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 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Authors treated and checked 474 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during 5 years. The occurrence of hypertension was 37.15% of the total number of patients but this rate was 51.37% for women patients. Obesity, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus were the most frequent of the risk factors on the patients with hypertension. Asthma cardiale and acute arrhythmias were slightly more frequent early complications and cardial decompensation was a slightly more frequent late complication. The number of myocardial reinfarctions was the same both in the case of hypertensive and normotensive patients under the circumstances of parallel normalization and keeping the tension and serum cholesterol on the normal level.
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PMID:[Incidence and role of hypertension in the development and recurrence of acute myocardial infarct in a 5-year case load]. 218 98

To contribute more comprehensive information about the characteristics of asthma, this article analyzed patients served by the University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Asthma Program. Their physicians rated one fifth of these patients as having "severe" asthma with the remainder about equally divided between "moderate" and "mild". One in two first received a diagnosis of asthma ten or more years previously. Common comorbidities were hypertension, obesity, rhinitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, and arthritis. One half had visited an emergency room or been hospitalized for asthma in the past year. Inhaled bronchodilators and continuous theophylline were the most commonly prescribed medications. Side effects, especially tachycardia and insomnia, were common and almost exclusively associated with theophylline or corticosteroid therapy. Spirometric assessment showed chronic airflow obstruction in those with more severe asthma. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms, intensity of medication regimen, incidence of side effects, and health care utilization increased as asthma severity increased.
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PMID:Characteristics and correlates of asthma in a university clinic population. 220 37

A key informant based survey was done in 1992 to enlist cases of chronic disorders in a rural area of Haryana. Thirty-nine villages selected purposely from a block were surveyed by a trained field worker. He made contacts with key informants like dais, anganwadi workers, health workers, teachers, village elders, etc, to enlist known cases of chronic disorders. In all 812 cases of chronic disease were encountered in 28844 population (28.2/1000). Prevalence of chronic disorders was more in higher age group. Males outnumbered females in younger age group and vice versa for higher age group. Asthma, poliomyelitis, mental illness/retardation were more prevalent in males while hypertension, obesity were reported more in females. Tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension and asthma were significantly more prevalent in higher age group while poliomyelitis was reported more in children. Consultation rate was high in tuberculosis, asthma, hypertension and diabetes.
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PMID:Estimation of chronic disease load in a rural area of Haryana. 857 91

To assess smoking, obesity, and other risk factors for asthma, the authors examined 17,605 subjects aged 12 years or more who participated in the National Population Health Survey in 1994-1995. Asthma was considered present if an affirmative response was given to the question, "Do you have asthma diagnosed by a health professional?" The authors used analytic weights incorporating a design effect to take the complex survey design into account. The prevalence of asthma was 10.4% for males and 11.2% for females aged 12-24 years. Among the subjects aged 25 years or more, the prevalence varied from 4.1% to 5.8% for men and from 4.9% to 6.4% for women. Female smokers demonstrated a 1.7-fold increase in the prevalence of asthma compared with female nonsmokers, with the smoking effect more pronounced among female children and young adults. In contrast, there was no significant relation between smoking and asthma in males. The prevalence of asthma increased with increasing body mass index in females, but not in males. Immigrant status, history of allergy, and household income were significant predictors for both genders. Low household income was associated with a higher prevalence of asthma in men and women.
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PMID:Increased effects of smoking and obesity on asthma among female Canadians: the National Population Health Survey, 1994-1995. 1043 Feb 29

An association between obesity and asthma has been documented previously, but the nature of this relationship remains unknown. This study aimed to determine if asthma is associated with a sedentary lifestyle which may explain this association. The energy expenditure (EE) on leisure activities was examined in 16,813 subjects, of at least 12 years of age, who participated in the Canadian National Population Health Survey 1994-95. Energy expenditure was calculated by multiplying the duration of leisure-time physical activity by its estimated metabolic energy cost. Asthma was considered to be present if an affirmative response was given to the question, 'Do you have asthma diagnosed by a health professional?' The average EE (+/- standard error) in males was 2.47 (+/- 0.11) kcal kg(-1) day(-1) for asthmatics and 1.98 (+/- 0.03) kcal kg(-1) day(-1) for non-asthmatics. The corresponding average EEs in females were 1.77 (+/- 0.08) and 1.54 (+/- 0.02) kcal kg(-1) day(-1) for asthmatics and non-asthmatics, respectively. The mean EE values decreased with increasing age. A significant interaction between asthma and age was noted with respect to EE; asthmatics tended to have higher mean EE values than non-asthmatics among younger subjects, and lower mean EE values in older subjects. This effect was more pronounced in females than in males. It was concluded that asthmatics were not consistently inactive compared with non-asthmatics. Leisure-time physical activity cannot explain the positive association between obesity and asthma.
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PMID:Leisure-time energy expenditure in asthmatics and non-asthmatics. 1120 11

