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 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examines the correlates of a major depressive disorder and its treatment in the general population. The sample was composed of 6694 individuals aged between 18 and 96 years, representative of the general population of the states of California and New York (48 million inhabitants aged 18 years or older). They were interviewed by telephone using the Sleep-EVAL system. The interviews included various sleep and health topics and the assessment of DSM-IV sleep and psychiatric disorders. The 1-month prevalence of a major depressive disorder was 5.2% in the sample, and was higher in women, middle-aged and non-Hispanic white individuals. Obesity (BMI > or =30kg/m(2)), poor health status and smoking were also strongly correlated with a major depressive disorder. A total of 57.7% of depressed subjects were receiving some forms of treatment for depression: 28.3% were taking antidepressants (alone or in combination with psychiatric health care) and 29.4% received psychiatric health care (without antidepressant medication). Severity of depression, ethnicity and weight (overweight or obese) were strongly associated with the presence of treatment. A major depressive disorder is frequent in the general population. Although its identification and treatment have improved over the years, some segments of the population, namely elderly and non-white individuals are less likely to receive appropriate care.
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PMID:Epidemiology of depression and its treatment in the general population. 1711

It is still poorly determined whether the presence of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) would alter cortisol secretion in obese patients. We aimed at investigating levels of salivary cortisol (SC) in patients with and without BED. Forty seven (47) obese women between 30 and 65 years old were sequentially selected to participate in the study. The diagnosis of BED was assessed according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Binge Eating Scale (BES) was used to assess binge severity. A trend toward a negative correlation was observed between SC and body mass index in the whole sample (p=0.06). The presence of BED was not associated with increased levels of SC. In women without BED, SC levels correlated inversely with BMI (p=0.01). On the other hand, in women with BED, SC levels correlated significantly with BES (p=0.01). Although obesity is associated with decreased levels of cortisol, this relationship may be lost in patients with BED. In patients with BED, binge eating severity may be a more relevant regulator of cortisol secretion than obesity itself.
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PMID:Does binge eating disorder alter cortisol secretion in obese women? 1717 52

Emerging evidence suggests that subgroups of obese children, including children with binge eating, suffer from an increased psychopathology. The current study provides an overview of research on binge eating disorder (BED) symptomatology in childhood. Data from a community-based investigation in children aged 8-13 years show that binge episodes co-occurred with eating concerns, weight and shape concerns, depressiveness, and overweight and obesity, but not with psychiatric diagnoses or general behavioral disturbances. Recurrent binge eating was associated with clinically significant eating disorder psychopathology, but a BED diagnosis was present in only a few cases. The DSM-IV criteria and further proposed research criteria for children showed low to moderate associations with binge eating frequency. Psychological characteristics associated with recurrent binge eating in children are in need of further study.
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PMID:[Binge eating and obesity in children]. 1794 4

Obesity, a major problem worldwide, is more prevalent among people with schizophrenia. This study examined the effect of behavior intervention, nutritional information and physical exercise on the body mass index (BMI) and weight of people who were hospitalized with persistent DSM-IV schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. Fifty nine inpatients with a BMI greater than 25 participated, (28 intervention group; 31 control group). Significant reductions in BMI and weight were observed in the intervention group after 3 months and were maintained 1-year post study [F(1,52) = 6.1, p = .017) and F(1,52) = 3.7, P = .006, respectively]. If provided with adequate information and an appropriate framework, people with persistent schizophrenia can significantly reduce BMI and weight and maintain the loss.
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PMID:Multi-modal weight control intervention for people with persistent mental disorders. 1819 46

Inconclusive results of how weight-loss treatment (WLT) results are affected by participants' eating disorders and/or binge eating are partly due to the variation caused by the multitude of assessment instruments used. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a short DSM-IV-based assessment instrument designed to be used specifically in WLT settings, the Eating Disorders in Obesity (EDO) questionnaire. Participants were 97 patients seeking WLT at four surgical and one non-surgical clinics. Participants were assessed by the EDO and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview . The validity and reliability of the EDO was measured as concordance with the EDE, and test-retest agreement of the EDO, respectively. Validity as well as reliability was found to be good for both eating disorders diagnoses and binge eating as a distinct symptom. Results suggest that the EDO is a short, easily administered instrument with good psychometric properties which makes it a suitable, economical method of assessing eating disorders and binge eating in clinical WLT settings.
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PMID:Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorders in Obesity questionnaire: validating against the Eating Disorder Examination interview. 1822 38

