Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective epidemiologic survey on the prevalence of foot disease in Hong Kong found foot disease in 64% of patients screened. All of the patients were ethnically Chinese. Of the conditions specified in the questionnaire, fungal foot infection, tinea pedis, and toenail onychomycosis were the most frequently encountered conditions, followed by metatarsal corns, eczema, psoriasis, and pes planus. Vascular disease, osteoarticular pathology, diabetes mellitus, obesity, atopy, and participation in sports were the main factors coexisting with the foot conditions. Of the study population, 17% and 21% reported that their quality of life was affected by pain and discomfort, respectively. These percentages are much lower than those obtained in other studies; it may therefore be inferred that foot complaints are being neglected by the ethnic Chinese population in Hong Kong.
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PMID:A prospective epidemiologic survey on the prevalence of foot disease in Hong Kong. 1223 66

Between January 1990 and June 1992 in France, obstetrician-gynecologists at Pr Magnin University Hospital in Poitiers inserted an IUD immediately after a legally induced abortion in 90 women aged 16-44. Five women were nulliparous. 16.7% had more than three children while 37.8% had had three pregnancies. 40% were living under unfavorable socioeconomic circumstances. 20 women were single, had no profession, and had children. 47.8% smoked at least 10 cigarettes a day, 10% of whom smoked 30-60 cigarettes a day. Tobacco contributed to hypertension in three cases, high cholesterol in one case, and obesity in two cases. 32.3% of the women had contraindications to combined oral contraceptives (OCs), especially hypertension and smoking. 21% were using OCs when they last conceived. 47.8% had had 2-3 pregnancies. 11% chose the IUD for personal convenience. Nine months to three years later, 89% of the women were still using the IUD. Complications or discomfort were reasons for removal among the remaining 11%. The complications included inflammation of the fallopian tube(s), IUD expulsion, retention of the trophoblast, and undiagnosed excessive bleeding. Other reasons were genital infection and desire for tubal ligation. 41% of the women did not return either after the IUD insertion. None of them had gynecological troubles, however. These findings show that postabortion IUD insertion is a practical and effective solution to recurrent abortion.
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PMID:[IUD (MLCu 375) insertion following induced abortion]. 1231 94

Pakistan and other countries with high population growth rates are in need of an acceptable procedure to prevent fertilization and lower birth rates and reduce maternal mortality. Vaginal tubectomy and nonsurgical tubectomy are discussed as forms of female sterilization which may be suitable to women and countries with limited finances. 15,000 cases of vaginal tubectomy have been performed in Pakistan during 1972-92 with a failure rate of 1/1000 and no ectopic pregnancies. Quinacrine nonsurgical procedures have been used on about 4000 case during 1990-93 with no serious complications or side effects; the failure rate is 4% and no ectopic pregnancies have resulted. Vaginal tubectomy is suitable for Pakistani patients who have fatty abdomens and are reluctant to have an abdominal operation. Women also find the absence of an abdominal scar desirable because of the fear of abdominal rupture. Laparoscopic tubectomy is compared to vaginal tubectomy. In laparoscopic sterilization ectopic pregnancy is high for patients who have coagulation and division. Laparoscopic tubectomy case also have more complications than vaginal tubectomy cases requiring laparotomy. Vaginal tubectomy procedures are simple and economical, require short hospitalizations, have short recovery periods, have minimal postoperative discomfort and lower minor morbidity and major complications, and can be combined with other vaginal procedures. Endoscopic procedures may require general anesthesia which carries its own risks, requires sophisticated equipment and operative skill, and is not suitable for obesity; endoscopes are expensive in cost and maintenance. Other types of interval sterilization are not as accepted by women. Culdoscopic tubal ligation and hysteroscopic tubal occlusion are feasible and acceptable alternatives to vaginal tubectomy. Many gynecologists acquired skills in one method, which is used continuously; this makes it difficult to compare methods. Both vaginal tubectomy and quinacrine introduction into the uterine cavity are described as medical procedures.
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PMID:Non-endoscopic surgical contraception (vaginal tubectomy). 1234 33

The relationship between eating and emotion has always interested researchers of human behavior. This relationship varies according to the particular characteristics of the individual and according to the specific emotional state. We consider findings on the reciprocal interactions between, on the one hand, emotions and food intake, and, on the other, the psychological and emotional consequences of losing weight and dieting. Theories on the relationship between emotions and eating behaviors have their origin in the literature on obesity. The psychosomatic theory of obesity proposes that eating may reduce anxiety, and that the obese overeat in order to reduce discomfort. The internal/external theory of obesity hypothesizes that overweight people do not recognize physiological cues of hunger or satiety because of faulty learning. It thus predicts that normal weight people will alter (either increase or decrease) their eating when stressed, while obese people will eat regardless of their physiological state. The restraint hypothesis postulates that people who chronically restrict their food intake overeat in the presence of disinhibitors such as the perception of having overeaten, alcohol or stress. These theories are examined in the light of present research and their implications on eating disorders are presented.
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PMID:Food and emotion. 1242 67

