Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By use of noninvasive tests (Doppler segmental pressure study, supraorbital Doppler flow analysis, and segmental plethysmography), coexistent carotid (CTD) or lower extremity peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were diagnosed and correlated with subjective symptoms, coronary risk factors (CRFs), coronary arteriograms (CAGs), cardiac hemodynamics, and infarct size in 121 consecutive patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD). PVD was found in 16.5%, CTD in 33.1%, and both PVD and CTD in 9.9% of the patients studied; 20% of PVD patients and 47.5% of CTD patients were asymptomatic with respect to coexistent PVD or CTD. There were no significant differences between the presence or absence of PVD or CTD as regards number of CRFs, Killip classification, cardiac hemodynamics, or number of stenotic coronary arteries. However, serum creatine kinase (CK) and CKMB release curves in the PVD group showed significantly higher peak CK and peak CKMB values than those in the PVD(-) group (4096 +/- 5408/282 +/- 263 vs 1706 +/- 1715/179 +/- 186, p less than 0.05) because of the higher prevalence (100%) of multivessel disease on CAG. Investigation of the relationship of CRFs to coexistent PVD revealed that the smoking ratio in men (86.7%) and the hypertension ratio in women (80%) were extremely high in PVD patients, and statistically significant differences between PVD(+) patients and PVD(-) groups were found with respect to the obesity ratio (p less than 0.05) in men and the hypercholesterolemia ratio (p less than 0.05) and obesity ratio (60%, p less than 0.05) in women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical features and coronary backgrounds of coexistent peripheral vascular disease in Japanese coronary artery disease patients. 195 77

Coexisted peripheral vascular disease (PVD: ankle/brachial pressure index A/PBI less than 0.75) or carotid artery disease (CTD: Brochenbrough's supraorbital Doppler flow analysis) were diagnosed by non-invasive testings, and correlated with clinical pictures and coronary backgrounds in 121 consecutive patients with confirmed coronary artery disease. PVD were found in 16.5%, CTD in 33.1% and both PVD and CTD in 9.9%. The mean age of PVD(+) patients was significantly higher than that of PVD(-) patients, furthermore CTD(+) patients displayed a significantly larger number of coronary risk factors than CTD(-) patients. Concerning the subjective symptoms, 20% of PVD(+) patients and 45% of CTD(+) patients were asymptomatic regarding PVD or CTD symptoms. However the degree of calcification of the aortic arch on the chest X-film (n = 104) significantly correlated with A/BPI. In patients with AMI, PVD patients showed significantly higher peak CK and CK-MB values than those in PVD(-) patients, which suggested large infarct size in coexistent PVD patients. With respect to the relationship between coronary risk factors, there was a statistically significant difference between PVD(+) patients and PVD(-) patients in terms of the obesity ratio in males as well as hypercholesterolemia ratio and obesity ratio in females. In CTD patients, significant differences between CTD(+) and CTD(-) patients were found with respect to the smoking ratio and obesity ratio in males as well as the smoking ratio in females. In whole study patients, A/BPI with lowered and A.I. (atherogenic index) increased significantly when patients possessed coronary risk factors equal or more than 4 items, which suggested the progression of PVD with increasing number of coronary risk factors.
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PMID:[Clinical picture and background for progression of peripheral arteriosclerosis in Japanese patients with coronary artery disease]. 236 97

A multicenter, double-blind, randomized study was performed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of diltiazem administered to patients with MB creatine kinase-confirmed acute non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Nine centers enrolled a total of 576 patients, with 287 receiving diltiazem and 289 receiving placebo (90 mg every 6 h). Treatment was started 24-72 h after onset of clinical infarction and continued for up to 14 days. The primary endpoint was recurrent myocardial infarction, which was defined as an abnormal reelevation in plasma MB creatine kinase during the 14-day study period. MB creatine kinase samples were obtained every 12 h after randomization and were assayed by a central core laboratory using the glass bead adsorption method. Recurrent myocardial infarction was documented in 27 patients in the placebo group (9.3%) versus 15 patients in the diltiazem group (5.2%)--reflecting a reduction of 51.2% in the cumulative life-table reinfarction rate (p = 0.0297). The significance of this difference for treatment effect remained at a comparable alpha-level after individual adjustments (Cox model) for age, gender, previous infarction, obesity, site of qualifying infarction, Killip Class at entry, and concurrent use of beta-blocking agents. Diltiazem also reduced the incidence of refractory postinfarction angina necessitating study withdrawal, and angina associated with transient ST-T changes by 49.7% (p = 0.0345) and by 28% (p = 0.0057), respectively. Atrioventricular block, bradycardia, hypotension, and sinus pauses were more common in patients receiving diltiazem, but the drug was well tolerated overall despite the fact that 61% of diltiazem patients were also taking beta-blockers. These results indicate that high-dose diltiazem is well tolerated, safe, and effective in the prevention of early reinfarction and severe angina after non-Q-wave infarction.
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PMID:Prevention of reinfarction subsequent to non-Q-wave infarction. 246 75

