in group A and group C. Also P and 17OHP have been found to be higher, if only in insignificant measure, in hirsute patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Probable role of obesity on the adrenal response to acute stimulation with adrenocorticotrophic hormone in eumenorrheic and hirsute, non-eumenorrheic women]. 823 17

The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine the relation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to bone mineral density in a community-based sample of 260 men and 162 women who were residents of Rancho Bernardo, California. DHEAS levels had been measured in plasma obtained in 1972-1974 when the men were 50-74 years of age and the women were 55-74. In 1988-1991, bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine and hip using dual x-ray absorptiometry, and at the mid-radius and ultradistal radius using single photon absorptiometry. Among men, there was a significant decrease in DHEAS levels and bone mineral density at the hip, ultradistal radius, and midshaft radius with increasing age. However, for both men and women, there was no significant association of DHEAS levels with bone mineral density at any site, both before and after adjustment for age, obesity, cigarette smoking, and use of antihypertensive medications. These data do not support the hypothesis of DHEAS having a causal role in senile osteoporosis.
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PMID:A prospective study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and bone mineral density in older men and women. 845 24

Proteins from 5- to 7-wk-old lean and obese Zucker rats were separated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and two-dimensional SDS-isoelectric focusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Laser densitometry revealed an obesity-related decrease in the concentration of a 28-kDa cytosolic adipocyte protein, the most abundant protein in adipocytes from lean Zucker rats. Microsequencing revealed the identity of this protein to be carbonic anhydrase III (CA III). The identity and obesity-related decrease was further confirmed using isoform-specific antisera and CA III enzyme activity measurements made by 18O mass spectrometry. Immunoblotting studies also revealed that CA III is present in at least two charge isoforms in adipocytes. Our data indicate that lean Zucker rat adipocytes may represent the richest source of CA III in nature (24% of the cytosolic protein content). An obesity-related decrease in both the concentration and activity of CA III was observed in two lipogenic tissues, liver and white fat, but not in soleus muscle. Adipocyte CA III activity was no longer depressed when hyperinsulinemic obese rats were made insulin deficient by streptozotocin injection. This suggests that the obesity-related decrease in CA III may be related to the hyperinsulinemia as well as to the insulin hyperresponsiveness that adipocytes from obese Zucker rats of this age display.
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PMID:Carbonic anhydrase III in obese Zucker rats. 847 41

To evaluate the effects of obesity on the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis, we compared total and free (FT) testosterone (T), androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate, and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol glucuronide, and estradiol levels in a group of 35 obese [body mass index (BMI), > 30] men (aged 17-61 yr) to levels in a nonobese control group. We observed a highly significant negative correlation (P < 0.001) between plasma (F)T levels and BMI and a significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) between E2 levels and BMI. There were no differences between the obese and the nonobese men in levels of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol glucuronide. Insulin levels were significantly higher in obese men and were significantly (P < 0.02) correlated with the waist hip girth ratio. To evaluate the role of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex in the decreased (F)T levels in obese men, diurnal (0800-2000 h) LH pulsatility was studied in eight obese middle-aged men and eight age-matched controls. The pulsatility of plasma cortisol levels was also studied. Whereas LH pulse frequency was similar in the obese and control subjects, mean diurnal LH levels, mean diurnal LH pulse amplitude, and the sum of all diurnal LH pulse amplitudes and secretory masses were significantly lower in the obese than in the controls. Moreover, there was a highly significant correlation between the sum of LH pulse amplitudes and plasma (F)T levels. This decrease in LH pulse amplitude is not an isolated phenomenon of hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction in obese men, because the pulse amplitude of plasma cortisol levels was also decreased. The decreased LH pulse amplitude together with the normal respond of Leydig cells to hCG stimulation reported in the literature suggest by inference that the decreased FT levels in obese men are the consequence of a hypogonadotropism. The decreased LH pulse amplitude and the decreased amplitude of cortisol pulses, and hence probably of ACTH pulses, point toward a general alteration of hypothalamo-pituitary function in obese men.
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PMID:Attenuated luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse amplitude but normal LH pulse frequency, and its relation to plasma androgens in hypogonadism of obese men. 849 4


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