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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alimentary motivation (AM) disorders, varying in nature, markedness and duration, were found in 102 individuals with marginal arterial hypertension (64 of those showing obesity). Enhanced AM with an undulating recurrence pattern was established in 71.6%. Normal AM was noted in 24.5%, and reduced AM, in 3.9% of the patients. A relationship between elevated BP and AM changes was recorded in 70.5% of cases. Unstable or altogether lacking effect of the will effort to suppress alimentary discomfort (in 31 of 73 patients) suggests that anorexic agents should be added to combined treatment schemes for patients with marginal arterial hypertension and enhanced AM.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of food motivation in borderline arterial hypertension]. 347 49

Eight morbidly obese subjects and 12 controls were studied with an oral test meal and a heavy duodenal infusion with fat and glucose. Five of the controls were excluded because of nausea and vomiting after the duodenal stimulation whereas none of the obese subjects noted any discomfort. There was no difference in plasma GIP secretion between the two groups neither after the oral nor after the duodenal stimulation. The present study supports our previous conclusion of an unaltered GIP secretion in obesity.
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PMID:Similar plasma GIP responses in obese and lean subjects after an oral test meal and after intraduodenal stimulation with fat and glucose. 639 18

Vigorous respiratory therapy can prevent the development of postoperative pulmonary complications which occur with increased frequency after upper abdominal surgery. Obesity poses an additional risk factor. To study the effects of postoperative chest percussion with postural drainage (CPT), 53 consecutive patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric stapling procedures for treatment of morbid obesity were randomized to two groups. Both received identical postoperative respiratory care, except the study group received additional CPT. It was concluded that the addition of CPT to patients without prior chronic lung disease undergoing upper abdominal surgery caused patient discomfort, increased hospital cost, and failed to affect the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.
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PMID:Postoperative chest percussion with postural drainage in obese patients following gastric stapling. 649 53

Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy produces hypophagia and weight loss in normal rats and can reverse the hyperphagia and obesity of rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. Vagotomy surgery can also produce symptoms of nausea and discomfort. Since such symptoms are highly effective as unconditioned stimuli in food aversion conditioning, the present studies examined whether some of the depression in food intake observed in rats with vagotomy could be due to the development of aversions to the foods eaten after their surgery. In the first study, significant aversions developed to the specific novel diet consumed after vagotomy, results indicating that the symptoms associated with vagotomy can serve as effective unconditioned stimuli in the acquisition of learned food aversions. The second study compared vagotomized animals consuming familiar laboratory chow with those consuming a novel diet. In contrast to the novel diets, learned aversions did not develop to the familiar chow, and hypophagia was less persistent and severe. It is concluded that learned food aversions can contribute to the appetite and weight loss exhibited by vagotomized animals. Consideration of the conditions under which these aversions arise after vagotomy surgery may allow for the design of studies so as to minimize the aversions and thereby separate these nonspecific effects from direct regulatory deficits produced by vagotomy.
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PMID:Vagotomy produces learned food aversions in the rat. 661 34

Brinton et al. report an inverse relationship between oral contraceptive (OC) use and benign breast disease. Their contention that the association is real and not due to selective bias, as has been suggested by Janerich et al., is difficult to accept from the data that are reported. Adequate control for both selection bias and confounding factors influenced by physicians' prescribing practices and the benign breast disease patients' choice of contraception has not been carried out in the majority of studies reported. In the study conducted by Brinton et al., careful control of influencing factors such as reason for discontinuing OC use, prior breast disease and social class was carried out, but there is a strong possibility of a selection bias affecting the results. Cases and controls were selected from participants in the Oxford-FPA study who were restricted to married women 25-39 years of age and who were currently using OCs, an IUD, or a diaphragm without previous OC use. Thus, women who, prior to 25 years of age, elected to discontinue OC use because of breast discomfort related to benign breast disease, or women whose physician discontinued prescribing OCs because of benign breast disease, would have been entirely selected out of the Oxford-FPA study. Such women would have no opportunity of being included in Brinton's study, reducing the overall likelihood that OC ever users and longterm users would be found among the women with benign breast disease. This could account for some or all of the deficit of OC ever users and longterm users among the benign breast disease cases found in Brinton's study. Brinton's thorough analysis has contributed to the understanding of several factors related to the risk of benign breast disease such as obesity and fertility factors. The association between parity and late age at 1st birth and benign breast disease must be sorted out before the interpretation of a "protective effect" of OCs on benign breast disease can be accepted.
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PMID:"Risk factors for benign breast disease". 708 Dec 8

Data on the menstrual history, family history, and degree of obesity of 1374 Vancouver nursing students were collected in 1945 and from 1947-56. In 1979, 768 of these women were located; 726 responded (94%) and participated in a follow-up study, providing information on their subsequent medical history and on breast-related problems. No major differences were found between the early histories of these participants and those who were not located or did not respond. Among the respondents, 215 gave a history of symptoms compatible with benign breast disease (BBD); in 107 cases, this diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy. By age 50, the cumulative risk for BBD was 17% for biopsied and 31% for symptomatic disease. Biopsied BBD was associated with premenstrual breast discomfort, irregular menses, a history of abortions, a family history of both benign and malignant breast disease, lack of use of oral contraceptives, a low index of obesity and small breasts, obesity and breast size being independent. Factors associated with symptomatic BBD were usually associated with a greater likelihood of biopsy for symptomatic disease; hence, the relative risks for biopsied disease were generally greater than those for symptomatic disease. Although the risk factors for BBD differ from those for breast cancer, the findings are consistent with the hypothesis of excessive circulating estrogen. (author's)
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PMID:Risk factors for benign breast disease: a 30-year cohort study. 745 88