A telephone survey of 349 randomly-selected women living in Greater Vancouver was conducted to assess their understanding of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The results revealed that women have not yet personalized AMI risk information. Participants indicated a need for more information pertaining to symptom recognition for AMI; they were largely unaware that females may experience AMI differently than do males. Participants were less aware of the risks that diabetes, obesity and menopause pose for AMI. Approximately 36% of these women intended to delay treatment-seeking in the presence of suspicious AMI symptoms. One-third or fewer participants would call for an ambulance for the most serious AMI symptoms. Alongside a recent poll result indicating that a large majority of Canadians believe immediate emergency care for chest discomfort and chest pain is unnecessary, these findings are an alert to health care professionals that much work lies ahead in educating the public regarding treatment-seeking for AMI.
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PMID:Evaluating treatment-seeking for acute myocardial infarction in women. 1502 31

The radial artery has gained widespread acceptance as a conduit for coronary artery bypass. Advantages include minimal donor site discomfort, ease of handling, excellent early patency rates, and the possibility of freedom from late conduit atherosclerosis. Although most series describe minimal morbidity, a significant incidence of radial sensory neuropathy and isolated instances of hand claudication and ischemia have been reported. We performed an outcome study utilizing the Short Form-36, the Upper Limb-Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand, and a modified self-administered hand diagram to compare 288 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass utilizing the radial artery with a control group of 174 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass without the radial artery. The data were analyzed by the t test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables, and subsequently a multivariate regression model was constructed. No patients developed hand claudication or ischemia. Although there was an incidence of radial sensory neuropathy of 9.9% associated with radial artery harvest, it was not significantly higher than the incidence in the control group (5.2%, p =.16). Intrinsic patient factors such as obesity, age, diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease were the principal determinants of overall health and quality of life issues.
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PMID:Outcome assessment of hand function after radial artery harvesting for coronary artery bypass. 1524 87

With the dramatic rise in obesity in the United States, comorbid medical issues, such as sleep apnea and other forms of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), are becoming increasingly prevalent. Individuals with SDB have impairments in social, cognitive, and emotional functioning and an overall reduction in quality of life. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for SDB. CPAP use is associated with improvements in psychosocial functioning when individuals use the machine regularly. Unfortunately, CPAP adherence rates are often low. Patients sometimes discontinue CPAP therapy due to undesirable side effects, such as anxiety, insomnia, and nasal discomfort, or inconvenience. The goal of this review is to highlight the growing role of behavioral sleep medicine in the assessment and treatment of SDB and psychosocial impairments comorbid with SDB. More than any other health specialty, psychologists with behavioral sleep medicine experience are in the best position to treat psychiatric symptoms exacerbated by SDB-related sleep disturbances. Behavioral sleep medicine specialists also possess the expertise to address psychological obstacles to CPAP use. The assimilation of behavioral sleep medicine specialists into sleep clinics is likely to improve the overall quality of care for patients with SDB.
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PMID:The role of behavioral sleep medicine in the assessment and treatment of sleep disordered breathing. 1595 Oct 84

To increase the in vivo half-life of human CNTF mutein AX15 (R13K), HSA-AX15 (R13K) fusion protein was constructed by the fusion of the C-terminus of HSA to the N-terminus of AX15 (R13K) via an 11 amino acids linker. HSA-AX15 (R13K) fusion protein was purified to homogeneity by cation exchange chromatography, reverse phase chromatography and gel filtration after expressed in pichia pastoris. TF-1 cell survival bioassay showed the biological activity of AX15 (R13K) was not affected by the fusion to HSA. It was demonstrated that tertian injection of 4.8 mg/kg HSA-AX15 (R13K) fusion protein could produce more potent anti-obesity effects on KM mice than daily injection of 1.6 mg/kg AX15 (R13K). The long-acting form of hCNTF variant has the potential to reduce discomfort by requiring fewer injections and to minimize the side-effects by decreasing the dosage and fluctuation of plasma concentration, and thus has superior clinical application.
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PMID:[Purification and activity assay of HSA-AX15 (R13K) fusion protein expressed in Pichia pastoris]. 1601 85

