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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 50 children with obesitas simplex, 6-14 years of age, the triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA) and cortisol (F) levels in venous blood serum were estimated. In agreement with the development stages, studied patients were divided into the group of younger children in prematurity stage and the group of older children approaching the maturity. Obtained mean values of TG, FFA and F concentrations were analysed in the particular groups of obese children and compared with the healthy children of the same age. Mean concentrations of TG, FFA and cortisol in obese children were within the normal values and statistically did not differ from those of control healthy children. Also there was no difference in parameters studied if compared the younger and older groups of obese children. There was no interrelationship between the high birth weight and the degree of overweight as well as between the duration of obesity and the blood serum TG levels. In the course of obesitas simplex in children no detectable disturbances in the levels of TG, FFA and cortisol were found. It may depends on the more efficient adaptational mechanism connected with metabolism which are acting in the course of overfeed in the period of growth and development.
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PMID:[Triglycerides, fatty acids and cortisol in simple obesity in children]. 53 85

It is reported on the annual deficiency of work, the stay in the hospital and the sanatorium as well as on the expenditure for these criteria which were established on 346 males with normal weight and 1,041 males with overweight and females at the age of 18--59 years within the research project nutrition and effect. With growing overweight in women as well as in men the days of deficiency of work, the duration of the stay in the hospital and the cost for this increase. In these cases the dependence on age concerns persons with normal weight and obese persons. It is referred to the prevention and early treatment of obesity.
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PMID:[Socioeconomic importance of obesity]. 54 94

The growth of 238 healthy full-term infants was followed under a carefully monitored nutritional protocol during the first year of life. The infants were weaned at different ages either to a proprietary infant milk formula or to a home-prepared cow's milk formula. Solid foods were introduced at 3.5 months of age. The 56 infants who were breast-fed for a period of at least 6 months were compared to infants weaned prior to one month of age to one of the two milk regimens. In the breast-fed infants, the weight, weight-for-height-age, and skinfold thickness were similar to values in the proprietary formula-fed infants but were lower than the corresponding values in the cow's milk-fed infants at 6 months of age and subsequently. By using weight-for-height-age as a criterion, no obesity was found among any of the 238 infants, and only 1.7% were considered to be overweight. The results indicate that present recommendations for infant feeding in Finland--including prolonged breast feeding, the use of proprietary milk formulas after weaning, and later introduction of solid foods--prevent overnutrition.
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PMID:Role of prolonged breast feeding in infant growth. 57 Mar 40

Results of behavioral treatment for obese persons during the first 18 months of clinical operation are presented and other reports in the literature are reviewed. Baseline and follow-up data were gathered from a population of 144 female, chronically obese patients, most of whom were experiencing medical complications associated with obesity. Treatment results were disappointing in comparison with results of similar programs. Difference in patient population groups is offered as a possible explanation for this phenomenon. Covariant analyses of demographic and psychosocial variables failed to yield any clear predictors of weight loss; it is suggested that biological factors may be important to treatment outcome for some overweight patients.
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PMID:Behavioral treatment of obesity. Limitations and results with the chronically obese. 57 47

The limitations of conservative therapy of extreme obesity compel the patient to seek a surgeon. He can do the following: Resect deposits of fat, create a condition of malabsorption by jejunoileostomy or perform a gastric by-pass, which reduces the capacity of the stomach. The gastric by-pass is the method of choice for treating the adipose child. We perform the jejunoileostomy only on patients with more than 100% overweight. With the weight reduction the pathologic metabolism is normalized. A plastic correction of pendant skin is necessary.
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PMID:[Surgical disconnection of the small intestine as a contribution to plastic surgery]. 59 63

A number of recent studies have shown an association between breast-cancer risk and height, weight and dietary habits, especially fat consumption. In the present study, height and weight were determined for 179 consecutive, unselected, breast-cancer patients and age-matched controls selected from a computerized population register. Height and weight for these two groups were compared, including two different indices for overweight (Quetelet's index and Broca's index). Comparisons were repeated after subdivision into pre- and postmenopausal women. In all calculations, the mean values of patients and controls were very similar and without significant difference. It therefore seems improbable that increased height and weight or obesity constitute risk factors for breast cancer. Earlier studies may have shown differences as the result of selection mechanisms not present in this study.
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PMID:Influence of height, weight and obesity on risk of breast cancer in an unselected Swedish population. 59 77

