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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endogenous opiates have been implicated as regulators of mood and pain. Recent literature suggests a relationship between these internal opiates and ingestive behaviors in both animals and humans. The present study investigates this relationship by comparing the pain sensitivities of obese and nonobese subjects. Twenty-six subjects (18 females, 8 males) whose weight was 130% or greater of their ideal body weight (IBW) constituted the obese experimental group, while 34 subjects (14 females, 20 males) whose weight was less than 130% IBW formed the nonobese control group. Volunteer subjects were sought from a general medicine clinic of a hospital. Each subject placed his index finger in a pressure device bearing a 3-pound weight and was instructed to report the first occurrence of pain and the desire to remove the finger from the device. Obese subjects were significantly more pain sensitive. The difference in pain sensitivities supports the hypothesis that the weight difference between the obese and nonobese subjects may be related to endogenous opiate control of ingestive behaviors.
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PMID:Pain sensitivity and obesity. 657 30

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been reported to reduce the use of narcotic analgesic medication for pain relief in the postoperative period. This study compares the use of narcotic analgesics and the occurrence of postoperative complications in 205 patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery for control of obesity. Seventy-four patients used TENS for postoperative pain relief. The control group comprised 131 patients who did not use TENS. There were no statistically significant differences in the use of narcotic analgesic medication and the occurrence of postoperative complications between the experimental group and the control group.
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PMID:Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and postoperative use of narcotic analgesics. 660 27

Some patients with radiologic findings of neurogenic arthropathy or multiple fractures do not exhibit overt neurologic signs. Results of nerve conduction velocity, computer-assisted sensory examination, periosteal nociception, and morphometric and graded teased-fiber evaluation of cutaneous nerves allowed us to recognize a mild neuropathic abnormality. Neurogenic arthropathy and subclinical neuropathy were also found in relatives. In three kinships, the underlying disorder was probably hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 and in several others, it was recessively inherited sensory neuropathy. These arthropathies were often painful, and overt loss of superficial and deep pain sensation was not a prominent or necessary condition. An interplay of multiple factors including insensitivity, trauma, obesity, activity, abuse, personality, mental subnormality, and metabolic joint and bone disease are probably involved in the development of the bony lesions and thus provide further evidence that environmental factors affect expression of human mutant genes for inherited neuropathy.
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PMID:Neurogenic arthropathy and recurring fractures with subclinical inherited neuropathy. 668 82

Ten patients were operated on for plantar fasciitis (12 heels) by stripping the plantar fascia and superficial plantar muscles from the calcaneus. All patients were refractory to conservative treatment for an average of 12.4 months prior to operation and were followed up for a minimum of 24 months after operation. Complete symptomatic relief was obtained in all patients despite the presence of massive obesity in six. Hypoesthesia of the heel, which was present in five feet after operation, may have enhanced pain relief. Three patients who were receiving workmen's compensation returned to work within 16 weeks of surgery. One deep wound infection occurred and required surgical debridement before healing could occur. Surgical treatment is efficacious in selected cases of plantar fasciitis that are refractory to conservative measures.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of plantar fasciitis. 672 44

Two studies are presented which describe the development of a problem-oriented psychosocial screening instrument for use in health care settings. Reliability and validity data are presented on the Chronic Illness Problem Inventory (CIPI) which demonstrate its ability to document accurately patient's specific problems in areas of physical limitations, psychosocial functioning, health care behaviors and marital adjustment. A study is also presented which compares the problems of patients with three distinct chronic illnesses: pain, obesity, and respiratory ailments. Results indicate a significantly greater severity of problems for pain patients and especially patients with multiple pain complaints. Problem areas common to all three illness groups are discussed in the context of providing better comprehensive treatment for chronically ill patients.
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PMID:The chronic illness problem inventory: problem-oriented psychosocial assessment of patients with chronic illness. 673 96

