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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Limited weight loss following jejunoileal bypass in 24 diabetic persons who were still distinctly overweight five to ten months after a mean weight decrease of 78 lbs. was accompanied by a return of normal fasting glucose and insulin levels, normal insulin responses, and a decrease in glucose intolerance. The glucose disappearance rate had improved in the majority of the subjects, but only three had attained values in the normal range. Concomitants of the undue hyperglycemia and/or obesity included labile and, rarely, sustained hypertension and/or cardiomegaly. The blood pressure returned to normal but heart size did not change. Electrocardiographic abnormalities noted in about one-half of the patients persisted after the operation. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased. No patients had diabetic retinopathy visible on funduscopy. Proteinuria did not change in three patients. Neuropathy consisting of absent ankle reflexes and/or decreased vibration perception noted in one-half of the subjects persisted despite the improvement in carbohydrate metabolism.
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PMID:Remissions of diabetes mellitus after weight reduction by jejunoileal bypass. 72 40

Bicycle and treadmill exercise tests including oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) determination were carried out on a total of thirty patients with obesity, seventeen of whom were reinvestigated after weight loss. During both types of work VO2 for a given load was higher when compared to healthy controls. The increase of VO2 was more marked when cycling was performed in sitting position than in supine. The mechanical efficiency of sitting bicycle exercise averaged 17.8% and was negatively related to the percentage overweight; the slope of the VO2/load regression line was slightly less in comparison to the controls, while no such difference was found during treadmill walking. After weight reduction the VO2/load regression line was skifted downwards, the slopes being unchanged, thus the mechanical efficiency improved. This study not only confirms the observation of a low mechanical efficiency of obese subjects but also demonstrates that the change is quantitatively related to the overweight. The lowered efficiency was caused by body mechanical factors and there was no support for an abnormal muscular efficiency. Exercise tests should be combined with VO2 determination, if used to assess the circulatory capacity of obese subjects.
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PMID:Exercise energy expenditure in extreme obesity: influence of ergometry type and weight loss. 74 Dec 4

During a 25 year period in a university hospital gynecology service, 300 obese women, weighing 200 pounds or more, underwent abdominal total hysterectomy. In comparison with nonobese controls, the overweight patients were more likely to have carcinoma of the endometrium, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Postoperatively, the most striking difference between the obese and nonobese groups was in the incidence of wound complications, with no significant difference in the occurrence of other disorders. The incidence of wound complications was 29 per cent with obesity, seven times that in patients of normal weight, and all types of wound disorders, except evisceration, occurred more frequently in obese patients. Among identifiable factors potentially responsible for wound infection were an increased incidence of diabetes, longer operating time and greater blood loss in overweight patients. The increased incidence of wound infection was responsible for greater febrile morbidity and the more frequent need for prolonged hospitalization. The mortality rate was 1 per cent in the obese group and zero per cent in the control group, a statistically insignificant difference. Since abdominal hysterectomy in obese women is associated with increased risk of morbidity, although not necessarily of mortality, obesity per se should rarely, if ever, contraindicate necessary surgical therapy. In situations in which surgical treatment is more elective, its complications should be borne in mind.
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PMID:Abdominal hysterectomy in obese women. 76 2

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in our societies and it increases at a regular rate. This phenomenon ("the overweight society") reaches a sociological level. Individual solutions to weight problems are time-consuming; moreover their efficience--as demonstrated by statistical studies, is rather poor. In contrast, group approach to weight problems offer theoretical advantages. Group therapy of obesity is based upon one of the following methods: classical nutritional approach, psychoanalytical group therapy, behavioral groups, free associations of obese people. Unfortunately comparison of these different methods, in regard to sucess and failures, as well as comparison to individual therapy is somewhat difficult from a methodological and theoretical point of view. However, global results of group therapy fail to prove some decisive advantages upon individual therapy. Exception to these discouraging results concerns those groups which were carefully selected so that they were strongly homogeneous in respect to several parameters selection of these parameters offers a promising way to new researchs. Obesity should not be looked upon like a disease or an homogeneous entity, but rather like a sympton. Some new theoretical concepts could be applied to group therapy of obesity and facilitate the scientific approach of this problem.
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PMID:[Modification of pathogenic dietary behavior. Group technics]. 80 Jul 12

Pathologically increased apetite is the most tormenting symptom of overweight conditions and therefore, along with dietetic treatment which plays an essential role, it is most expedient to resort to anorectic drugs also. Recently, the Sanorex preparation (Mazindol, Teronak, AN 448 degrees--imidazo-isoindole derivative having a tricyclic structure) is ever more extensively used. The action of the drug is studied in a series of 32 obesity individuals under sanatorial conditions and normocaloric diet, over a period of twenty seven days. The new preparation Sanorex which causes aversion to food, given in small doses, accounts for prompt and reliable control of the apetite--9590 kg reduction, 0,362 kg mean daily weight loss (p less than 0,05), and equal intensity of weight loss in either of the sexes (p less than 0,01). Side effects such as dryness in the mouth, very strong and moderate thurst, insomnia, superficial sleep, headache, elevated excitability, tachycardia, general feebleness are transitory, subside within two weeks, and are tolerated comparatively well by the patients included in the series. Sanorex administration may be recommended provided due consideration is given to the usual limitations implied by the continuous use of new drugs.
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PMID:[Treatment of obesity with the anoretic Sanorex]. 80 32

