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Query: UMLS:C0028754 (obesity)
 124,988 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been well known that the fasting therapy which was invented in Medical School of Tohoku University reveals an excellent effect upon various kinds of psychosomatic diseases, but its therapeutic mechanism and suitable indication are not yet explained completely. In order to corroborate these problems, this study was undertaken on 262 cases of psychosomatic diseases in the field of internal medicine. It is a complete fasting for 10 days with nothing by mouth except for drinking water, and 500 ml of parenteral fluid containing vitamins are administered intravenously every day. Absolute bed rest and self meditation are required in a closed individual room, and patients are not allowed to meet anyone but physicians and nurse in charge. The return to normal ordinary diet follows the order of fluid diet, soft diet and semiordinary diet during 5 days. In the period of the therapy, various clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out. Significance of these examinations consists in prediction of possible danger during the fasting period and elucidation of its therapeutic mechanism. Consequently, an outstanding efficacy rate of 87% with excellent prognosis was attained, and the following diseases were determined as suitable indication of this therapy; irritable colon, dysorexia nervosa, borderline hypertension, neurocirculatory asthenia, bronchial asthma, mild diabetes mellitus, obesity, lumbago without organic findings, conversion hysteria, various neurosis with somatic symptoms and masked depression. Possible mechanism of action of the therapy is that fasting acts as an extreme stress on the function of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems, then it regulates the function of whole body including the brain, also it acts as one of the behaviour therapy for abnormal conditioning.
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PMID:Fasting therapy for psychosomatic diseases with special reference to its indication and therapeutic mechanism. 96 29

Overweight adult females may have negative self-concepts and body images compounded by chronic low back pain and obesity. This subgroup of clients need special attention and nursing interventions to adjust to chronic low back pain and to achieve permanent weight control. Interventions designed to improve female clients' self-concepts and body images also support their efforts toward weight control, and, in turn, improve their negative perceptions of chronic pain. Orthopaedic nurses are in an excellent position to explore the relationships among body image, overweight, and chronic low back pain.
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PMID:Compounded problem: chronic low back pain and overweight in adult females. 149 78

Based on accumulating evidence, an important shift in the nonsurgical treatment paradigm for low back pain is underway. This shift is away from prolonged rest and passive therapy toward earlier patient activation and greater use of exercise therapy. The patient's best interest is often served by encouraging an early return to work and by avoiding adversarial legal proceedings. Patients should be reassured about the good prognosis of acute pain, and the alarming terminology of "injury" or "ruptured disc" should be avoided. Intervention to avoid sedentariness, smoking, and obesity probably offers important therapeutic and preventive opportunities. When surgery is indicated, the patient should have a major role in decision making after being provided an accurate view of risks and benefits of surgical intervention. Surgery should generally be reserved for those cases for which a benefit of surgery has been clearly established, avoiding the liberalization of indications to include imaging findings alone, persistent pain alone, or the failure of other treatments in the absence of clear surgical indications.
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PMID:Nonsurgical care of low back pain. 184 Mar 91

So far, eight prospective studies and 50 cross-sectional or retrospective studies have focused on risk factors for low back syndromes. Half of these have been published during the 1980s. Hard physical work and, in particular, frequent lifting and postural stress are likely to result in disc degeneration, low back pain and sciatica. Physical strain may also have prophylactic effects, as physical leisure activity and muscular strength are negatively associated with the risk of low back pain. Much evidence points to driving motor vehicles being causally associated with low back pain and sciatica. A probably causal relationship exists between body height and risk of sciatica, but height is not necessarily predictive of other types of low back pain. Obesity, smoking, psychological distress and poor general health also carry increased risk of low back pain, but their causal role is questionable. Although none of the suspected risk factors can be described as having been conclusively investigated epidemiologically, the results of published studies show that there are modifiable factors contributing to low back pain. The overall potential of primary prevention is great if adequate tools for intervention can be developed.
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PMID:Risk factors for low back pain and sciatica. 252 71

Extradural sacral (caudal) block was performed in 17 cases (14 patients) of chronic low back pain. In each case 22 ml of a bupivacaine/methylprednisolone solution incorporating a radioopaque dye was injected over a 2-min period. Patients were randomly assigned to receive the injection in the horizontal position or with 15 degrees head-up or head-down tilt applied to the operating table. Results indicate that analgesia is usually more localised than spread of solution determined by x-ray evidence and that higher levels of analgesia are achieved in patients in the head-up position. Possible causes are the differing distribution characteristics of the constituents of the solution and the gravitational effects of posture on cerebrospinal fluid mechanics. Technical problems associated with obesity, congenital abnormalities, vascular uptake of solution, and delayed spread of the injectant due to adhesions are discussed.
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PMID:Spread of local anaesthetic solutions following sacral extradural (caudal) block: influence of posture. 253 84