The purpose of this study was to characterize the Night Eating Syndrome (NES) and its correlates among non-obese persons with NES, and to compare them to non-obese healthy controls. Nineteen non-obese persons with NES were compared to 22 non-obese controls on seven-day, 24-hour prospective food and sleep diaries, the Eating Disorder Examination and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Diagnoses interviews, and measures of disordered eating attitudes and behavior, mood, sleep, stress, and quality of life. Compared to controls, persons with NES reported significantly different circadian distribution of food intake, greater depressed mood, sleep disturbance, disordered eating and body image concerns, perceived stress, decreased quality of life, and more frequent Axis I comorbidity, specifically anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders. These findings are the first to describe the clinical significance of night eating syndrome among non-obese individuals in comparison to a non-obese control group, and they suggest that NES has negative health implications beyond that associated with obesity.
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PMID:A descriptive study of non-obese persons with night eating syndrome and a weight-matched comparison group. 1854 94

Narcoleptic patients suffer frequently from obesity and type II diabetes. Most patients show a deficit in the energy balance regulating orexinergic system. Nevertheless, it is not known, why narcoleptic patients tend to be obese. We examined 116 narcoleptic patients and 80 controls with the structured interview for anorectic and bulimic eating disorders (SIAB) to test the hypothesis that typical or atypical eating attacks or eating disorders may be more frequent in narcoleptic patients. No difference in the current prevalence of eating disorders bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or anorexia nervosa was found, nor was the frequency of eating attacks higher in the narcolepsy group. We conclude that present eating disorders and eating attacks as defined in DSM IV are not the reason for the observed differences in body composition. Additional factors, such as basal metabolic rates and lifestyle factors need to be considered.
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PMID:Prevalence of eating disorders and eating attacks in narcolepsy. 1872 24

This study was designed to document eating disorder symptoms in a well-defined sample of patients with bipolar disorder and to evaluate the relationship of current loss of control over eating (LOC) to demographic and clinical features hypothesized to characterize bipolar patients at risk for disordered eating. Eighty-one patients enrolled in the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians provided demographic information and completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. The Eating Disorder Examination was administered by independent clinicians to evaluate current and lifetime eating disorder symptomatology. Twenty-one percent of participants met DSM-IV criteria for a lifetime eating disorder, and 44% reported a history of LOC. Patients who endorsed weekly LOC during the past six months (n=18) were heavier, had more atypical depressive symptoms, and were more likely to have a lifetime substance use disorder compared to patients in the rest of the sample (n=63). These findings indicate that eating disorder symptoms are prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder and are associated with obesity and other psychiatric morbidity. Screening for eating disorders in bipolar patients is warranted, as intervention may minimize distress and improve treatment outcome.
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PMID:Prevalence and correlates of eating disorder co-morbidity in patients with bipolar disorder. 1878 43

A thorough understanding of weight related issues is required for the assessment of patients with obesity and eating disorders. Body weight adjusted for height is used for the diagnosis of both anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity. For AN, the DSM IV A criterion refers to 85 % of expected weight as a guideline, for overweight and obesity BMI cut-offs are commonly used. Because the BMI distribution changes during childhood and adolescence, the 85(th) and 95(th) BMI centiles are used in the USA to classify children as at risk of overweight and obesity, respectively. 85 % of expected weight is approximately equivalent to the 10(th) BMI centile.
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PMID:Diagnostic issues in eating disorders and obesity. 1901 54

This study aims to investigate the anamnestic, psychopatological and clinical features of overweight/obese subjects with and without an history of amphetamine derivatives consumption. This survey was conducted on a consecutive series of 451 overweight/obese subjects referring to the Clinics for Obesity of the University of Florence. Subjects with and without previous amphetamines derivatives consumptions were compared in terms of psychopathological and clinical features by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Eating Disorder Examination questionnaire (EDE-Q), the Binge Eating Scale (BES), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Spielberg's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Among the 451 participants, 136 patients (30.1%) reported a previous use of amphetamine derivatives drugs. Amphetamine users reported a high rate of childhood overweight, and showed higher BMI, EDE-Q Total score, Weight Concern, Shape Concern subscales and BES scores than amphetamine non-users, whereas the two groups of patients did not differ in terms of BDI and STAI scores. Amphetamine derivatives are widely used by obese patients seeking weight loss treatment. The amphetamine derivatives consumption is associated with higher levels of eating psychopathology and a more severe overweight.
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PMID:Amphetamine derivatives and obesity. 1910 39


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