We have responded to the challenge of surgery in the overweight patient by promoting it to an area of special interest. These individuals should not be deprived of good medical care although their obesity makes the physician's task more arduous and increases the risk of a poor result. With the use of intensive preoperative preparation, including prophylactic antibiotics and heparinization, a modified operative technique, and an active recovery regimen, a more sanguine view toward the surgical care of obese women can be taken.
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PMID:Pelvic celiotomy in the obese patient. 83 32

In 158 obese children, aged from three months to 15 years, blood glucose, immunoreactive insulin, and free fatty acid levels were measured during a standard oral glucose tolerance test carried out prior to treatment. The results were analyzed for the total sample as well as for three age groups: 0-5 years, 6-10 years, and 11-15 years and compared with those of 70 normal-weight children matched for age and sex. Glucose tolerance is normal in the obese children. It is different from the controls only two hours after glucose loading, when a slight but significant elevation is found. The glucose levels at one and two hours are significantly higher in the obese children of group III than in the younger ones. Fasting F.F.A. levels are similar in normal and obese children, but the F.F.A. decrease following glucose absorption is significantly diminished in the obese. The F.F.A. levels of the youngest obese are significantly higher than those of the older ones. A constant and important hyperinsulinism, fasting and postabsorptive, is demonstrated in obese children of all ages, even before five years and at the beginning of obesity. Age- and sex-related differences in insulin secretion are much more marked in the obese than in normal children. The degree of hyperinsulinemia is related to the degree of obesity, but not to its duration. The results suggest that hyperinsulinism is associated with obesity from its onset rather than being a long-term consequence of overweight. However, the origin of hyperinsulinism in obesity and the mechanism of insulin resistance still remain obscure.
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PMID:Blood glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid levels during oral glucose tolerance tests in 158 obese children. 83 67

Sixty subjects, averaging 26 per cent overweight, were classified according to age at onset in order to test the external-cue hypothesis of obesity and to investigate the possibility of different "types" of obesity. Subjects were presented with Hershey's kisses wrapped in either transparent (visible) or non-transparent (non-visible) wrappers while performing a sham test; the number of chocolates consumed was the dependent measure. Subjects were placed in four groups: Early onset-food visible (EV), early onset-food non-visible (ENV), late onset-food visible (LV), or late onset-food non-visible (LNV). The first two groups consumed about the same number of chocolates, but the early-onset subjects ate almost twice as many kisses as the late-onset participants. The evidence was inconclusive concerning the external-cue hypothesis, although there was some suggestion that there may be "types" of obesity. The findings are discussed in terms of the need to acknowledge factors other than weight alone in studying and treating obesity.
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PMID:External-cue responsivity as a function of age at onset of obesity. 83 37

The MMPI was administered to 209 obese women and 72 obese men before onset of a weight reduction regime. Obese subjects differ in a variety of MMPI-standard-scales from the standard population as well as from a control group of healthy women: 1. Scales Hypochondriasis (Hs) and Hysteria (Hy) have significant higher values for the obese. This somatic impairment grows in the group of obese women with increasing age and obesity. In men, scale Hs corresponds to the degree of overweight but the youngest male age group (up to 19 years) has a Hs-peak as well as men above 35 years of age. 2. Higher than normal values for obese men and women in scales Depression (D) and Psychasthenia (Pt) in the obese point towards emotional upset. 3. Obesity does not decrease Hypomania (Ma) values for men or women; to the contrary: obese men felt more active than the standard population. With growing age women had a decrease in Ma-values.
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PMID:[Psychological problems in obesity (author's transl)]. 84 Jan 40

The influenced of obesity in vaginal hysterectomy was examined by comparing the characteristics and outcome in 108 patients who weighed 200 pounds or more with matched controls weighing less than 200 pounds. Obese and nonobese subjects were similar in age and surgical indications, though overweight patients, who averaged nearly 60% above standard weight for height and age, were more likely to have hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Both operating time and operative blood loss were greater in obese patients, presumably because of more frequent employment of vaginal repair in this group. However, obese and nonobese patients did not differ significantly with respect to mortality (none in either group), postoperative febrile morbidity (62 and 56%, respectively), or postoperative hospitalization in excess of 12 days (19 and 16%, respectively). Thus, obesity does not seem to impose additional risks in vaginal hysterectomy, in contrast to abdominal hysterectomy in which the increased morbidity relates to wound infection.
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PMID:Vaginal hysterectomy in obese women. 85 May 71


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