Gaseous exchange and regional pulmonary function (using 133Xe) were studied in 10 subjects with hemidiaphragmatic paralysis; the paralysis was presumably idiopathic in nine subjects. Global and regional investigations were performed on the same morning, the subjects being studied in the sitting position. Six subjects were obese; nevertheless overweight was moderate except in one case. Lung volumes were moderately decreased (vital capacity ranged from 69 to 100 percent of the predicted value). PaO2 was normal or nearly normal: mean = 75.8 +/- 7.5 torr in the sitting position. PaO2 did not vary significantly in the supine, nor in the lateral recumbent position. AaDO2, breathing air or during hyperoxia, was slightly increased. Qs/Qt was markedly increased in only three cases. Regional lung function data suggest that the paralysed side still plays an appreciable part in pulmonary volume (43.5 +/- 6.3 percent), ventilation (39.1 +/- 8.2 percent) and perfusion (40.4 +/- 9.3 percent). Impairment of the paralysed side was mainly localized in the lower zone; in the middle zone only ventilation was significantly reduced. Results of regional ventilation and perfusion, expressed as absolute values, suggest a redistribution of ventilation and perfusion from the base towards the apex, not only for the paralysed side but also for the opposite side. This adjustment is probably due to the hemidiaphragmatic paralysis but the possible role of obesity (present in six cases) must be kept in mind. Possible therapeutic deductions are discussed.
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PMID:[Regional pulmonary function in hemidiaphragmatic paralysis (author's transl)]. 59 36

A survey is made of a number of experiments conducted in our laboratory over the last six years. Our working hypothesis assumes that positive energy balance, which should not be prematurely defined as the cause of obesity, is itself caused by disturbances in appetite and satiation control which, given certain environmental conditions, can favour the occurrence of obesity. Three points are considered: (1) The hyperphagic reaction as a response to stress. The experimental findings suggest that the hyperphagic reaction is not primarily a biologically determined phenomenon but rather a learned response. The hyperphagic reaction is found more frequently in female and overweight persons. Most children react to stress with a decrease in food consumption. (2) Disturbances of satiation control. The food intake of obese Ss has a linear time function, whilst children and normal weight adults reveal a biological, negatively accelerated satiation curve. (3) Increased responsiveness to external cues. The concept of externality is extended to include the aspect of an internal-external stimulus discrepancy. The findings show that not only manifest obese Ss but also latent obese Ss are characterized by an increased responsiveness to external cues. In three different experiments with the same Ss it could be demonstrated that externality is to a greater or lesser extent independent of the experimental procedure. Finally, methodological aspects are discussed, because in studies on human appetite the possibility exists that experimental procedure, sample composition and laboratory conditions can exert a direct influence on the results.
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PMID:Eating in the laboratory: behavioural aspects of the positive energy balance. 61 14

Prevalence of obesity, attitude to body weight and dimensions, eating habits, opinions on good nutrition and on the causes and prevention of obesity were studied in two groups of Israeli children, each comprising about 500 boys and girls, 13--14 years old. Mean relative weight was close to median weight for height, although 9 per cent of both boys and girls weighed more than 120 per cent of median weight. Weight was closely related to triceps skinfold thickness. Twenty-six per cent of the boys and 15 per cent of the girls rated themselves as thin, 61 per cent of children of both sexes as medium, and 13 per cent of the boys and 25 per cent of the girls as obese. Self-perception of body build was more closely related to weight than to skinfold thickness. Two-thirds of the boys and over one-half of the girls were satisfied with their weight, but dissatisfaction with size and shape was often expressed. Boys wished to have larger muscles and chest circumference and many girls, even when not obese, wanted to be smaller in size and shape. Most of the obese children wanted to lose weight. Of 499 children examined, 16 boys (7 per cent of the sample) and 58 (21 per cent) girls reported for dietary therapy. While most of these children were obese, by either subjective or objective criteria, an appreciable number of nonobese children were also dieting. The children's own perception of their body build seemed to be a strong motivation to diet for weight control. Most of the dieters did not receive any dietary advice from professional people. Over two-thirds of both boys and girls believed that daily consumption of milk, bread, fruits, eggs, cheese, meat, and tomatoes is desirable. More overweight than thin and normal-weight children indicated that, to prevent obesity, all kinds of food are permissible, but only in limited amounts. Most children believed in the fattening value of cakes, sweets, fried and fatty foods, potatoes, bread and nuts. Overweight children, particularly girls, reported eating less bread, cake and cream, adding less sugar to beverages, and eating sweets and ice cream less frequently than thin and normal-weight children. Overweight teen-agers appear to be more conscious of their food intake than under- and normal-weight children.
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PMID:Attitudes of adolescents to their body build and the problem of juvenile obesity. 61 27

Epidemiological aspects of obesity have been the object of few studies in Italy, and the results of these are reviewed and compared with those obtained in other developed countries. The prevalence of obesity has been investigated in pre-school and school-age children, in young conscripts and in workers at the Riuniti Hospital in Parma, and the results show that the problem of obesity in Italy is a serious one. More than 2000 obese subjects, attending the First Medical Clinic of Parma University, have been studied to establish how far overweight is responsible for pathological and disabling complications. Obesity was implicated as a major contributing factor in diabeties, atherosclerosis, hypertension, arthritis and many other disabling diseases. The social aspects of the problems of obesity are discussed, together with possible preventive and curative measures.
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PMID:Epidemiological aspects and social importance of obesity. The situation in Italy compared with other developed countries. 61 31


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