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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and twenty-one regular soldiers between the ages of 18 and 34 years, who had lived and worked under identical conditions for the two previous years were examined. All subjects with respiratory symptoms of wheeze, dyspnoea, persistent cough or sputum were excluded. Smoking, per se, was not a reason for exclusion. Eighty-three "respiratorily fit" men, comprising 47 Maoris and 36 Europeans, were studied to see whether height, weight or obesity could account for the ethnic differences in lung function. The forced vital capacity in the Maoris was found to be about 9% lower than in the Europeans. The one-second forced expiratory volume of the Maoris was about 8% lower than in the Europeans. No significant difference could be found in the peak expiratory flow rates between the two ethnic groups. The only significant physical difference found between the two ethnic groups was that the Maoris were heavier for their height than the Europeans. Statistical tests showed that neither weight nor an obesity index accounted for the ethnic differences in lung function. Full laboratory investigation of these ethnic differences is recommended.
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PMID:Observations on Maori-European lung function differences. 105 12

Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as uncontrolled urine leakage through an urethra. At present, the following types of UI can be specified: stress incontinence (SI), urge incontinence (UI), mixed incontinence (MI), overflow incontinence (OI) in which the bladder becomes too full because it cannot be fully emptied, and functional incontinence (FI). Incontinence is one of the most common chronic diseases in women and is found in 17-60% of the whole population. In most patients, SI is combined with pelvic organ prolapse. The basic risk factors mentioned as contributing to these two conditions are obstetrical past and gynaecological history and atrophic changes in the urogenital area. There are also a number of diseases related to the increase in intra-abdominal pressure, such as obesity chronic constipation and diseases associated with persistent cough. Other factors leading to pelvic organ prolapse include hard physical work, some professional sports, connective tissue disorders, neuropathy and disturbed innervation of the pelvic floor. To deal with stress incontinence (SI), conservative and surgical treatment is employed. In the first degree intensity, it is mainly physiotherapy, electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor muscles, lifestyle modification and reduction of body mass. When the SI symptoms are more severe, surgical treatment is usually preferred. From among many methods, these presently used are Burch and sling operations. On the other hand, surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse involves colpoperineoplasty with the use of polypropylene mesh (Prolift), colporrhaphy by double TOT approach method, median colporrhaphy, Cooper's ligament or sacrospinous ligament colpopexy, and attachment of the uterus to the sacrum. The results of surgical treatment depend on co-occurrence of risk factors, the surgical method chosen, the lapse of time from the surgery and the type of the applied biomedical material.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and treatment for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women]. 1883 20