The purpose of this study was to estimate the national prevalence of childhood asthma and other allergic diseases in Korea, and to determine potential risk factors for the diseases. Stratified random samples of 42,886 were selected from 34 elementary (6-12 yr olds) and 34 middle schools (12-15 yr olds) nationwide, and 38,955 were in the final analysis. The Korean-translated modified version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional survey. Twelve-month prevalences of the symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and flexural eczema were 8.7%, 10.5%, 7.3% in 6-12 yr olds, and 8.2%, 10.0%, 3.9% in 12-15 yr olds, respectively. For allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy, and drug allergy, the prevalences in 6-12 yr olds were 11.2%, 6.5%, and 1.5%, respectively. Asthma and flexural eczema decreased significantly with age. Other significant risk factors were also noted. For 6-12 yr-old asthma, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of body mass index was 1.21 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-1.48, aOR of passive smoking was 1.37 with 95%CI 1.24-1.51, aOR of carpet use was 1.28 with 95%CI 1.10-1.49. For 6-12 yr-old eczema, aOR of affluence was 1.22 with 95%CI 1.07-1.39. The control of obesity and passive smoking would be the most important preventive measures of allergic diseases.
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PMID:Prevalences of symptoms of asthma and other allergic diseases in korean children: a nationwide questionnaire survey. 1130 40

The aim of the study was to investigate which features predict favourable response to omeprazole therapy in asthmatics with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER). The study population consisted of 52 outpatient asthmatics with GER who had completed an intervention where they were randomized to receive omeprazole 40 mg once a day or placebo for 8 weeks. After a 2-week washout period the patients were crossed over. Asthma symptoms were found to be relieved > or = 20% in 18 (35%) patients who were thus regarded as responders. A logistic regression analysis was performed in order to identify which features separate the responders from the non-responders. More responders were found among the patients whose body mass index (BMI) was higher (P = 0.02) or whose distal esophageal reflux was more severe [total time (%) pH < 4 (P = 0.01) or time (%) pH < 4 in upright position (P = 0.04)]. Adding other predictors to the total time (%) pH < 4, which was the most significant predictor for response in multi-variate analysis, did not further increase the prediction for favourable outcome. It is concluded that severe distal oesophageal reflux and obesity predict amelioration in asthma symptoms after 8-week omeprazole treatment in asthmatics with GER. Adding more than one predictor does not seem to further increase prediction for favourable asthma response.
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PMID:Asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux: can the response to anti-reflux therapy be predicted? 1139 80

To determine if obesity is more prevalent in adolescents with asthma compared with nonasthmatic adolescents and to determine if obesity is associated with more severe asthma, we studied 265 adolescent asthmatics 12-21 years of age and 482 nonasthmatic adolescents. The prevalence of obesity in the asthmatic group was 20% compared to 17% in the control group. The prevalence of being at risk of overweight was similar for asthmatics (16%) and controls (15%). The prevalence of obesity in moderate to severe asthmatics (21%) was not different from prevalence of obesity in mild asthmatics (19%) or controls (17%). In this study of primarily African-American urban adolescents, obesity was not associated with asthma or more severe asthma.
J Asthma 2001 Sep
PMID:Asthma and obesity in adolescents: is there an association? 1164 18

The prevalence of asthma has increased over the past two decades; if this trend persists over the next two decades, the number of individuals with asthma in the United States will double by 2020, affecting 29 million Americans. Many of these individuals will be adults. Recent community-based participatory research in Harlem has focused on children with asthma, but little is known about the prevalence and burden of asthma among adults. We conducted a population-based probability sample of Central Harlem adults 18-65 years of age from 1992 to 1994. Asthma was one of three ambulatory care-sensitive conditions surveyed. We used an additional set of questions regarding asthma management and burden for those respondents who reported they had asthma. The prevalence of self-reported asthma was 14% in this population-based sample of Central Harlem adults. Respondents with asthma reported remarkably high rates of emergency department (ED) visits for asthma, but women were more likely than men to report two or more ED visits in the year prior to interview (38% vs. 18%). Women with asthma were also more likely than men with asthma to report activity restrictions because of asthma (61% vs. 26%). The burden of asthma among adults in Central Harlem is considerable. We urgently need comprehensive health approaches to address the high prevalence of health risks related to multiple chronic diseases, notably smoking and obesity. Key priorities are to determine which community education, prevention, and promotion programs are most effective and will best serve Harlem adults.
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PMID:Overlooked and underserved in Harlem: a population-based survey of adults with asthma. 1192 31

Asthma has emerged as a major public health problem in the United States over the past 20 years. Currently, nearly 15 million Americans have asthma, including almost 5 million children. The number of asthma cases has more than doubled since 1980. Approximately 5,500 persons die from asthma each year, and rates have increased over the past 20 years. Rates of death, hospitalization, and emergency department visits are 2-3 times higher among African Americans than among white Americans. The costs of asthma have also increased to 12.7 billion dollars in 1998. Both lifestyle and environmental hypotheses have been invoked to explain the increase in asthma prevalence. Several studies have examined the relationship of obesity and asthma and found associations suggesting that obesity predisposes to the development of asthma. Some studies have found that day care attendance and having older siblings protect against the development of asthma. This observation has led investigators to hypothesize that increased exposure to microbial agents might protect against asthma (the hygiene hypothesis). Environmental exposures found to predispose to asthma include house dust mite allergen and environmental tobacco smoke. Although current knowledge does not permit definitive conclusions about the causes of asthma onset, better adherence to current recommendations for medical therapy and environmental management of asthma would reduce the burden of this disease.
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PMID:Asthma in the United States: burden and current theories. 1219 86


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