Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper describes the effect of various steroids on the anlage of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens. The steroids were administered by dipping embryonated eggs on the third day of incubation in ethanolic solutions of these steroids. The results with about 30 different steroids show that the capacity to inhibit the development of the bursa does not correlate with the endocrine properties of these steroids as measured in routine screening tests for androgenic, anabolic, progestational and oestrogenic activities or with the relative binding affinities for various endocrine receptors. More elaborate studies with several representative steroids show that testosterone (10 mg/ml), nandrolone (10 mg/ml), 11 alpha-hydroxynandrolone (10 mg/ml), ethylestrenol (1 mg/ml), lynestrenol (1 mg/ml), and Org OD14 [tibolone] (0.1 mg/ml) induce also histomorphological changes in the remaining bursa tissue still present in 10 day- and 53-day old chickens and in the bursa-dependent sites of their spleens (53-day old chickens only). Testosterone and lynestrenol induced smaller changes than nandrolone or ethylestrenol. Tibolone and 11 alpha-hydroxynandrolone were more effective than nandrolone. All drugs, except testosterone and lynestrenol, imparied antibody formation to Newcastle Disease Virus and decreased the serum levels of total IgG, but not of total IgM. Also these effects were not correlated with endocrine properties. In other studies (for references, see text) we found that several of these steroids, notably tibolone, favourably influence the course of spontaneous autoimmune diseases of NZB/W mice and Obese Strain chickens. Since this autoimmunosuppression is likely to be caused by inhibitory effects on bursa or bursa equivalent, we may use this approach for developing medically useful autoimmunosuppressive steroids with minimal endocrine effects.
 ...
PMID:Effects of steroids with different endocrine profiles on the development, morphology and function of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens. 379 45

The health of many women is affected in the climacteric period, either by symptoms that deteriorate their life quality (QL) or by chronic diseases that affect their life expectancy. Therefore, it is mandatory to evaluate these two aspects, having as core objectives for any eventual therapeutic intervention, the improvement of QL and the reduction of cardiovascular risk and fractures. To evaluate QL it is mandatory to follow structured interviews that weigh systematically climacteric symptoms such as the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). The paradigm of the metabolic syndrome constitutes a suitable frame to evaluate cardiovascular risk. Age, a low body weight, a history of fractures and steroid use are risk factors for fractures. A proper evaluation will allow the detection of patients with a low QL or a high risk for chronic disease, therefore identifying those women who require therapy. The clinical management should include recommendations to improve lifestyles, increase physical activity, avoidance of smoking and to follow a low calorie diet rich in vegetables and fruits. Hormonal therapy is the most efficient treatment to improve the QL and its risk is minimized when it is used in low doses or by the transdermal route. Tibolone is an alternative, especially useful in patients with mood disorders and sexual dysfunction. Vaginal estrogens are also a good option, when urogenital symptoms are the main complaint. Some antidepressants can be an effective therapy in patients with vasomotor symptoms who are not willing or cannot use estrogens. The effectiveness of any alternative therapy for menopausal symptoms has not been demonstrated. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance should be managed according to guidelines. Calcium and vitamin D have positive effects on bone density and certain tendency to reduce vertebral fractures. Bisphosphonates decrease the risk of vertebral fractures.
 ...
PMID:[Official position of the Chilean Society of Climacteric on the management of climacteric women]. 2066 22

Obesity has been associated with increased chronic neuroinflammation and augmented risk of neurodegeneration. This is worsened during the normal aging process when the levels of endogenous gonadal hormones are reduced. In this study, we have assessed the protective actions of tibolone, a synthetic steroid with estrogenic actions, on T98G human astrocytic cells exposed to palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid used to mimic obesity in vitro. Tibolone improved cell survival, and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential in palmitic acid-treated astrocytic cells. Although we did not find significant actions of tibolone on free radical production, it modulated astrocytic morphology after treatment with palmitic acid. These data suggest that tibolone protects astrocytic cells by preserving both mitochondrial functionality and morphological complexity.
 ...
PMID:Tibolone Preserves Mitochondrial Functionality and Cell Morphology in Astrocytic Cells Treated with Palmitic Acid. 2866 87