A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1985 among 5941 hospital workers from the Regional and University Hospital Center (CHRU) of Strasbourg on the occasion of the occupational medical examinations. The purpose was to determine the importance of low back pain among hospital staff and to describe the relationship between individual and occupational characteristics and the onset of these symptoms. Our results confirm the risk-factors determined by other investigators: age, sex, length of service, heavy work assignments (nursing aides, stretcherbearers, nurses, etc.) but also underline the role of obesity and previous attacks of low back pain, and invalidate the part musculoskeletal abnormalities play in this pathology.
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PMID:[Backache in a hospital environment: epidemiologic aspects and the role of various risk factors]. 297 Jun 61

In this prospective study, predictors of outcome were identified for patients (n = 116) who presented to their family physician with acute mechanical low back pain. Short-term outcome was measured by the number of days lost from work and longer term outcome was measured by disability at the six-week follow-up. Unlike other published work, this study did not find obesity or a history of previous back problems to be related to a poorer outcome from acute episodes of low back pain. Among those patients not involved in manual labor, a history of anxiety or depression was a significant predictor of both greater work loss and longer term disability. Among this same group, cigarette smoking was also found to be related to greater long-term disability from acute low back pain. Further study of this relationship is needed. The number of hours of manual labor performed daily was a strong predictor of poor outcome (both short- and long-term) of acute episodes of low back pain. Among both manual laborers and professional-technical workers, the number of days off work (at bed rest) prescribed by the physician was significantly related to greater absenteeism from work; the physician's diagnosis of an actual or possible disc problem was also related (P less than .05) to greater work loss among manual laborers. Neither of these factors, however, was related to longer term disability.
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PMID:Clinical predictors of outcome of acute episodes of low back pain. 297 13

Pulmonary embolism following postoperative deep venous thrombosis is a very serious complication with a high mortality rate. Though this disorder has been thought to be rare in Japanese, its occurrence seems to be increasing recently because of changes in eating habits, increase of average age and the frequent practice of venous catheterization. Two cases of the pulmonary embolism following deep venous thrombosis after surgery are reported, and possible causes of the deep venous thrombosis are discussed. Case 1: A 48 year-old obese female was operated on for a posterior fossa dural arteriovenous malformation. On the 4th postoperative day, she developed a pain and swelling in the left leg and low back pain. On the 18th postoperative day, she fell into a state of shock following the sudden onset of a severe back pain and respiratory distress. After diagnosis of the pulmonary embolism, she was immediately treated with urokinase, warfarin and aspirin. Her obesity was considered to be one of the risk factors of the postoperative deep venous thrombosis. Case 2: A 62 year-old female with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm could not get out of bed because of postoperative mental disturbance. A central venous pressure catheter was inserted into the right femoral vein for two weeks postoperatively. One month after surgery, she complained of swelling and a dull pain in the right leg without cardiorespiratory symptoms. Lung perfusion scintigraphy showed asymptomatic pulmonary embolism. She was treated immediately. Both long bed rest and femoral venous catheterization were considered as risk factors possibly leading to deep venous thrombosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Postoperative pulmonary embolism in neurosurgical practice: report of two cases]. 321 Dec 80

Muscle fatigue and lack of endurance are complaints of persons with chronic low back pain, but there are no standard ways to assess endurance in this population. The purposes of this study were to examine three measures of endurance; to determine relationships of these measures to each other; and to describe effects of gender, obesity, smoking, and self-reported fitness on the clinical measures. The measures of endurance selected were not dependent on maximal voluntary muscular contractions. They were the Sorensen test, median frequency decline of selected muscles, and a submaximal bicycle ergometer test. Thirty-five consenting individuals who were referred for treatment answered questions about their daily exercise prior to being tested. Repeatability of the Sorensen test holding time and of the slope measure of decline in the median frequencies was acceptable for subjects who reported a higher activity level. The decline of the median frequency in the biceps femoris muscles correlated with holding time of the Sorensen test. Smoking, gender, or obesity level did not affect test results on any of the endurance measures. Subjects who reportedly were more active achieved significantly higher scores on the Sorensen test. The importance of controlling for self-perception of activity in physical testing is discussed.
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PMID:Some endurance measures in persons with chronic low back pain. 792 Jun 5

The prevalence of back pain among Swedish women 16-84 years of age has increased from 6.1% in 1975 to 8.1% in 1989; no such increase has been recorded for Swedish men. To determine whether an association exists between back pain and oral contraceptive (OC) use, a register study was conducted at the major health center in Tierp, Sweden; 65% of the 45,000 physician visits made each year by the population of this municipality were to this site. The 503 women prescribed OCs in 1980 (19.08% of women 14-44 years of age in the study area) served as cases; age-matched non-users were controls. Lower back pain was recorded significantly more frequently each year during the 1981-85 follow-up period among OC users than among controls (p 0.01 in the first year and 0.05 in the fourth year). Pregnancy was not a confounding factor. However, the register did not allow analysis of life-style factors such as heavy physical work, smoking, or obesity that are also associated with back pain. Moreover, bias could have been introduced by the fact that OC users made more health center visits, increasing the potential for diagnosis. Additional studies are required to determine whether the OC-back pain association identified in this study is causal.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives and back pain in women in a Swedish community. 912 5


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