Diabetes mellitus has been associated with high mortality rates in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To better define prognosis in this population, the clinical course of 183 diabetics with AMI was studied. In-hospital mortality for all patients was 28% (52 of 183 patients). Mortality was significantly higher in patients with prior AMI than in patients without prior AMI (41 vs 18%, p less than 0.01) and was significantly higher in women than in men (37 vs 19%, p less than 0.01). The 2-fold increase in mortality among diabetic women was observed both in patients with and without prior AMI. The excess mortality among diabetic women was attributable to their increased risk for severe congestive heart failure (CHF) and cardiogenic shock. Death due to CHF occurred in 22% of all diabetic women with AMI compared with 6% of the diabetic men (p less than 0.01). Death resulting from complications other than CHF was similar for both sexes. There were no male-female differences in the history of prior AMI, systemic hypertension, obesity, nephropathy, frequency of Q-wave AMI, anterior AMI or peak creatine kinase levels to account for the high risk for CHF in diabetic women. It is therefore concluded that diabetic women with AMI are at increased risk for death due to CHF, and that this risk is not readily attributable to known conditions associated with CHF.
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PMID:Acute myocardial infarction in diabetes mellitus and significance of congestive heart failure as a prognostic factor. 342 Nov 62

A group of 3-5-year-old children (n = 22) with a level of somatic development and physical fitness (modified Step test) that corresponded to a previously measured representative sample was studied. The depot fat proportion was 16.3 +/- 4%, and obesity was absent. Lean body mass (LBM) was 16.1 +/- 1.8 kg. As in previous studies, the fat intake was higher as compared to recommended allowances. The blood cholesterol level was 4.9 +/- 0.8, high density lipoproteins (HDL) 1.2 +/- 0.2, low density lipoproteins (LDL) 3.6 +/- 0.8, triglycerides 0.6 +/- 0.2 mmol/L, and creatine kinase (CK) 42.2 +/- 14.4 U/L. The step test index (STI) was 92 +/- 9, and the cardiac efficiency index (CEI) was 0.575 +/- 0.096. The sex differences were not significant, except for body weight. Marked variability was found in all characteristics measured. There were no significant relationships among somatic development, body composition, food intake, STI, CEI, blood lipids, and CK. The LBM/10 cm height index correlated significantly with CEI, CK, and fat intake.
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PMID:Blood lipids as related to food intake, body composition, and cardiorespiratory efficiency in preschool children. 395 57

A prospective study of 208 consecutive survivors of acute myocardial infarction was undertaken to determine the differences between Q- and non-Q-wave infarction, concerning data from the history, clinical course, and 6-month follow-up. There were 177 patients with Q-wave infarction and 31 patients with non-Q-wave infarction. There were no significant differences for the following variables: age, sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking, positive family history, hypertension, obesity, previous infarction, history of unstable angina, heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Killip class in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU), arrhythmias and conduction defects in the CCU as well as drugs used. Patients with non-Q wave infarction had a higher incidence of stable angina before the myocardial infarction and a lower value of creatine kinase (CK) and serum glutamic oxalacetic transferase (SGOT). During the 6-month follow-up, 9 cardiac deaths and 17 reinfarctions occurred, while 74 patients presented angina. There were no differences between the two groups concerning the incidence of cardiac death or angina, but patients with non-Q-wave infarction had a higher incidence of reinfarction at 6 months (p less than 0.001). We conclude that although patients with non-Q-wave myocardial infarction have a lesser degree of myocardial damage, they have a high incidence of early reinfarction which puts them in a high-risk group.
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PMID:Q- versus non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: clinical characteristics and 6-month prognosis. 671 48

Malignant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy was first described by Miyoshi and co-workers in 1966, and has clinical features similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy but is inherited through an autosomal recessive trait. This paper describes a patient with malignant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with complete deficiency of adhalin (50 kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (DAG)) in skeletal muscle. The patient was an 11-year-old Japanese girl whose parents were cousin. She learned to walk at one year and 3 months of age. Her gait became unsteady at 3 years of age, and motor dysfunction in the lower extremities progressed thereafter. At 8 years of age, she had difficulty in standing up from a sitting position, but could walk without assistance. At 11 years, she could walk with support, but could not stand up without assistance. Her intelligence was normal. Muscle atrophy was not apparent due to obesity, but her calves appeared hypertrophic. She had generalized muscle weakness, predominantly in the pelvic girdle muscle. Muscle tone was slightly hypotonic, and deep tendon reflexes of the legs were absent or hypoactive. Her sensory system appeared normal. Serum creatine kinase level was elevated to 30 times above the upper limit of the normal range in the patient and normal in her parents. EMG showed a mild myopathic pattern. CT scan of muscle revealed marked low density in the upper legs and mild in the lower legs. Muscle histology showed muscle fiber necrosis with a small number of regenerating fibers. Opaque fibers were occasionally observed, but not as many as in Duchenne type. Fiber splitting was seen frequently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Complete deficiency of adhalin (50 kDa DAG) in skeletal muscle of malignant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy]. 778 Dec 37

Patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and established coronary artery disease (CAD) with additional associated risk factors for atherosclerosis are considered for lipid-lowering drug therapy at lower levels of total and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than are patients with isolated hypercholesterolemia. As regards prevention of cardiovascular morbid events, high-risk patients are expected to receive the most benefit from lipid-lowering treatment. Thus, it is of interest to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the new lipid-lowering agent fluvastatin, a new, wholly synthetic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, in patients at high risk. A retrospective analysis was based on data from controlled clinical trials in which 1,815 patients were treated with fluvastatin at a daily dose of > or = 20 mg and 783 patients received placebo. Of the fluvastatin-treated patients, 328 (18.1%) had CAD compared with 136 (17.4%) patients taking placebo. Within these groups, 186 fluvastatin patients and 75 placebo patients had at least one of the following additional risk factors: hypertension, obesity, and/or fasting blood glucose levels above the upper limit of normal (ULN). Patients at high risk, as defined above, were compared with patients without CAD or any risk factors (fluvastatin, n = 837; placebo, n = 375). The effect of 40 mg of fluvastatin on LDL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides tended to be enhanced in patients at high risk (HR) compared with those at low risk (LR). Changes from baseline in HR patients were: LDL-C, -26.6%; HDL-C, 6.4%; triglycerides, -13%. Changes in LR patients were: LDL-C, -24.8%; HDL-C, 4.4%; triglycerides, -6%. All of these changes were highly significant (0.001 < p < 0.01). No patient in the HR group experienced a confirmed (measured on two consecutive occasions) increase > 3 x ULN in aspartate (ASAT) or alanine (ALAT) aminotransferases, nor any notable increases in creatine kinase > 10 x ULN. The tolerability of fluvastatin, as assessed by analysis of adverse events, was not consistently influenced by concomitant high risk. This exploratory analysis of the efficacy and safety profile of fluvastatin in patients at high risk for atherosclerosis suggests that such treatment is efficacious, safe, and well tolerated. The observed tendency toward an improved efficacy in the high-risk group will need further confirmation using data from prospective studies in such patients.
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PMID:Fluvastatin in primary hypercholesterolemia: efficacy and safety in patients at high risk. An analysis of a clinical trial database. 801 71

Sixty-six dogs with hypothyroidism were identified from dogs examined over a 5-year period. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed only if the dog had a low, resting serum thyroxine concentration and serum thyroxine concentration was not higher than the lower limits of the reference range 6 hours after IV administration of bovine thyrotropin. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 0.2%. Neutering was determined to be the most significant gender-associated risk factor for development of hypothyroidism. Neutered male and spayed female dogs had a higher relative risk of developing hypothyroidism than did sexually intact females. Sexually intact females had a lower relative risk. Breeds with a significantly increased risk, compared with other breeds, were the Doberman Pinscher and Golden Retriever. The most common clinical findings were obesity (41%), seborrhea (39%), alopecia (26%), weakness (21%), lethargy (20%), bradycardia (14%), and pyoderma (11%). Low voltage R-waves were found on 58% of ECG. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included hypercholesterolemia (73%), nonregenerative anemia (32%), high serum alkaline phosphatase activity (30%), and high serum creatine kinase activity (18%). Serum total triiodothyronine concentrations were within reference ranges in 15% of the hypothyroid dogs. Response to treatment was good in most dogs, but those with severe concurrent disease or neurologic abnormalities were less likely to respond with complete resolution of clinical signs.
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PMID:Hypothyroidism in dogs: 66 cases (1987-1992). 817 72

To test whether insulin is a regulatory factor of myocardial MB creatine kinase content, we investigated the correlation between the ability of insulin secretion and the MB fraction of cumulative CK released in patients with acute myocardial infarction. We analyzed 18 patients who underwent successful direct angioplasty within 10 hours of the onset of their first myocardial infarction. Exclusion criteria were age more than 75 years, heart failure, severe obesity, multivessel disease, and history of diabetes mellitus. Cumulative activity of serum MB CK divided by that of total CK was defined as MB%, which was considered to represent myocardial MB CK content. Two weeks or more after the onset of myocardial infarction, 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test with serial determination of plasma glucose and serum insulin (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 hours) was done. Urinary and plasma catecholamines and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass were measured. MB% significantly correlated with insulinogenic index (r = 0.564, p = 0.019), insulin area (r = 0.594, p = 0.012), insulin area/glucose area (r = 0.630, p = 0.007), and urinary adrenaline (r = -0.542, p = 0.025) and tended to correlate with plasma adrenaline (r = -0.431, p = 0.084). Age, body mass index, infarct size, glucose metabolism, and LV mass were not significant univariate predictors of MB%. Multivariate analysis showed that the ability of insulin secretion contributed to MB% more than catecholamines did and that insulin area/glucose area was the strongest independent predictor of MB% (t = 3.01, p = 0.015). Thus MB fraction of cumulative CK released, indicative of Myocardial MB CK distribution, strongly related to the ability of insulin secretion in subjects without overt insulin resistance. Regulation by insulin of myocardial MB CK is suggested.
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PMID:MB fraction of cumulative creatine kinase correlates with insulin secretion in patients with acute myocardial infarction: insulin as a possible determinant of myocardial MB creatine kinase. 855 15


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