An epidemiological and clinical study was carried out on 31 patients with spasm of normal coronary arteries. The series comprised 24 males and 7 females aged 30 to 68 years (mean age: 48 years) with isolated resting chest pain (61 p. 100) or with resting and effort chest pains (39 p. 100). Their cardiovascular risk factors were compared to 735 unselected patients with coronary insufficiency undergoing coronary coronary angiography. Abnormalities of lipid metabolism (45 p. 100) and obesity (14 p. 100) were less common but there was a higher incidence of smoking (74 p. 100 compared to 48 p. 100). Sixteen patients had a psychological test: repressed aggressivity and severe anxiety were found in all patients, a state of separation coincided wtih the onset of the illness in 10 of the 16 patients. On admission, 13 patients presented with attacks of Prinzmetal variant angina, with myocardial infarction in 2 cases. Eighteen patients had non-invalidating angina with sporadic attacks. Coronary angiography was normal in 8 patients and showed lesions with less than 50 p. 100 narrowing in the other 23 patients. Mitral valve prolapse was found on left ventriculography in four patients. Exercise electrocardiography was positive in 7 out of 20 patients, and notably in those who had not had effort angina. All patients were treated with calcium antagonist drugs (25 Nifedipine, 6 Diltiazem), the efficacity of which was tested in 20 patients with a control ergometrine test. Thirty patients were followed up for 6 to 46 months (mean: 15 months). The exercise stress tests were repeated in the 7 patients with positive results before treatment and the results were negative in all cases. Twenty three patients were completely pain free or significantly improved, although 25 p. 100 of control tests remained positive (4/16). Six patients continued to have as much chest pain, and three had positive control tests. One patient with a negative control test developed acute myocardial infarction six months later in the territory of the spasm: during hospitalisation the ergometrine test became positive again.
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PMID:[Coronary insufficiency caused by spasm with arteries injured slightly or not at all (31 cases)]. 681 Jul 88

The oral effects of prolonged intermaxillary fixation were investigated in 106 severely obese patients who had been jaw wired as an aid to weight loss. The principal complications during fixation were episodes of periodontal pain and tooth mobility (40%). After removal of fixation, the principal sequelae were residual periodontal problems (9%) and mandibular limitation (9%). These findings were confirmed in a subgroup of 11 patients who had detailed measurements made of their periodontal index, oral hygiene index and range of jaw movements. These findings were discussed in relation to other methods of management of obesity.
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PMID:The oral effects of prolonged intermaxillary fixation by interdental eyelet wiring. 681 67

We have carried out a prospective survey of 25 cases of male hypogonadism attending one hospital, and a retrospective study of 73 men attending other endocrine clinics in Manchester. In total, 47 had pituitary disorders, 15 isolated gonadotrophin deficiency (including 4 with Kallmann's syndrome), 10 testicular atrophy of unknown cause, 12 testicular damage, 10 with Klinefelter's syndrome, and 4 had miscellaneous disorders. Our survey emphasises the importance of adequate history and examination. Most patients presented with reduced libido, with marital problems in 62% of married men. Less common problems were facial flushing, osteoporosis and gross obesity. Several patients with pituitary disorders were asymptomatic, even in the presence of visual field defects. Klinefelter's syndrome, and testicular atrophy, may present with infertility or gynaecomastia rather than symptoms of androgen deficiency. On examination, the presence of gynaecomastia or obesity were of no help in differential diagnosis, whereas visual field defects clearly indicated a pituitary cause. Measurement of height/span was of little help. The precise diagnosis was usually established with basal plasma LH, FSH, testosterone and prolactin, with karyotype and pituitary radiology, and without more elaborate dynamic hormone tests. Testosterone esters given by intramuscular injection as "Sustanon 250" was the most commonly used replacement therapy. Improved libido usually resulted. Side-effect occurred in 10%, usually as muscle cramps, pain at the injection sites, acne, or excessive sex drive. One tragic case illustrates the potential dangers of androgen replacement therapy in an unrecognised psychopath, and where doubt exists a psychiatric opinion should be sought before starting therapy.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of androgen deficiency in men. 689 Jul 81

Drugs with improved potency and specificity are becoming available for the pharmacologic manipulation of serotonin neurons in brain. Both enhancement and impairment of serotoninergic function can now be achieved by drugs acting through different mechanisms. Drugs of this sort are not only valuable tools for exploring functional roles of serotonin neurons but they have real or potential value in the treatment of diseases like mental depression, obesity, myoclonus or other movement disorders, pain, hypertension, and endocrine dysfunction.
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PMID:Pharmacology of central serotonin neurons. 699 97

Using electrophysiological methods for studying pain in human, the authors have studied comparatively the sensation of pain and the threshold of a nociceptive flexion reflex of the lower limb, both elicited by electrical stimulation of sural nerve in 20 obese women (weight greater than or equal to 30 p. 100 of ideal weight) and 14 normal weighing women as controls. In obeses, the threshold of the nociceptive flexion reflex is very significantly lower (5,4 +/- 2 mA in obesity, 9,7 +/- 1,6 mA in controls p < 0,0001). The authors suggests an hypothesis of insufficiency of endogenous opiate releasing in human obesity.
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PMID:[Obesity and the nociceptive reflex (author's transl)]. 699 31


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