Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case of a 60-year-old woman with pheochromocytoma and concomitant adrenocortical adenoma in the same gland is presented. She complained of episodic headache, palpitation, nausea, vomiting and sweating. Physical examination revealed that the patient has generalized obesity, wet skin and paroxysmal hypertension, but no signs of Cushing's syndrome. Elevated levels of urinary noradrenaline, adrenaline and total metanephrine were sequentially observed. In addition, urinary 17-OHCS was also slightly elevated, but plasma cortisol was normal and suppressed after oral administration of 0.5 mg of dexamethasone. Abdominal echography and CT scanning demonstrated a left adrenal tumor, which took up both 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine and 75Se-scintadoren in the same region. A left adrenalectomy was performed and the tumor was found to consist of two parts, pheochromocytoma (2.5 X 2.5 X 2.5 cm) and cortical adenoma (2.5 X 3 X 5 cm). A total of 23 reported cases showing evidence of hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex and the medulla were noted. So far as we know, this patient was the second case of pheochromocytoma with adrenocortical adenoma in Japan.
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma associated with adrenocortical adenoma: case report and literature review. 372 Jun 79

Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy produces hypophagia and weight loss in normal rats and can reverse the hyperphagia and obesity of rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. Vagotomy surgery can also produce symptoms of nausea and discomfort. Since such symptoms are highly effective as unconditioned stimuli in food aversion conditioning, the present studies examined whether some of the depression in food intake observed in rats with vagotomy could be due to the development of aversions to the foods eaten after their surgery. In the first study, significant aversions developed to the specific novel diet consumed after vagotomy, results indicating that the symptoms associated with vagotomy can serve as effective unconditioned stimuli in the acquisition of learned food aversions. The second study compared vagotomized animals consuming familiar laboratory chow with those consuming a novel diet. In contrast to the novel diets, learned aversions did not develop to the familiar chow, and hypophagia was less persistent and severe. It is concluded that learned food aversions can contribute to the appetite and weight loss exhibited by vagotomized animals. Consideration of the conditions under which these aversions arise after vagotomy surgery may allow for the design of studies so as to minimize the aversions and thereby separate these nonspecific effects from direct regulatory deficits produced by vagotomy.
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PMID:Vagotomy produces learned food aversions in the rat. 661 34

A series of 117 consecutive unselected patients with clinically reducible unilateral inguinal herniae were admitted for short-stay repair. Seven expressed a strong preference for one form of anaesthesia (6 general (GA)) local (LA) and 7 were unfit for GA; these were excluded from the trial. The remaining 103 patients were allocated at random to receive either LA or GA in order to compare the two methods of anaesthesia. The resulting groups (53 LA, 50 GA) were well matched for age and obesity. Perand postoperative symptoms were assessed with linear analogues self-assessment questionnaires. Statistically significant differences were demonstrated between the groups; those patients having LA were able to walk, eat, and pass urine earlier than those having GA, who experienced more nausea, vomiting, sore throat, and headache. The postoperative course and additional symptoms were otherwise similar. Forty-five LA patients experienced mild pain during the operation, but nevertheless 85% of the total group said they would consent to its use again. Ninety-three patients (90%) were discharged at 24 h. LA was applicable to all types of clinically reducible inguinal hernia and was an acceptable, safe, and satisfactory alternative to GA.
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PMID:A randomised controlled trial to compare local with general anaesthesia for short-stay inguinal hernia repair. 704 4

Eighty patients with benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) (76 females, 4 males, age range 15-54 years) were studied. Endocrine changes (pregnancy-17, obesity-16, dysmenorrhea-15, hyperthyroidism-7, etc.) were the most common cause of BIH (72.5%-58 from 80). Besides general sings of intracranial hypertension (papilledema-80, headache-76, nausea-47, dizziness-43, obnubilations-39), 36 (45%) patients had visual problems. After treatment complete recovery took place in 48 patients, non-significant residual changes persisted in 16 patients, main symptoms of BIH persisted in 16 patients. Papilledema regressed completely in 52 patients, post-papilledematous discoloration of optic disks or optic atrophy were discovered in 12 patients.
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PMID:[The syndrome of benign intracranial hypertension]. 757 31

Primary torsion of the omentum is an unusual cause of an acute abdomen and commonly mimics acute appendicitis. The following report of four obese children is supportive of obesity as a predisposing factor. The paucity of gastrointestinal symptoms, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and the relatively long duration of symptoms, may increase the index of suspicion. In the majority of cases, the diagnosis is made intraoperatively by digital exploration through the muscle-splitting incision. The torsed omentum is easily delivered through the same incision, and excision results in complete recovery.
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PMID:Primary omental torsion in children. 766 14

Inhibitors of serotonin (5HT) re-uptake have generally been successful in inducing modest but statistically significant weight reductions in clinical trials. Citalopram is a new, highly selective inhibitor of 5HT re-uptake. It is effective and safe in relieving major depression at doses up to 60 mg daily. In our study, 72 severely obese subjects (BMI > 44 kg/m2) were instructed in a 4500 kJ carbohydrate-rich (50%) diet. The initial two week run-in diet+placebo period was followed by a 12 week double-blind period of diet+citalopram or placebo. There were seven withdrawals during the initial two weeks. Of the remaining 65 patients, 45 were randomized to 60 mg citalopram daily and 20 received placebo. A trend towards a higher frequency of nausea at week 6 was noted in the citalopram group. Weight loss during the initial two weeks was 2.01 kg. In the following 12 weeks, mean weight loss was 3.78 kg in the citalopram group vs. 2.64 kg in the placebo group (P = 0.29), reductions occurring almost entirely during the initial four weeks of the treatment period. We conclude that citalopram is of no clinical value in the treatment of obesity when added to a 4500 kJ diet.
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PMID:Treatment of severe obesity with a highly selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor as a supplement to a low calorie diet. 811 71

