Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of Liposem, a polyherbal formulation, as an antioxidant and hypolipidaemic drug was evaluated in diet induced hyperlipidaemia in rats. The methanolic extract of Liposem was found to scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide free radicals, the IC50 required being 70.5 and 45.0 microg respectively. The lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate induced by Fe2+ ascorbate system was also found inhibited (50%) by 273.5 microg of the extract. The hypolipidaemic effect was assessed by serum lipid profile in dietary hyperlipidaemic rats and found to have decreased dose dependently in all the four different concentrations of administration (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body wt). Liposem significantly raised high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the HDL/low density lipoprotein + very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL+LDL) ratio. The atherogenic index and the reduction in body weight were significant, indicating the effectiveness against hyperlipidaemia and obesity. These results reveal the therapeutic potential of Liposem against the vascular intimal damage and diet induced hyperlipidaemia leading to the various types of cardio vascular diseases.
 ...
PMID:Antioxidant and hypolipidaemic activity of a herbal formulation--liposem. 1259 19

Both jurisdictions of Ireland have high rates of chronic degenerative diseases, particularly of the cardiovascular system, and Irish migrants have worse health profiles, often lasting at least two generations. The influence of socio-demographic variation over the life course, and what role diet plays, has not been well researched in epidemiological terms. There is a long history of an unusual Irish diet. Estimated dietary fat intake (% total energy intake) in 1863 was only 9, but had reached 30 in 1948 and 34 in 1999. Conversely, carbohydrate intake has fallen steadily over 150 years. From 1948 onwards household budget survey data illustrate patterns of increasing urbanisation and socio-economic gradients in food availability. The National Survey of Lifestyles, Attitudes and Nutrition, (n 6539, 62.2% response rate) provides clear evidence of inverse social-class gradients in intake of fruit and vegetables and dairy products and in reported patterns of healthy eating. Median carbohydrate and vitamin C levels are higher among social classes 1-2 and mean saturated fat intake is lower. International comparisons indicate a continuing, if narrowing, north-south gradient across Europe. Data from the Boston-Ireland study suggest a crossover in both dietary intake patterns and risk of heart disease in Ireland and the USA in the 1970s. Contemporary comparative data of middle-aged Irish and American women demonstrate patterns of diet intake and inactivity consistent with the modern epidemic of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Thus, dietary variations within and between countries and over time are consistent with chronic disease patterns in contemporary Ireland.
 ...
PMID:Effect of social variation on the Irish diet. 1269 Nov 82

The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationships among different intensities of leisure-time physical activity (PA) and cancer-protective dietary components, cancer-related biological (general and central obesity) and lifestyle factors (heavy smoking and excessive alcohol consumption). The present population-based cross-sectional study (765 men and 812 women from the general population of Gerona, Spain) included measurement of anthropometrical data, dietary intake, and alcohol and cigarette consumption and furthermore detailed evaluation of total leisure-time physical activity, including measurement of different intensities. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for several confounders was used to analyse the relationships among variables. A composite variable composed of dietary fibre, vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and folate was directly associated with higher levels of leisure-time PA in both genders, after further adjusting for energy intake [odds ratio (OR) of low versus second tertile of total leisure-time PA was 1.98 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-3.23) for men and OR of low versus top tertile of total leisure-time PA was 1.75 (95% CI 1.07-2.84) for women]. Low to moderate- but not high-intensity leisure-time PA was directly related to higher intakes of these nutrients. Heavy smoking was inversely associated with higher levels of total leisure-time PA in men. With the exception of central obesity in women, there was no significant relationship between the cancer-related biological and lifestyle factors, and low to moderate-intensity leisure-time PA in both genders. In contrast, central obesity (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.16-0.63) and heavy smoking (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.96) were significantly related to high-intensity but not to total or low to moderate-intensity leisure-time PA in men and women, respectively. The observed relationships between leisure-time PA and several of the studied cancer-associated variables might partially account for the protective effect of physical activity against cancer observed in the literature. However, different intensities of leisure-time PA were distinctly associated with the mentioned cancer-related dietary, biological and lifestyle factors. Most importantly, although some of these variables were not associated with total leisure-time PA a significant relationship was observed for intensities of leisure-time PA. This should be considered when analysing the relationship between leisure-time PA and cancer.
 ...
PMID:The relationship of physical activity with dietary cancer-protective nutrients and cancer-related biological and lifestyle factors. 1288 89