Sexual sterilization is the major form of fertility control in women who are more than 30 years old. Clinicians usually use laparoscopy to perform female sterilization. They may occlude the fallopian tubes with a clip or ring or coagulate the tubes using bipolar diathermy. It is usually performed on an outpatient basis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can generally control the postoperative pain. A serious immediate but rare complication is death, which is often associated with the anesthesia. Complications related to the experience of the surgeon include damage to bowel or blood vessels and tearing of mesosalpinx. Obesity or pelvic adhesions often necessitates either laparotomy or abandonment of sterilization. Some long term complications are hysterectomy and menstrual disorders. Presterilization counseling needs to examine the possibility of regret and to discuss failure rates and complications. Reasons for regret are young at time of sterilization, psychosexual disorder, change of partner, change in financial circumstances, sterilization performed at time of crisis, and death of a child. The failure rate for the Filshie clip is 0.1%. Reasons for failure include pregnant at the time of the procedure, clips placed across the round or ovarian ligament, incomplete occlusion, and fistula formation and recanalization. Failure rates are higher when the sterilization is done during pregnancy because the tubes are thicker and more vascular. Vasectomy involves severing and ligating the vas deferens in both scrotums. Immediate complications are hematoma and infection. Vasectomy patients need to bring 2 semen samples for sperm counts 3-4 months after the procedure. Azoospermia signals a successful vasectomy. If sperm are still present 5-6 months after the procedure, the surgeon should conduct exploratory surgery under general anesthesia. Long term side effects include testicular discomfort and perhaps prostate cancer. The evidence is unclear about the link between vasectomy and prostate cancer, however.
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PMID:Male and female sterilisation. 807 40

Obese paraplegics can suffer discomfort when they lie in a prone position and site in wheelchairs. Two paraplegic cases who underwent abdominoplasty to eliminate such complaints are presented, with satisfactory results.
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PMID:Abdominoplasty in paraplegic patients. 833 93

The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life questionnaire (IWQOL) is a 74-item self-report, condition-specific instrument that (1) assesses the effect of weight on quality of life in eight key areas, and (2) may be used as a treatment outcome measure and/or an evaluation tool for healthcare policy makers and third-party payers. This study explores IWQOL construct validity and provides new information on internal consistency, treatment effects, and differences between men and women. IWQOL total scores correlated highly with other measures of overall quality of life, and subscale scores correlated well with counterparts in the assessment battery. Internal consistency estimates for the IWQOL scales generally were high. For the women, 4-week participants, and the total sample, pretreatment-posttreatment differences were significant for all IWQOL scales and total score. For men, treatment differences were significant for the total score and all subscales except for Work and Mobility. Treatment differences for 2-week participants were significant for all scales except for Work. Consistent with previous IWQOL study results, the Comfort With Food scale scores reflected more discomfort at posttreatment as compared with pretreatment. The IWQOL, already translated into French and Italian, currently is demonstrating clinical and research utility as a quality-of-life outcome measure for clinical trials of antiobesity drugs and surgical treatments for patients with obesity.
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PMID:Construct validity of the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire. 938 18

Urinary incontinence, corresponding to the definition of involuntary urine leaks, due to alteration of the physiological mechanisms of continence, experienced as discomfort in everyday life affects approximately 10% of the female population. The main predisposing factors are age, child-birth (particularly the first), recurrent urinary tract infections, and obesity. Pathophysiologically, urine leak occurs when the forces of expulsion resulting from abdominal straining or detrusor contraction, exceed the physiological (urethral sphincter device) and pathological (obstruction) continence forces. These two mechanisms correspond to two types of incontinence, stress and urge incontinence, which are primarily diagnosed on the basis of the clinical interview, which must also strive to evaluate the volume of urine leaks, the circumstances inducing incontinence, and associated urinary symptoms such as dysuria and frequency. Clinical examination, in women in the gynaecological position, demonstrates incontinence on coughing and control of incontinence by supporting the bladder neck (Bonney's manoeuvre); it also evaluates vulval trophicity and the quality of perineal musculature; it analyses the components of possible vaginal prolapse. The objective of complementary investigations is not to confirm the data of the clinical interview and clinical examination, but to complete them by providing additional elements. Radiological examinations have largely been replaced by urodynamic examinations, able to detect detrusor instability and evaluate the quality of sphincter tone, which largely determines the success of surgery. Surgery remains the reference treatment for stress incontinence with a success rate of almost 90%; the main mechanism consists of supporting the bladder neck, allowing it to close during efforts increasing the abdominal pressure. Perineo-sphincter rehabilitation must be tried first, although its results are less lasting. Currently, the only effective medical treatment is anticholinergic drugs in urge incontinence.
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PMID:[Female urinary incontinence. Which assessments? Which treatment?]. 959 38


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