Recent progress in the molecular pharmacology of 5-HT receptors and the development of selective ligands for various 5-HT receptor subtypes has advanced our understanding of the role of 5-HT mechanisms in the control of food intake and bodyweight. The most intensively investigated 5-HT receptor subtypes have been the 5-HT1A receptor, the 5-HT1B receptor and the 5-HT2C receptor. The overall pattern of results to date suggests that selective 5-HT2C agonists may be novel anorectic drugs and prove useful in the treatment of obesity. However, a number of issues remain unresolved, particularly regarding potential side-effects, as the 5-HT2C receptor agonist mCPP has been reported to induce anxiety and nausea in humans, actions that would clearly limit its therapeutic utility. In addition, the possible role of recently cloned 5-HT receptor subtypes such as 5-ht5, 5-ht6 and 5-ht7, remains unexplored and the development of selective ligands for these sites has the potential to lead to new treatments for obesity.
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PMID:Multiple serotonin receptors: opportunities for new treatments for obesity? 869 43

We investigated symptoms suggestive of swallowing problems in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, some of whom displayed features of sicca complex. A prospective study of 95 consecutive patients with primary biliary cirrhosis was conducted at a single teaching hospital using a questionnaire administered over the telephone. Some symptoms of sicca complex (dry mouth and/or dry eyes) were found in 65 patients (68.4%). Subjective xerostomia alone was present in 45 patients (47.4%). The questionnaire revealed an increase in incidence of dysphagia in xerostomia subjects, affecting 21 of 45 patients, compared with 6 of 50 non-xerostomia patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that confounding factors such as age, obesity, cigarette smoking, and medications associated with a dry mouth could not explain these findings. Twenty-eight patients complained of hoarseness, 23 of coughing, and 14 of wheezing, all of which were significantly more frequent than in the 50 patients without xerostomia. Heartburn affected 17 xerostomia patients and 15 non-xerostomia patients, indicating no difference in frequency between these two groups, even after age, obesity, cigarette smoking, and medications associated with heartburn were considered in the multivariate analysis. Acid regurgitation, nausea, and vomiting were also similar in frequency between patients with and without xerostomia. Swallowing problems, manifested primarily as dysphagia, are common in primary biliary cirrhosis patients who have subjective xerostomia.
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PMID:Primary biliary cirrhosis, sicca complex, and dysphagia. 919 Jan 3

To determine whether the satiating effects of nutrients in the small intestine are lower in obese than in nonobese people, 9 healthy, obese men [age: 18-33 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) 30.4-40.8] and 11 healthy, nonobese men (age: 18-33 y; BMI: 19.1-26.4) received an intraduodenal infusion of saline (control), lipid ( 11.97 kJ/min, or 2.86 kcal/min), or glucose (11.97 kJ/min) for 120 min on separate days. Fullness, hunger, and nausea were assessed by visual analogue scales. After the infusions, a meal was offered and food intake was quantified. There was no difference in appetite ratings between the obese and nonobese subjects during the infusions, in the amount or macronutrient composition of food eaten after the infusions, or in the time taken to eat the meals. Both the lipid and glucose infusions were associated with greater fullness than the control infusion. The energy content of the food eaten was less after the lipid infusion than after either the control or glucose infusion (P < 0.01): lipid infusion suppressed energy intake by 22% compared with the control infusion and by 15% compared with the glucose infusion. Suppression of energy intake after intraduodenal nutrient infusions was due to slower eating (P < 0.01). Intraduodenal infusions of fat suppressed appetite and food intake more than did equienergetic infusions of carbohydrate in both obese and nonobese young men, and the responses to intraduodenal fat and glucose were not affected by obesity. The latter observation suggests that established obesity is not associated with reduced small-intestinal responses to dietary fat or carbohydrate.
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PMID:Effects of small-intestinal fat and carbohydrate infusions on appetite and food intake in obese and nonobese men. 992 16

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), or pseudotumor cerebri, is a syndrome characterized by an elevated intracranial pressure in the absence of a focal lesion, infective process, or hydrocephalus. New onset IIH may present to the emergency department in a variety of ways. To describe the etiologic associations and clinical features in this disorder, we performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive emergency department patients with new onset IIH during the calendar years 1987-1996. A total of 52 patients met all study criteria. The mean patient age was 27+/-8.9 years; the female-to-male ratio was 7:1. An etiologic association could be identified in 85% of cases and included obesity, hypertension, drugs, endocrine, and systemic disorders. Headache was a dominant complaint in most patients (48/52) and associated with dizziness, nausea, and/or visual complaints. Fourteen patients (27%) were not diagnosed on their initial ED visit and were more likely to have atypical clinical features (71% vs. 24%; P = .004). Atypical features included paraesthesias, neck/back pain, unilateral headache, vertigo, and nystagmus. Papilledema, the ophthalmoscopic hallmark of IIH, was not detected initially in 11 patients (21%). These results suggest that IIH is a relatively uncommon neurological illness that may have a variety of causes. The emergency department diagnosis may be complicated by atypical clinical features and a lack of detectable papilledema.
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PMID:Emergency department presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. 1053 May 26


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