The purpose of the study was a more thorough assessment of the nutrition state of patients admitted to hospitals in Poland. The study was carried out in four hospitals at teaching centre level, in four hospitals at province level, and in four county hospitals. The patients for the study were selected randomly from 3310 adult patients (every 10th patient admitted to these hospitals). For the study 210 patients (122 women and 88 men) were qualified. Their mean age was 54 +/- 16 years (range 15-82 years). The patients were subjected to various biochemical tests including determination of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, E and C), vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin, and homocysteine and blood lipids. Vitamin deficiency accepted as vitamin malnutrition was found in the case of vitamin C in 51.8% of the patients, folic acid in 32%, vitamin E in 10%, vitamin B12 in 6.8%, vitamin A in 1.4%. Vitamin deficiency was equally frequent in patients with malnutrition, overweight or with obesity. Lipid profile disturbances were found in 51% and high homocysteine level in 63% of the studied patients.
 ...
PMID:[Nutritional status of patients in hospitals in Poland. More thorough assessment of nutritional status of adult patients]. 1464 80

America is experiencing a major obesity epidemic. The ramifications of this epidemic are immense since obesity is associated with chronic metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and heart disease. Reduced physical activity and/or increased energy intakes are important factors in this epidemic. Additionally, a genetic susceptibility to obesity is associated with gene polymorphisms affecting biochemical pathways that regulate fat oxidation, energy expenditure, or energy intake. However, these pathways are also impacted by specific foods and nutrients. Vitamin C status is inversely related to body mass. Individuals with adequate vitamin C status oxidize 30% more fat during a moderate exercise bout than individuals with low vitamin C status; thus, vitamin C depleted individuals may be more resistant to fat mass loss. Food choices can impact post-meal satiety and hunger. High-protein foods promote postprandial thermogenesis and greater satiety as compared to high-carbohydrate, low-fat foods; thus, diet regimens high in protein foods may improve diet compliance and diet effectiveness. Vinegar and peanut ingestion can reduce the glycemic effect of a meal, a phenomenon that has been related to satiety and reduced food consumption. Thus, the effectiveness of regular exercise and a prudent diet for weight loss may be enhanced by attention to specific diet details.
 ...
PMID:Strategies for healthy weight loss: from vitamin C to the glycemic response. 1703 Oct 14

The role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders is under debate. We investigated the redox metabolism in a non-diabetic obesity model, i.e. 11-week-old obese Zucker rats. Antioxidant enzyme activities, lipophilic antioxidant (alpha-tocopherol, coenzymes Q) and hydrophilic antioxidant (glutathione, vitamin C) contents and their redox state (% oxidized form), were studied in inguinal white fat and compared with blood and liver. The adipose tissues of obese animals showed a specific higher content of hydrophilic molecules in a lower redox state than those of lean animals, which were associated with lower lipophilic molecule content and lipid peroxidation. Conversely and as expected, glutathione content decreased and its redox state increased in adipose tissues of rats subjected to lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic oxidative stress. In these in vivo models, oxidative stress and obesity thus had opposite effects on adipose tissue redox state. Moreover, the increase in glutathione content and the decrease of its redox state by antioxidant treatment promoted in vitro the accumulation of triglycerides in preadipocytes. Taken together and contrary to the emergent view, our results suggest that obesity is associated with an intracellular reduced redox state that promotes on its own the development of a deleterious proadipogenic process.
 ...
PMID:Adipose tissue proadipogenic redox changes in obesity. 1637 39

Bacterial and viral products, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cause inducible (i) NO synthase (NOS) synthesis, which in turn produces massive amounts of nitric oxide (NO). NO, by inactivating enzymes and leading to cell death, is toxic not only to invading viruses and bacteria, but also to host cells. Injection of LPS induces interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1alpha, and iNOS synthesis in the anterior pituitary and pineal glands, meninges, and choroid plexus, regions outside the blood-brain barrier. Thereafter, this induction occurs in the hypothalamic regions (such as the temperature-regulating centers), paraventricular nucleus (releasing and inhibiting hormone neurons), and the arcuate nucleus (a region containing these neurons and axons bound for the median eminence). Aging of the anterior pituitary and pineal with resultant decreased secretion of pituitary hormones and the pineal hormone melatonin, respectively, may be caused by NO. The induction of iNOS in the temperature-regulating centers by infections may cause the decreased febrile response in the aged by loss of thermosensitive neurons. NO may play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and parkinsonism. LPS similarly activates cytokine and iNOS production in the cardiovascular system leading to coronary heart disease. Fat is a major source of NO stimulated by leptin. As fat stores increase, leptin and NO release increases in parallel in a circadian rhythm with maxima at night. NO could be responsible for increased coronary heart disease as obesity supervenes. Antioxidants, such as melatonin, vitamin C, and vitamin E, probably play important roles in reducing or eliminating the oxidant damage produced by NO.
 ...
PMID:The nitric oxide theory of aging revisited. 1639 88