Weight gain is associated with the use of many psychotropic medications, including antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotic drugs, and may have serious long term consequences: it can increase health risks, specifically from overweight (BMI = 25-29.9 kg/m2) to obesity (BMI > or =30 kg/m2), according to Body Mass Index (BMI), and the morbidity associated therewith in a substantial part of patients (hypertension, coronary heart desease, ischemic stroke, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, cancer); according to patients, psychosocial consequences such as a sense of demoralization, physical discomfort and being the target of substantial social stigma are so intolerable that they may discontinue the treatment even if it is effective. The paper reviews actual epidemiological data concerning drug induced weight gain and associated health problems in psychiatric patients : there is a high risk of overweight, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, premature death, in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder; and the effects of specific drugs on body weight: Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) induced weight gain correlated positively with dosage and duration of treatment, more pronounced with amitriptyline ; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) decrease transiently bodyweight during the first few weeks of treatment and may then increase bodyweight; weight gain appears to be most prominent with some mood stabilizers (lithium, valproate); atypical antipsychotics tend to cause more weight gain than conventional ones and weight gain, diabetes, dyslipidemia, seem to be most severe with clozapine and olanzapine. Conceming the underlying mechanisms of drug induced weight gain, medications might interfere with central nervous functions regulating energy balance; patients report about: increase of appetite for sweet and fatty foods or "food craving" (antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotic drugs) and weight gain despite reduced appetite which can be explained by an altered resting metabolic rate (TCA, SSRI, Monoaminoxidase Inhibitors MAO I). According to current concepts, appetite and feeding are regulated by a complex of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, cytokines and hormones interacting with the hypothalamus, including the leptin and the tumor necrosis factor system. The pharmacologic mechanisms underlying weight gain are presently poorly understood: maybe the different activities at some receptor systems may induce it, but also genetic predisposition. Understanding of the metabolic consequences of psychotropic drugs (weight gain, diabetes, dyslipidemia) is essential: the insulin-like effect of lithium is known; treatment with antipsychotic medications increases the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. Several management options of weight gain are available from choosing or switching to another drug, dietary advices, increasing physical activities, behavioural treatment, but the best approach seems to attempt to prevent the weight gain : patients beginning maintenance therapy should be informed of that risk, and nutritional assessment and counselling should be a routine part of treatment management, associated with monitoring of weight, BMI, blood pressure, biological parameters (baseline and three months monitoring of fasting glucose level, fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels, glycosylated haemoglobin). Psychiatrics must pay attention to concomitant medications and individual factors underlying overweight and obesity. Weight gain has been described since the discovery and the use of the firstpsychotropic drugs, but seems to intensify with especially some of the second generation antipsychotic medications ; understanding of the side effects of psychotropic drugs, including their metabolic consequences (weight gain, diabetes, dyslipidemia) is essential for the psychiatrics to avoid on the one hand a risk of lack of compliance, a discontinuation of the pharmacological medication and also a risk of relapse and rehospitalization, and on the other hand to avoid acute life threatening events (diabetic ketoacidocetosis and non ketotic hyperosmolar coma, long term risk complications of diabetes and overweight).
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PMID:[Psychotropic drugs induced weight gain: a review of the literature concerning epidemiological data, mechanisms and management]. 1638 18

The medical records of 54 dogs presented to the Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and diagnosed with heat stroke were retrospectively reviewed. Data abstracted included history, clinical and clinicopathological signs at admission, treatment, disease progression, and outcome. Exertional and environmental heat stroke were present in 63% (34 of 54) and 37% (20 of 54) of the dogs, respectively, and 78% (42 of 54) were examined between June and August. The mean temperature and heat discomfort index in the particular days of heat stroke were significantly increased (P < .001, P < .001, respectively) compared with their corresponding average daily values. In 27 dogs the body temperature was > or = 41 degrees C (105.8 degrees F). Belgian Malinois (15%, odds ratio [OR] = 24, 95% confidence interval [CI95%] 8.2-64.5), Golden and Labrador Retrievers (21%, OR = 2.08, CI95% 0.95-4.2), and brachycephalic breeds (25%, OR = 1.7, CI95%], 0.81-3.21) were overrepresented, whereas small breeds (<8 kg) were underrepresented (2%, OR = 0.08, CI95%, 0.002-0.48). Thrombocytopenia (45 of 54 dogs) and prolongation of the prothrombin (PT) and activated thromboplastin (aPTT) times (27 of 47 dogs) were recorded during hospitalization. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (P = .013) and acute renal failure (P = .008), diagnosed in 28 of 54 and 18 of 54 of the cases, respectively, were risk factors for death. The overall mortality rate was 50%. Hypoglycemia (<47 mg/dL, P = .003), prolonged PT (>18 seconds, P = .05), and aPTT (>30 sec, P < .001) at admission were associated with death. Serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL (P = .003) after 24 hours, delayed admission (>90 minutes, P = .032), seizures (P = .02), and obesity (P = .04) were also risk factors for death. Heat stroke in dogs results in serious complications and high fatality rate despite appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Heat stroke in dogs: A retrospective study of 54 cases (1999-2004) and analysis of risk factors for death. 1649 21


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