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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During aging there is a tendency towards hyperlipidemia and changes in the distribution of lipoproteins. A decline in the functioning of the body's antioxidant defense system is also observed at this time. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between serum concentrations of total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, and Vitamins C and E. 61 adults over 60 years of age were evaluated from January to March, 2006. Nutritional status was diagnosed by BMI (WHO); serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and fractions (HDL-c and LDL-c) were determined by enzyme method; Vitamin C (colorimetric method) and Vitamin E by HPLC. ATPIII values were used as a reference for risk of TG, TC, HDL, LDL-c, vitamin C: > 0.9 mg/dL (normal), < 0.9 mg/dL (deficit); vitamin E: = 1300 microg/dL (normal), 1300 = microg /dL (deficit). Consumption of vitamins C and E were estimated by the direct weighing method 3 days per week. According to BMI, 19.7% had nutritional deficit, 39.3% overweight, and 11.5% obesity. TG, TC, LDL-c levels were at risk in females, and HDL-c in both genders. Prevalence of risk for heart disease was: TG (45.2%), HDL-c (51.1%), and LDL-c (52.5%). Consumption and serum levels of vitamin E were low in both genders. There was no association between variables. A significant and positive correlation between TG, TC, LDL-C, serum vitamin E, and BMI was observed. The female group showed overweight, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, HDL-c and LDL-c at risk, and vitamin E deficiency, all of which are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease in this age group.
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PMID:[Relationship between serum lipids and status of vitamin C and E as antioxidants in Venezuelan elderly people]. 1936 97

The present study investigated the effect of 14 days diet, enriched in butter, vitamin E (vit. E) and green tea, on the major regulators of energy expenditure. Leptin is the product OB gene. This 16 KDa protein is produced by mature adipocytes and is secreted in plasma. Its plasma levels are strongly correlated with adipose mass in rodents as well as in humans. Leptin inhibit food intake, reduces body weight and stimulates energy expenditure. In order to evaluate the effect of diet enriched in butter, vit. E and green tea on body weight, adipose tissue weight and organs weight, serum lipids, lipoproteins content and serum leptin levels in male albino rats supplemented for 14 days on the previous diet. This study showed that high fat diet significantly increased body weight and adipose tissue weight, while vit. E and green tea enriched diet significantly lowered body weight and adipose tissue weight, kidney and spleen weights didn't show significant changes in all the experimental groups. While liver weight decreased in diet supplemented with high fat diet. Also, the results showed that high fat diet and vit. E supplemented diet induced significant increase in total cholesterol, LDLc., triglyceride level with significant decrease in HDLc. level as compared to normal control rats. Finally green tea supplemented diet induced significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDLc., triglyceride level with insignificant increase in HDLc. level in control rats. On the other hand, high fat supplemented diet significantly increased serum leptin levels in rats compared to control group, while vit. E and green tea enriched diet significantly lowered serum leptin levels at the end of experimental period. In conclusion, improving the biological activity of leptin by diet modification may exist as a practical strategy for the treatment of obesity and related disorders and a diet rich in green tea to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) obesity and also protect the liver against free radicals.
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PMID:Difference in leptin hormone response to nutritional status in normal adult male albino rats. 1957 31

Absence of meal-induced insulin sensitization (AMIS) results in a predictable progression of dysfunctions, including postprandial hyperglycemia, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, resultant hyperlipidemia, increased oxidative stress, and obesity, progressing to syndrome X and diabetes. To test the 'AMIS syndrome' hypothesis we used 3 known means of producing graded and progressive changes in meal-induced insulin sensitization in rats. We used an aging model (9, 26, and 52 weeks), associated with a slow development of AMIS; a low-dose sucrose supplement model to accelerate the development of AMIS; and an antioxidant cocktail (S-adenosylmethionine, vitamin E, and vitamin C) to protect against the effect of the sucrose on meal-induced insulin sensitization. Adiposity was assessed from weighed regional fat masses and bioelectrical impedance. AMIS developed with age, was increased by sucrose supplementation, and was inhibited by the antioxidant cocktail. AMIS correlated with postprandial hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, and with adiposity (r2 = 0.7-0.8) regardless of age or nutrient status. The range of degrees of AMIS, established over time with these models, afforded the tool with which to test the AMIS syndrome and further the argument that AMIS is the first metabolic defect that cumulatively leads to a predictable series of homeostatic disturbances and dysfunctions, including obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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PMID:Obesity, syndrome X, and diabetes: the role of HISS-dependent insulin resistance altered by sucrose, an antioxidant cocktail, and age. 2005 13