The aim of this study was to examine the association of obesity with esophageal adenocarcinoma, and with the precursor lesions Barrett esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This case-control study included cases with GERD (n = 142), Barrett esophagus (n = 130), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 57). Controls comprised 102 asymptomatic individuals. Using logistic regression methods, we compared obesity rates between cases and controls adjusting for differences in age, gender, and lifestyle risk factors. Relative to normal weight, obese individuals were at increased risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma (Odds Ratio [OR] 4.67, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.27-17.9). Diets high in vitamin C were associated with a lower risk for GERD (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.87), Barrett esophagus (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.20-0.98), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.77). For the more established risk factors, we confirmed that smoking was a significant risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma, and that increased liquor consumption was associated with GERD and Barrett esophagus. In light of the current obesity epidemic, esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence rates are expected to continue to increase. Successful promotion of healthy body weight and diets high in vitamin C may substantially reduce the incidence of this disease.
 ...
PMID:Obesity and lifestyle risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. 1698 26

Gallstone disease is common: >700,000 cholecystectomies and costs of approximately 6.5 billion dollars annually in the U.S. The burden of disease is epidemic in American Indians (60-70%); a corresponding decrease occurs in Hispanics of mixed Indian origin. Ten to fifteen per cent of white adults in developed countries harbour gallstones. Frequency is further reduced in Black Americans, East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, cholesterol gallstones predominate; 15% are black pigment. East Asians develop brown pigment stones in bile ducts, associated with biliary infection or parasites, or in intrahepatic ducts (hepatolithiasis). Certain risk factors for gallstones are immutable: female gender, increasing age and ethnicity/family (genetic traits). Others are modifiable: obesity, the metabolic syndrome, rapid weight loss, certain diseases (cirrhosis, Crohn's disease) and gallbladder stasis (from spinal cord injury or drugs like somatostatin). The only established dietary risk is a high caloric intake. Protective factors include diets containing fibre, vegetable protein, nuts, calcium, vitamin C, coffee and alcohol, plus physical activity.
 ...
PMID:Gallstone disease: Epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease. 1712 83

Obesity is considered as an inflammatory disease, in which free radical-induced oxidative stress and excessive intake of macronutrients exacerbate their symptoms. In this context, we assessed in rats the possible preventive effect of the supplementation with an antioxidant molecule, ascorbic acid, in order to reduce the adiposity induced by the intake of a high-fat diet. For this purpose, during 56 days, three groups of male Wistar rats were fed on: a) standard pelleted diet, b) Cafeteria diet, c) ascorbate-supplemented (750 mg/kg of body weight) Cafeteria diet. At the end of the experimental period, microarray analysis was used to identify genes transcriptionally induced or repressed by both experimental dietary models (Cafeteria diet supplemented or not with ascorbic acid) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Dietary ascorbic acid was able to protect against high fat diet effects, reducing the increase of body weight, total body fat and enlargement of different adipose depots induced by the Cafeteria diet without affecting food intake. An association analysis accurately and differentially allowed the detection of gene expression changes related with adiposity and insulin resistance. The genes that more strongly correlated with body fat and HOMA insulin resistance index were involved in adipocyte differentiation, lipid and glucocorticoid metabolism, cell cycle regulation, as well as in several insulin-induced processes. Some other transcripts are regulated by the vitamin C-mediated reduction of adiposity, such as genes that participate in glucocorticoid metabolism, adipogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, or tricarboxylic acid cycle. This strategy was able to link variations in adipose tissue gene expression with markers of diet-induced obesity in rats, such as insulin resistance and body fat content.
 ...
PMID:Diferential gene expression and adiposity reduction induced by ascorbic acid supplementation in a cafeteria model of obesity. 1721 61


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>