Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of glycerokinase has been demonstrated in human omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The enzyme reaction showed a linear time course for 5 min at 30 C and pH optima at pH 7.6 and 9.0. Saturation of the enzyme was observed at 1.8 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the double reciprocal plot of activity vs. ATP concentration was nonlinear giving two apparent Km values of 0.094 and 0.518 mM. The apparent Km for glycerol, 0.112 mM, was obtained from a linear double reciprocal plot, and the enzyme was saturated at about 0.4 mM glycerol. The activity of glycerokinase in human adipose tissue excised under general anaesthesia was low and was unrelated to adipose cell size or the degree of obesity of the subject from whom the fat was obtained.
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PMID:Glycerokinase in human adipose tissue. 1 78

Forty patients who underwent elective cholecystectomy were examined preoperatively and during the first postoperative week by physical examination, measurement of FVC and FEV1, arterial pH and blood gas analyses, and chest x-ray. Postoperative pulmonary complications (p.p.c.) were detected in 30 (75%) of the patients. Simple auscultation was the most sensitive tool in discovering p.p.c., but 18 of the 30 patients with complications also had a pathological chest x-ray. Obesity, smoking postoperative naso-gastric tube and postoperative wound infection were predisposing factors for p.p.c. Six patients with preoperative pulmonary disease all had a progress in their lung pathology. There was no definite relationship of duration of anaesthesia or drainage of the abdominal wound to development of p.p.c. The patients with p.p.c. showed a deeper and more prolonged fall in Pao2 postoperatively than the normal group. None of the normals showed an arterial Po2 below 70 mmHg in the postoperative course, while 63% of the p.p.c. group did. FVC and FEV1 showed marked reductions from preoperative values on the first postoperative day, and then gradually increased to near preoperative values after 1 week. Arterial pH and Pco2 showed no definite changes during the postoperative course.
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PMID:Pulmonary complications, ventilation and blood gases after upper abdominal surgery. 1 90

Between September 1972 and March 1974 more than 1000 patients had undergone laparoscopic sterilization by spring-loaded clip under local anesthesia in outpatient settings in the United States and overseas. No fixed contraindications were noted. Complications and pregnancy rates based on a 6-month follow-up were as follows: 1 death of a patient with artificial mitral and aortic valves resulted 5 days after surgery; cramps similar to menstrual cramps were reported in 26% of patients for 24-48 hours after clip application; some prototype complications occurred. The centers with the highest pregnancy rates were teaching centers employing experienced electrocoagulation physicians with the highest rate occurring at Chapel Hill where physicians were becoming familiar with the new technique. Of 24 pregnancies, 3 women were pregnant at the time of clip application, 11 resulted from improper placement of the clips, 5 pregnancies followed correct clip application and 3 resulted from weak springs (a manufacturing defect). The corrected pregnancy rate counting only those good and properly applied clips was 2/1000. Contraindications to this procedure include the presence of adhesions preventing visualization of the isthmic portion of the tube, obesity and enlarged uteri. The clip, designed to eliminate the need for electrocoagulation, thus eliminates possible bowel burn, mesosalpingeal hemorrhaging, pain and general anesthesia. Use factors combined with the advantage of potential reversibility via end-to-end anastomosis make sterilization by spring clip an effective possibility.
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PMID:Sterilization by spring clip: a report of 1000 cases with a 6-month follow-up. 12 74

In 1000 cases of sterilization by laparoscopic tubal electrocoagulation under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, no pregnancies have occurred in the follow-up period ranging from 5 to 57 months. The patients ranged from 17 to 50 years with a median of 31 years. 85% of the cases were done as outpatients; the surgical technic used was the standard 2 incision of Steptoe. 16.5% of the patients had had previous abdominal surgery; obesity was not considered a contraindication. There were 30 significant complications, the most common of which was mesosalpingeal bleeding, which occurred in 17 patients. Uterine perforation occurred in 9 patients, the Veress needle was inserted into the stomach of 2 patients. There was 1 traumatic transverse colon injury and 1 perforation of the sigmoid colon. The 3% complication rate of this study falls within the 0-8% reported in the literature. The complication rate falls as physician experience increases; in the last 42 consecutive months no major complications requiring celiotomy have occurred.
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PMID:Sterlization by laparoscopic tubal electrocoagulation a report of 1000 private patients. 13 91

The woodchuck or groundhog (Marmota monax) has been used as a biomedical model for studies of obesity and energy balance, endocrine and metabolic function, central nervous system control mechanisms and cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and neoplastic disease. Methods of care of a woodchuck colony, techniques for handling, restraint, anesthesia, blood sampling and breeding were developed.
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PMID:The woodchuck, Marmota monax, as a laboratory animal. 52 75

