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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The majority of obese persons have hyperinsulinemia and disturbances in the secretion of melatonin, catecholamines and pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormones. These hormones play an important role in the regulation of collagen metabolism either by acting directly or by influencing IGF-I production. This study aimed at ascertaining whether, and to what degree, the changes in the concentration of hormones listed above as well as in the concentration of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) affect the metabolism of collagen as evaluated indirectly from the measurement of propeptides of type I (PICP) and type III procollagen (PIIINP) in blood serum and hydroxyproline in urine. The study compared 30 women with extreme obesity before and three to five years after jejunoileostomy with 20 healthy women of reproductive age. All non-operated obese women showed significantly increased concentration of serum insulin, IGF-I, melatonin, norepinephrine, free triiodothyronine, estradiol, total and free testosterone, PICP, PIIINP and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, while the levels of epinephrine, progesterone and SHBG were significantly decreased. Changes in the level of the examined markers of collagen metabolism correlated positively with the concentration of insulin, IGF-I and sex hormones, while the correlation with epinephrine, cortisol and thyroid hormones was negative. All women who were treated previously by jejunoileostomy showed a decreased of body mass to regular values, normalization of hormonal disturbances and normal collagen metabolism. The obtained results show that the increased collagen metabolism observed in extremely obese women is caused indirectly by altered endocrine activity.
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PMID:Assessment of the relationship between collagen metabolism and selected hormonal factors in extremely obese women before and after jejunoileostomy. 1093 49

Hepatic steatosis occasionally progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. This study was designed to examine whether non-obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) were prone to develop hepatic steatosis and whether repeated hypoxemia contributed to the progression of steatohepatitis. This study included 83 OSAHS patients and 41 age-, body mass index (BMI)- and gender-matched non-OSAHS patients diagnosed by polysomnography. Hepatic steatosis was defined by a liver/spleen ratio <0.9 on abdominal computerized tomography, and latent steatohepatitis was evaluated based on serum levels of type III procollagen (P-III-P). Visceral fat (V-fat) accumulated much more in OSAHS patients. Liver/spleen ratios in OSAHS patients correlated negatively with BMI and, especially, with the amount of visceral fat. Serum levels of P-III-P in OSAHS patients correlated negatively with the average of oxygen saturation during sleep, and positively with BMI, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the amount of V-fat. Multiple regression analysis showed that average SaO(2) was the only explanatory variable for P-III-P values, but AHI, BMI and V-fat was not. These observations confirmed that non-obese patients with OSAHS are at a risk for visceral obesity, and suggested that oxygen desaturation during sleep is a risk for developing latent steatohepatitis, especially in patients with substantial hepatic steatosis.
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PMID:Effects of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 1621 91

Liver fibrosis, most commonly caused by hepatitis virus (such as HBV and HCV) infections, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity-induced steatosis, is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins (including collagen) and an increase in connective-tissue (liver fibrogenesis) in the human liver. Today, while the reference standard for detecting and assessing liver fibrosis is needle biopsy of the liver, this invasive procedure can cause physical and emotional distress for patients. On the other hand, medical imaging systems and various blood markers have been developed and become available for routine laboratory practices. These non-invasive procedures, as well as pathological biopsy, have significantly contributed to assessing liver fibrosis. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test is a simple blood test to create an ELF score by combining three markers: hyaluronic acid (HA), amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1). The ELF test is one of the promising techniques for diagnosing patients with liver fibrosis.
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PMID:[Possibility of Using ELF Score as Index for Hepatic Fibrosis Evaluation]. 2652 82

Intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been proposed to restore lung volumes and improve respiratory function in obesity. However, the biological impact of different PEEP levels on the lungs in obesity remains unknown. We aimed to compare the effects of PEEP = 2 cmH2O versus PEEP = 6 cmH2O during ventilation with low tidal volumes on lung function, histology, and biological markers in obese and non-obese rats undergoing open abdominal surgery. Forty-two Wistar rats (21 obese, 21 non-obese) were anesthetized and tracheotomized, and laparotomy was performed with standardized bowel manipulation. Rats were randomly ventilated with protective tidal volume (7 ml/kg) at PEEP = 2 cmH2O or PEEP = 6 cmH2O for 4 h, after which they were euthanized. Lung mechanics and histology, alveolar epithelial cell integrity, and biological markers associated with pulmonary inflammation, alveolar stretch, extracellular matrix, and epithelial and endothelial cell damage were analyzed. In obese rats, PEEP = 6 cmH2O compared with PEEP = 2 cmH2O was associated with less alveolar collapse (p = 0.02). E-cadherin expression was not different between the two PEEP groups. Gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-6 (p = 0.01) and type III procollagen (p = 0.004), as well as protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p = 0.016), were lower at PEEP = 6 cmH2O than at PEEP = 2 cmH2O. In non-obese animals, PEEP = 6 cmH2O compared with PEEP = 2 cmH2O led to increased hyperinflation, reduced e-cadherin (p = 0.04), and increased gene expression of IL-6 (p = 0.004) and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p-0.029), but no changes in fibrogenesis. In conclusion, PEEP = 6 cmH2O reduced lung damage and inflammation in an experimental model of mechanical ventilation for open abdominal surgery, but only in obese animals.
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PMID:Effects of Protective Mechanical Ventilation With Different PEEP Levels on Alveolar Damage and Inflammation in a Model of Open Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Study in Obese Versus Non-obese Rats. 3192 Jul 17