The assessment of children's nutritional intakes is important because any nutritional inadequacies or toxicities may have adverse consequences. Studies on the nutritional intakes of Korean children are limited. The aims of this study were to determine anthropometric indices, estimate selected nutrient intakes of young Korean children, and compare these intakes with current Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. This study included 136 healthy children (65 boys, 71 girls), 2-6 y old, living in Kwangju, Korea. Weights and heights were measured. Three consecutive 24-h food recalls were obtained. According to International Obesity TaskForce BMI cutoffs, 8% were overweight and 2% were obese. The energy intakes of 40% were < Korean Estimated Energy Requirements, while all subjects consumed >/= Korean Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for protein. The majority of the children consumed > Korean EAR for iron, zinc, vitamin B(1), vitamin B(2), vitamin B(6), and niacin. Vitamin E intakes of 65% of the Korean children were < Korean Adequate Intake, and approximately half of the subjects had < Korean EAR for calcium and for folate. Many young children in Kwangju, Korea, likely have inadequate status of calcium, folate, and vitamin E.
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PMID:Anthropometric indices and selected nutrient intakes of young children in Kwangju, Korea. 2012 4

Relatively small lifestyle modifications related to weight reduction, physical activity and diet have been shown to decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes. Connected with diet, low consumption of meat has been suggested as a protective factor of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the consumption of total meat or the specific types of meats and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention cohort included middle-aged male smokers. Up to 12 years of follow-up, 1098 incident cases of diabetes were diagnosed from 24 845 participants through the nationwide register. Food consumption was assessed by a validated FFQ. In the age- and intervention group-adjusted model, high total meat consumption was a risk factor of type 2 diabetes (relative risk (RR) 1.50, 95 % CI 1.23, 1.82, highest v. lowest quintile). The result was similar after adjustment for environmental factors and foods related to diabetes and meat consumption. The RR of type 2 diabetes was 1.37 for processed meat (95 % CI 1.11, 1.71) in the multivariate model. The results were explained more by intakes of Na than by intakes of SFA, protein, cholesterol, haeme Fe, Mg and nitrate, and were not modified by obesity. No association was found between red meat, poultry and the risk of type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, reduction of the consumption of processed meat may help prevent the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes. It seems like Na of processed meat may explain the association.
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PMID:High processed meat consumption is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention study. 2018 85

Absence of meal-induced insulin sensitization (AMIS) results in a predictable progression of dysfunctions, including postprandial hyperglycemia, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, resultant hyperlipidemia, increased oxidative stress, and obesity, progressing to syndrome X and diabetes. To one year of age, rats show a slow development of AMIS, but this can be potentiated by addition of a low-dose sucrose supplement to the diet. Provision of a synergistic antioxidant cocktail consisting of S-adenosylmethionine, vitamin E, and vitamin C (Samec) attenuates the rate and extent of development of AMIS in both normal aging animals and in aging animals on the sucrose diet. Adiposity, assessed from weighed regional fat masses and from bioelectrical impedance to estimate whole-body adiposity, correlated strongly with AMIS (r2 = 0.7-0.8). Rats given the sucrose supplement had accelerated AMIS and developed fasting hyperinsulinemia and postprandial hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and adiposity. Samec completely compensated for the negative impact of this sucrose supplement and attenuated development of the associated dysfunctions. AMIS is explained by the HISS (hepatic insulin-sensitizing substance) hypothesis, which is outlined in the paper.
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PMID:Attenuation of age- and sucrose-induced insulin resistance and syndrome X by a synergistic antioxidant cocktail: the AMIS syndrome and HISS hypothesis. 2039 96

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the antioxidant vitamin E (VE) on adiponectin and leptin expression in obese rats. Thirty weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as follows: (1) a control group, fed with normal chow; (2) a diet-induced obesity group (DIO), fed with a high-fat diet and (3) an intervention group, fed with a high-fat diet supplemented with VE (350 mg/kg). After 10 weeks of being fed according to these group assignments, rats were weighed and euthanized. Blood and adipose tissues were then immediately collected; mRNA and protein levels of leptin and adiponectin were measured by realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including serum levels of 8-epi-prostaglandin-F(2)alpha (8-epi-PGF(2)alpha) and glutathione peroxidase activity, were also examined. Adiponectin and leptin levels were lower in the DIO group than in the control group. VE intervention increased the expression of both leptin and adiponectin (P values < 0.05). Association analysis showed that serum leptin levels correlated positively with body fat mass (r = 0.601, P < 0.05). Both serum leptin and adiponectin levels were associated with the presence of serum 8-epi-PGF2 alpha (leptin, r = 0.513, P < 0.05; adiponectin, r = -0.422, P < 0.05). Administration of VE decreases leptin and adiponectin expression in obese rats. This finding is consistent with the view that antioxidants can play an important role in the treatment of obesity-related diseases.
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PMID:Vitamin E regulates adipocytokine expression in a rat model of dietary-induced obesity. 2040 18