Serum ionic fluoride levels in 24 markedly obese patients (127.6 +/- 6.0 kg) and seven nonobese control subjects (67.3 +/- 1.2 kg) were compared during and following enflurane anesthesia (less than 2.0 MAC hr). Peak serum fluoride levels were higher (28.0 +/- 1.9 vs 17.3 +/- 1.3 micrometers/L, p less than 0.01) and the rate at which fluoride levels increased was more rapid (slope 5.6 vs 2.5 micrometers/L/hr) in obese patients than in control patients. No clinical evidence of nephrotoxicity was found in either group. Vasopressin resistance tests were not performed, and thus it is inknown whether subclinical nephrotoxicity occurred in either study group. Possible reasons for increased enflurane metabolism in obesity are discussed. These possibilities include differences in fluoride ion kinetics, hepatic delivery and penetration of volatile anesthetics, and altered hepatic microsomal enzyme activity. Obesity rather than weight is an important determinant of anesthetic biotransformation.
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PMID:Serum inorganic fluoride levels in obese patients during and after enflurane anesthesia. 57 67

A brief perioperative course of ampicillin was recommended for high-risk patients undergoing cesarean section at our institution. High-risk patients were defined as those with two or more of the following factors: general anesthesia, obesity, hematocrit less than or equal to 30%, and labor prior to delivery. Fifteen percent of high-risk patients who received prophylactic antibiotics experienced postoperative febrile morbidity compared to 63% for the high-risk untreated group (P less than 0.001). Twenty-five percent of low-risk patients (less than 2 risk factors) developed this complication. Endometritis was the leading cause of postoperative febrile morbidity. Postoperative stay was only slightly decreased in the prophylactically treated group (5.9 vs 6.2 days). Prophylactic amplicillin given perioperatively was an effective agent in reducing post-cesarean-section febrile morbidty among high-risk patients.
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PMID:Prophylactic antibiotics in high-risk cesarean section. 65 5

8 deaths (aged 17-44 years) caused by pulmonary thromboembolism after legally induced abortion are reported. Of 104 abortion-related deaths reported to the Center for Disease Control from 1972 through 1975, 10 involved fatal embolism. The 8 cases reported here were proved at autopsy. 7 of these women had preexisting risk factors for thromboembolic disease, including obesity, previous thrombophebitis, use of oral contraceptives, or Type A blood. All but 1 case occurred in women who had received general anesthesia. 4 of the 8 women had undergone a concurrent sterilization procedure at the time of abortion. The average age of these women was 27.9 years and their gestation at the time of abortion ranged from 8 to 15 weeks. It is concluded that preventive efforts should focus on identifying women at high risk for thromboembolic events prior to the abortion procedure and then selecting the abortion procedure least likely to produce postoperative embolism. Women with preexisting conditions might be advised to delay sterilization until the hypercoaguability of pregnancy has resolved.
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PMID:Deaths caused by pulmonary thromboembolism after legally induced abortion. 68 5

A high incidence of post cesarean section febrile morbidity has caused a number of investigators to recommend using prophylatic antibiotics for patients undergoing this procedure. Recent data suggest that such prophylactic antibiotics should be reserved for high-risk patients. Since previous studies have not adequately defined the high-risk patient, we analyzed 129 patients undergoing cesarean section to identify the factors which predispose to postoperative febrile morbidity. Two different statistical programs identified four factors (general anesthesia, obesity, hematocrit less than or equal to 30%, and labor prior to delivery) which were significantly associated with post cesarean section febrile morbidity (P less than 0.025). Patients with 2 or more of these risk factors were highly likely to experience this postoperative complication (P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Risk factors associated with post cesarean section febrile morbidity. 86 32

Under local anaesthesia and ultrasound control (beta-mode; Vidoson) the fetoscope was introduced into the amniotic cavity in 23 women, 13-20 weeks pregnant. Used before planned surgical abortion the method decisively reduced the dangers of damage to the fetus. In 21 women introduction of the fetoscope was without problem, but twice obesity made it difficult. Placental surface, umbilical cord, fetal head and fetal limbs were more commonly seen than other fetal parts. In one instance fetoscopy made it possible to exclude Mohr's syndrome. Preliminary attempts to obtain fetal blood by puncture of placental vessels under fetoscopy were successful. The described technique seems highly promising. Further experience will demonstrate whether it is without danger and simple enough to be used routinely in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies.
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PMID:[Fetoscopy under ultrasound control (author's transl)]. 90 5


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