Parents of children with autism often report gastrointestinal problems as well as picky eating and selective eating in their children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and the nutrient intake in 111 Chinese children with autism, aged between 2 and 9 years. Anthropometric data were expressed as Z scores. A 3-day dietary recall was provided by the parents, and the data were compared with the national Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) standards for Chinese children. The results showed that only nine of the autistic children (8.1%) were acute or chronically malnourished. From the remaining 102 patients, 67 (60.4%) were eutrophic and 35 (31.5%) had either overweight or obesity. Intakes of both calories and proteins were adequate in the vast majority of these children, but the calories from fat was lower than DRI in the same age group. The average intake of vitamin E and niacin exceeded 100% of DRI, and the intakes of vitamin B1 and B2, magnesium, and iron were between 80% and 90% of DRI range. However, the following nutrients did not meet the DRI requirements at all: vitamins A, B6 and C, folic acid, calcium, and zinc. Although growth was satisfactory in the vast majority of these children with autistic disorder, this study revealed serious deficiencies in the intakes of several vitamins and essential nutrients.
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PMID:A preliminary study on nutritional status and intake in Chinese children with autism. 2042 15

Molecular mechanisms, responsible for the impaired insulin-sensitivity state due to the obesity are not fully understood in both humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of castration-induced visceral obesity and the influence of two antioxidants on constituents of blood lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in New Zealand white rabbits. Twenty-six clinically healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were used in the experiment and were divided into 3 groups: first group (CI, n=7) - castrated-obese and treated with antioxidants "Immunoprotect" for 2months; second group (CO, n=7) - castrated-obese; third group (NC, n=12) - control group (non-castrated, non-obese). At the end of the follow-up period of 2months after castration an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed after a 12-h fasting period as the blood samples for determination of glucose and insulin and their kinetic parameters were obtained at 5 and 0min before and at 5, 10, 30, 60 and 120min after the infusion of the glucose. The constituents of lipid profile, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were also assessed in the overnight fasting blood samples. The body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), amount of the visceral fat (VF) and VF/BW ratio were both measured and calculated before the IVGTT and at the end of the experimental period. All measured markers of obesity (BW, BMI, VF, VF/BW) were significantly higher in both groups of castrated rabbits than in the control group. Apart HDL-C, the plasma concentrations of all constituents of lipid profile (TG, TC, HDL-C) were the highest in CO group. There were generally no differences between CI and NC groups for the same traits. After glucose injection blood glucose concentrations and glucose and insulin kinetic parameters were considerably higher (except of glucose elimination rate) in CO rabbits than in NC ones. Castrated rabbits treated with "Immunoprotect" showed lower fasting plasma insulin and improved glucose kinetics dynamics than CO rabbits, but commensurable values of glucose and insulin kinetics parameters than NC group. The results of the current study clearly indicated that castration-induced visceral obesity affected negatively the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity and/or responsiveness. Treatment with antioxidant supplementation, consisted of d-limonene and vitamin E, improved blood lipid profile, fatty liver, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in obese rabbits. In addition, based on our results we may suggest that castrated male New Zealand white rabbits might be considered as an appropriate animal model to study various metabolic abnormalities related to visceral obesity, such as dyslipidemia and impaired insulin sensitivity.
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PMID:Effects of castration-induced visceral obesity and antioxidant treatment on lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in New Zealand white rabbits. 2054 6

Our objective in this study was to determine whether a mitochondria-targeted vitamin E derivative (MitoVit E) would decrease oxidative stress and associated obesity by preventing a previously proposed aconitase inhibition cascade. Sixty-four mice were fed a high-fat (HF) diet for 5 wk. They were then switched to either a low-fat (LF) or a medium-fat (MF) diet and gavaged with MitoVit E (40 mg MitoVit E x kg body weight(-1)) or drug vehicle (10% ethanol in 0.9% NaCl solution) every other day for 5 wk. Epididymal fat weight, as well as liver lipid and remaining carcass lipid, were significantly lower in the MF group receiving MitoVit E (MF-E) than in the MF group receiving vehicle only (MF-C). Liver mitochondrial H(2)O(2) production and the protein carbonyl level were also significantly lower in MF-E than in MF-C mice. In contrast, none of the biochemical variables (aconitase activity, ATP and H(2)O(2) production, and protein carbonyl level) in the muscle mitochondria were modified by MitoVit E in either MF or LF groups. Expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase in both liver and adipose tissue of MF groups was not affected by MitoVit E. However, expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a in the liver and uncoupling protein 2 in adipose tissue were significantly enhanced by MitoVit E in both LF and MF groups. In conclusion, MitoVit E attenuates hepatic oxidative stress and inhibits fat deposition in mice but not through alleviation of the aconitase inhibition cascade.
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PMID:A mitochondria-targeted vitamin E derivative decreases hepatic oxidative stress and inhibits fat deposition in mice. 2055 5


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